Exploring the Influence of Gut–Brain Axis Modulation on Cognitive Health: A Comprehensive Review of Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Symbiotics

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(6), P. 789 - 789

Published: March 10, 2024

Recent research exploring the relationship between gut and brain suggests that condition of microbiota can influence cognitive health. A well-balanced may help reduce inflammation, which is linked to neurodegenerative conditions. Prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotics are nutritional supplements functional food components associated with gastrointestinal well-being. The bidirectional communication gut–brain axis essential for maintaining homeostasis, pre-, pro-, potentially affecting various functions such as attention, perception, memory. Numerous studies have consistently shown incorporating into a healthy diet lead improvements in mood. Maintaining support optimal function, crucial disease prevention our fast-paced, Westernized society. Our results indicate benefits older individuals probiotic supplementation but not who good adequate levels physical activity. Additionally, it appears there patients mild impairment Alzheimer’s disease, while mixed seem arise younger healthier individuals. However, important acknowledge individual responses vary, use these dietary should be tailored each individual’s unique health circumstances needs.

Language: Английский

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The microbiota-gut-brain-immune interface in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases: a narrative review of the emerging literature

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: May 16, 2024

Importance Research is beginning to elucidate the sophisticated mechanisms underlying microbiota-gut-brain-immune interface, moving from primarily animal models human studies. Findings support dynamic relationships between gut microbiota as an ecosystem (microbiome) within (host) and its intersection with host immune nervous systems. Adding this effects on epigenetic regulation of gene expression further complicates strengthens response. At heart inflammation, which manifests in a variety pathologies including neurodegenerative diseases such Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Observations Generally, research date limited has focused bacteria, likely due simplicity cost-effectiveness 16s rRNA sequencing, despite lower resolution inability determine functional ability/alterations. However, omits all other fungi, viruses, phages, are emerging key members microbiome. Much been done pre-clinical and/or small studies more developed parts world. The observed promising but cannot be considered reliable or generalizable at time. Specifically, causal determined currently. More followed by then little MS. data for MS encouraging this. Conclusions relevance While still nascent, interface may missing link, hampered our progress understanding, let alone preventing, managing, putting into remission diseases. Relationships must first established humans, have shown poorly translate complex physiology environments, especially when investigating microbiome where often overly simplistic. Only can robust conducted humans using mechanistic model

Language: Английский

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Extended animal cognition

Synthese, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 203(5)

Published: April 23, 2024

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Game-Based Interventions on Adult Cognition: A Systematic Review

International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 36

Published: Feb. 24, 2025

This 10-year systematic review examines the impact of game-based interventions (GBI) on adult cognition, covering learning and training, serious games, gamification, exergames. The research followed PRISMA guidelines Cochrane recommendations for bias assessment. We reviewed 1,398 articles selected 42 studies (26 randomized trials, 16 non-randomized). Our findings highlight influence contextual factors GBI, such as culture individual traits. emphasize predominance digital over analog applications, reflecting GBI's connection to Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). underscores interdisciplinary nature need high-quality standards. examined 23 outcome categories found positive effects in areas like Satisfaction, Flow, Learning, Motivation, Perception, though with varying risks. On average, GBI designs incorporated nine game elements. Most used Puzzle Simulation genres, were single-player, 2D, computer-based. Innovations neurophysiological tools, movement monitoring, virtual reality offer promising HCI avenues.

Language: Английский

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The Oral–Gut Microbiome–Brain Axis in Cognition

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 814 - 814

Published: April 3, 2025

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and neuronal loss, affecting millions worldwide. Emerging evidence highlights the oral microbiome—a complex ecosystem of bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa as significant factor in health. Dysbiosis microbiome contributes to systemic inflammation, disrupts blood–brain barrier, promotes neuroinflammation, processes increasingly implicated pathogenesis AD. This review examines mechanisms linking dysbiosis through oral–brain oral–gut–brain axis. These interconnected pathways enable bidirectional communication between cavity, gut, brain via neural, immune, endocrine signaling. Oral pathogens, such Porphyromonas gingivalis, along with virulence factors, including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) gingipains, contribute while metabolic byproducts, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) peptidoglycans, further exacerbate immune activation. Additionally, this explores influence external diet, pH balance, medication use, smoking, alcohol consumption, hygiene, on microbial diversity stability, highlighting their role shaping outcomes. The dynamic interplay gut microbiomes reinforces importance homeostasis preserving neurological interventions, probiotics, prebiotics, dietary modifications, offer promising strategies support function reduce risk diseases, AD, maintaining diverse microbiome. Future longitudinal research needed identify long-term impact cognition.

Language: Английский

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Embodied Cognition and the Structure of Personality: An Exploratory Study of Longitudinal Pathways From Early Psychomotor Function

Journal of Personality, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

To explore the developmental pathways linking infant psychomotor function with personality in late adolescence through cognitive, social, and self-regulation skills. The broader research question, seen lens of embodied cognition, is whether cognition youth develop from basic sensorimotor communicative systems infancy. sample included 9202 participants a representative UK birth cohort. A structural equation model examined prospective associations between motor functions at age 9 months, self-regulation, prosociality 5 years, five-factor 17 years. meta-traits stability plasticity were also explored. Even after controlling for confounders correcting multiple paths, there was robust evidence that development significantly predicts structure, indirect mediated by skills general or social cognitive middle childhood. While associated both meta-traits, gross but not stability. Early may have long-term effects on personality, This finding can inform socio-educational interventions tailored curricula early childhood education.

Language: Английский

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The Emergence of the Slc11 Clade MCbgut: A Parsimonious Hypothesis for the Dawn of Lactobacillales in the Gut of Early Vertebrates

Bacteria, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(3), P. 223 - 255

Published: Aug. 14, 2024

The Lactobacillales (LB) stand apart among bacterial orders, using manganese (Mn) instead of iron to support their growth and swiftly ferment complex foods while acidifying environment. present work investigates whether a shift in the use Mn could mark origin LB. Transmembrane carriers ubiquitous Slc11 family play key roles LB physiology by catalyzing proton-dependent import. In prior studies, clade found (MntH Cb, MCb) showed both remarkable structural plasticity highly efficient uptake, another clade, MCg1, demonstrated divergent evolution coinciding with emergence genera (e.g., Bordetella, Achromobacter). Herein, MCb is subdivided sister groups: MCbie MCbgut. derives directly from MCa, pointing an intermediate stage predominates marine Bacillaceae, more conserved than MCbgut, lacks that typify MCbgut carriers, responds differently identical mutagenesis. Exchanging MCbie/MCbgut amino acid residues at sites distinguish these clades conformation-dependent effects templates, 3D location targeted carrier structure together suggests mechanism open inner gate, release into cytoplasm, differs between Building on established phylogeny for Enterococcus revealed pair genes encoding was common ancestor LB, as MCbgu1 MCbgu2 templates exhibited distinct dynamics properties. These data are discussed when examining MCbgut+ emerge upper gut early vertebrates (ca. 540 mya), through genome contraction toward Mn-centrism, they specialized gastric aids favoring stomach establishment jawed bi-directional communication host nervous, endocrine immune systems.

Language: Английский

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