Exploring the gut microbiota: lifestyle choices, disease associations, and personal genomics

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Oct. 5, 2023

The gut microbiota is a rich and dynamic ecosystem that actively interacts with the human body, playing significant role in state of health disease host. Diet, exercise, mental health, other factors have exhibited ability to influence bacterial composition, leading changes can prevent improve, or favor worsen, both intestinal extra-intestinal conditions. Altered microbial states, ‘dysbiosis’, associated conditions diseases are often characterized by shifts abundance diversity, including an impaired Firmicutes Bacteroidetes ratio. By understanding effect lifestyle on microbiota, personalized advice be generated suit each individual profile foster adoption ameliorate dysbiosis. delivery effective reliable advice, however, depends not only available research current topic, but also methods used assess individuals discover associations, which introduce bias at multiple stages. aim this review summarize how variability defined what choices shown association composition. Furthermore, popular investigate outlined, focus possible caused lack use standardized methods. Finally, overview based testing presented, underlining its power limitations.

Language: Английский

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The Athlete Gut Microbiome and its Relevance to Health and Performance: A Review

Sports Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 52(S1), P. 119 - 128

Published: Nov. 18, 2022

Abstract The human gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem of microorganisms that play an important role in health, influencing functions such as vitamin uptake, digestion and immunomodulation. While research the has expanded considerably over past decade, some areas relationship between exercise remain relatively under investigated. Despite this, multiple studies have shown potential bidirectional microbiome, with demonstrating possibility this relationship. This, turn, could provide useful route to influence athletic performance via manipulation, valuable prospect for many elite athletes their teams. evidence supporting benefits pursuing associated future perspectives are discussed review.

Language: Английский

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The gut-microbiota-brain axis in a Spanish population in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic: microbiota composition linked to anxiety, trauma, and depression profiles

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 18, 2023

The prevalence of anxiety and depression soared following the COVID-19 pandemic. To effectively treat these conditions, a comprehensive understanding all etiological factors is needed. This study investigated fecal microbial features associated with mental health outcomes (symptoms anxiety, depression, or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)) in Spanish cohort aftermath Microbial communities from stool samples were profiled 198 individuals who completed validated, self-report questionnaires. 16S ribosomal RNA gene V3-4 amplicon sequencing was performed. diversity community structure analyzed, together relative taxonomic abundance. In our N=198, 17.17% reported depressive symptoms, 37.37% state 40.90% trait 8.08% PTSD high levels comorbidity. Individuals had lower Simpson's diversity. Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans reduced comorbid + whilst an expansion Proteobacteria depletion Synergistetes phyla noted symptoms. abundance Anaerostipes positively correlated childhood trauma, higher Turicibacter sanguinis Lentisphaerae found experienced life-threatening traumas. infection vaccination influenced overall composition distinct profiles. These findings will help lay foundation for future studies to identify role players symptoms provide therapeutic targets improve outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Gut-muscle crosstalk. A perspective on influence of microbes on muscle function

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Jan. 9, 2023

Our gastrointestinal system functions to digest and absorb ingested food, but it is also home trillions of microbes that change across time, nutrition, lifestyle, disease conditions. Largely commensals, these are gaining prominence with regards how they collectively affect the function important metabolic organs, from adipose tissues endocrine pancreas skeletal muscle. Muscle, as biggest utilizer glucose an reservoir body proteins, intricately linked homeostasis, anabolic catabolic functions, respectively. Herein, we provide a brief overview gut microbiota may influence muscle health various in turn be altered during certain states. Specifically, discuss recent experimental clinical evidence support for role gut-muscle crosstalk include suggested underpinning molecular mechanisms facilitate this diseased We end perspective on exercise pharmacological interventions interface axis improve mass function.

Language: Английский

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Unraveling the Impact of Gut and Oral Microbiome on Gut Health in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(15), P. 3377 - 3377

Published: July 29, 2023

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). IBD mainly includes two distinct diseases, namely Crohn's and ulcerative colitis. To date, precise etiology these conditions not fully elucidated. Recent research has shed light on significant role oral gut microbiome in development progression its collective influence health. This review aims to investigate connection between context IBD, exploring intricate interplay microbial communities their impact overall advances have revealed compelling link microbiome, highlighting pivotal maintaining The cavity GIT are interconnected ecosystems that harbor implicated pathogenesis several ways. Reduction diversity abundance beneficial bacterial species with colonization opportunistic pathogens can induce inflammation. Some arise from origin, especially patients diseases such as periodontitis. It essential discern mechanisms transmission, health potential dysbiosis development. By elucidating this relationship, we enhance our understanding identify therapeutic avenues for managing disease. Furthermore, innovative strategies modulating promote prevent occurrence progression.

Language: Английский

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Temporal variations in the gut microbial diversity in response to high-fat diet and exercise

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

Abstract High-fat diet-induced obesity is a pandemic caused by an inactive lifestyle and increased consumption of Western diets major risk factor for diabetes cardiovascular diseases. In contrast, exercise can positively influence gut microbial diversity linked to decreased inflammatory state. To understand the variations associated with high-fat diet over time, we conducted longitudinal study examine effect covariates on composition. Young mice were divided into four groups: Chow-diet (CHD), (HFD), + (HFX), only (EXE) underwent experimental intervention 12 weeks. Fecal samples at week 0 collected DNA extraction, followed 16S library preparation sequencing. Data analyzed using QIIME 2, R MicrobiomeAnalyst. The Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes ratio fivefold in HFD HFX groups compared that CHD EXE group time. Alpha was significantly longitudinally ( p < 0.02), whereas (Shannon, Faith’s PD, Fisher) richness (ACE) reduced 0.005) 0.03) Beta diversity, based Jaccard, Bray–Curtis, unweighted UniFrac distance metrics, significant among groups. Prevotella , Paraprevotella Candidatus arthromitus Lactobacillus salivarius L. reuteri Roseburia Bacteroides uniformis Sutterella Corynebacterium differentially abundant chow-diet (CHD EXE). Exercise proportion taxa characteristic diet, including Butyricimonas Ruminococcus gnavus Mucispirillum schaedleri . Diet, age, contributed explaining bacterial community structure microbiota. Modulating microbiota maintaining its stability lead targeted microbiome therapies manage chronic recurrent diseases infections.

