Natural products in atherosclerosis therapy by targeting PPARs: a review focusing on lipid metabolism and inflammation

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: April 18, 2024

Inflammation and dyslipidemia are critical inducing factors of atherosclerosis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) ligand-activated transcription control the expression multiple genes that involved in lipid metabolism inflammatory responses. However, synthesized PPAR agonists exhibit contrary therapeutic effects various side atherosclerosis therapy. Natural products structural diversity have a good safety. Recent studies find natural herbs compounds attractive on by alleviating hyperlipidemia inflammation through modulation PPARs. Importantly, preparation generally causes significantly lower environmental pollution compared to chemical compounds. Therefore, it is interesting discover novel modulator develop alternative strategies for therapy based This article reviews recent findings, mainly from year 2020 present, about roles regulation PPARs their provides theoretical basis using targeting PPARs, offers valuable information researchers interested developing modulators.

Language: Английский

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Brown algae biomass for fucoxanthin, fucoidan and alginate; update review on structure, biosynthesis, biological activities and extraction valorisation

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 135632 - 135632

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Fucoidan Oligosaccharide Supplementation Relieved Kidney Injury and Modulated Intestinal Homeostasis in D-Galactose-Exposed Rats

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 325 - 325

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Background/Objectives: A fucoidan oligosaccharide (FOS), a potent compound derived from algae, is known for its diverse biological activities, including prebiotic activity, anticancer and antioxidative properties, has demonstrated supportive therapeutic effects in treating kidney ailments. This study was conducted to explore the protective influence of FOS on damage due aging induced by D-galactose Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Methods: The low-dose group administered (100 mg/kg) gavage, high-FOS received (200 gavage. Results: findings showed that could effectively mitigate improve pathological condition tissues caused D-gal enhance function. Intervention with significantly reduced serum creatinine, uric acid, urea nitrogen levels, compared model group. mechanism D-gal-induced injury may be inhibit oxidative stress impaired mitochondrial function downregulating AMPK/ULK1 signaling pathway. also modulate expression autophagy-related proteins (Beclin-1, P62, LC3II/LC3I), thereby excessive mitophagy kidney. Furthermore, protect against preserving intestinal homeostasis. decreased lipopolysaccharide levels enhanced mucosal barrier upregulated abundances Bacteroidota, Muribaculaceae, Lactobacillus, while it Firmicutes, NK4A136_group, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group. supplementation modulated gut microbiota composition, increasing beneficial bacteria reducing detrimental ones, potentially contributing improved Conclusions: safeguard renal D-gal-exposed rats inhibiting mitophagy, function, regulating

Language: Английский

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Sulforaphane-mediated immune regulation through inhibition of NF-kB and MAPK signaling pathways in human dendritic cells

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 177, P. 117056 - 117056

Published: June 29, 2024

Inflammation and immune responses are intricately intertwined processes crucial for maintaining homeostasis combating against pathogens. These involve complex signaling pathways, notably the Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells (NF-κB) Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) which play roles. Sulforaphane (SFN), a nutraceutic, has emerged as potential regulator NF-κB MAPK exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties. However, limited knowledge exists regarding SFN's effects on cell modulation. This study aimed to assess immunomodulatory capacity SFN pretreatment in human dendritic cells (DCs), followed by exposure chronic inflammatory environment induced lipopolysaccharide. was found inhibit resulting phenotypic changes DCs characterized slight reduction expression surface markers, well decrease TNF-α/IL-10 ratio. Additionally, enhanced proliferation Treg-cells promoted production IL-10 before environment. Furthermore, these were be influenced inhibition pathways (specifically p38 JNK), suggesting that may role regulation differentiation adaptive (proliferation T- IL-10-producing regulatory-cells), prior pretreatment. Our findings suggest induce regulatory response inhibiting an could considered promising strategy utilizing functional foods protect inflammation develop immunoregulatory interventions.

Language: Английский

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Undaria pinnatifida fucoidan extract inhibits activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway by herpes simplex virus type 1 and prevents amyloid-β peptide synthesis in retinal pigment epithelium cells

Archives of Virology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 170(2)

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Language: Английский

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Metformin Alleviates Inflammation and Induces Mitophagy in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells Suffering from Mitochondrial Damage

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(17), P. 1433 - 1433

Published: Aug. 27, 2024

Mitochondrial malfunction, excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), deficient autophagy/mitophagy, and chronic inflammation are hallmarks age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Metformin has been shown to activate mitophagy, alleviate inflammation, lower the odds developing AMD. Here, we explored ability metformin mitophagy in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. Human ARPE-19 cells were pre-treated with for 1 h prior exposure antimycin A (10 µM), which induced mitochondrial damage. Cell viability, ROS production, inflammatory cytokine measured, while autophagy/mitophagy proteins studied using Western blotting immunocytochemistry. pre-treatment reduced levels proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 IL-8 42% 65% compared exposed alone. accumulation autophagy substrate SQSTM1/p62 (43.9%) LC3 I II (51.6% 48.6%, respectively) after exposure. also increased colocalization TOM20 1.5-fold, suggesting active mitophagy. Antimycin (226%), was by (84.5%). Collectively, showed anti-inflammatory antioxidative potential induction human RPE suffering from

Language: Английский

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Fucoidan’s Molecular Targets: A Comprehensive Review of Its Unique and Multiple Targets Accounting for Promising Bioactivities Supported by In Silico Studies

Marine Drugs, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(1), P. 29 - 29

Published: Dec. 30, 2023

Fucoidan is a class of multifunctional polysaccharides derived from marine organisms. Its unique and diversified physicochemical chemical properties have qualified them for potential promising pharmacological uses in human diseases, including inflammation, tumors, immunity disorders, kidney diabetes. Physicochemical are the main contributors to these bioactivities. The previous literature has attributed such activities its ability target key enzymes receptors involved disease pathways, either directly or indirectly, where anionic sulfate ester groups mainly interactions. These findings also confirm advantageous sulfated versus non-sulfated polysaccharides. current review shall highlight molecular targets fucoidans, especially enzymes, subsequent responses via upregulation downregulation mediators' expression various tissue abnormalities. In addition, silico studies will be applied support show significant contributors. may help understanding mechanisms fucoidan. Also, this utilized design specific oligomers inspired by fucoidan with purpose treating life-threatening diseases effectively.

Language: Английский

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Fucoidan from Cladosiphon okamuranus enhances antioxidant activity and prevents reproductive dysfunction in polystyrene microplastic-induced male rats

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 170, P. 115912 - 115912

Published: Dec. 5, 2023

Plastic pollution, including microplastic, has emerged as a severe environmental and public health problem. The risks, especially in