Language: Английский

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Approach to the diagnosis and management of dysbiosis

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: April 19, 2024

All microorganisms like bacteria, viruses and fungi that reside within a host environment are considered microbiome. The number of bacteria almost equal human cells, however, the genome these may be 100 times larger than genome. Every aspect physiology health can influenced by microbiome living in various parts our body. Any imbalance composition or function is seen as dysbiosis. Different types dysbiosis corresponding symptoms depend on site microbial imbalance. contribution intestinal extra-intestinal microbiota to influence systemic activities through interplay between different axes. Whole body complex process involving gut non-gut related It still at stage infancy has not yet been fully understood. Dysbiosis genetic factors, lifestyle habits, diet including ultra-processed foods food additives, well medications. associated with many diseases cannot diagnosed standard blood tests investigations. Microbiota derived metabolites analyzed useful management addressed altering proper modulation. effect interventions humans depends beneficial alteration mostly based animal studies evolving evidence from studies. There tremendous potential for diagnosis, treatment, prognosis diseases, as, monitoring disease humans. system-based approach diagnosis better pure taxonomic approach. could new therapeutic target conditions.

Language: Английский

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Microbiome features associated with performance measures in athletic and non-athletic individuals: A case-control study

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(2), P. e0297858 - e0297858

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

The influence of human gut microbiota on health and disease is now commonly appreciated. Therefore, it not surprising that microbiome research has found interest in the sports community, hoping to improve optimize performance. Comparative studies new species or pathways were more enriched elites than sedentary controls. In addition, sport-specific performance-level-specific features have been identified. However, results remain inconclusive indicate need for further assessment. this case-control study, we tested two athletic populations (i.e. strength athletes, endurance athletes) a non-athletic, but physically active, control group across acute exercise bouts, separated by 2-week period, measured explosive high intensity fitness level (repeated 30-s all-out Wingate test (WT)) cardiorespiratory (Bruce Treadmill Test). While did identify any differences alpha beta diversity significant differential abundance components at baseline, one-third identified unique each group. Longitudinal sample (pre- post-exercise) analysis revealed an Alistipes communis during WT 88 with notable between-group Bruce Test. SparCC recognized Bifidobacterium longum adolescentis , short-chain fatty acid producers probiotic properties, strongly associated VO 2 max. Ultimately, several taxa different baseline abundances longitudinal changes when comparing individuals based their max, average power, maximal power parameters. Our confirmed status are consistent assumptions about health. Furthermore, our findings better performance previously elite athletes.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Physical Exercise on the Microbiota in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(16), P. 2657 - 2657

Published: Aug. 11, 2024

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, and constipation. Recent studies have underscored the significant role of gut microbiota in pathogenesis IBS. Physical exercise, as non-pharmacological intervention, has been proposed to alleviate IBS symptoms modulating microbiota. Aerobic such running, swimming, cycling, shown enhance diversity abundance beneficial bacteria, including Lactobacillus Bifidobacterium. These bacteria produce short-chain fatty acids that possess anti-inflammatory properties support barrier integrity. Studies involving patients participating structured aerobic exercise programs reported improvements their microbiota's composition diversity, alongside an alleviation like pain bloating. Additionally, positively influences mental health reducing stress improving mood, which can further relieve via gut-brain axis. Long-term interventions provide sustained benefits, maintaining stability, supporting immune functions, systemic inflammation. However, must be tailored individual needs avoid exacerbating symptoms. Personalized plans starting with low-to-moderate intensity gradually increasing maximize benefits minimize risks. This review examines impact various types intensities physical on patients, highlighting need for explore optimal protocols. Future research should include larger sample sizes, longer follow-up periods, examine synergistic effects other lifestyle modifications. Integrating into comprehensive management symptom control improve patients' quality life.

Language: Английский

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A case–control study of the association between the gut microbiota and colorectal cancer: exploring the roles of diet, stress, and race

Gut Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: March 11, 2024

The gut microbiota is associated with risk for colorectal cancer (CRC), a chronic disease which racial disparities persist Black Americans having higher of CRC incidence and mortality compared to other groups. Given documented differences, the may offer some insight into previously unexplained in mortality. A case-control analysis comparing 11 women newly diagnosed 22 cancer-free matched on age, BMI, race 1:2 ratio was conducted. Information about participants' diet perceived stress levels were obtained via 24-h Dietary Recall Perceived Stress Scale-10 survey, respectively. Participants provided stool samples from microbial genomic DNA extracted reveal abundance 26 genera chosen priori based their observed relevance CRC, anxiety symptoms, diet. Significantly lower alpha diversity among all race-cancer status combinations. No group differences when beta diversity. Non-Hispanic White cases tended have relative Fusobacteria, Gemellaceae, Peptostreptococcus combination inversely additional genera. Our findings suggest that microbiome-CRC associations differ by group. Additional large, racially diverse population-based studies are needed determine if identified between characteristics microbiome generalizable racial, ethnic, gender

Language: Английский

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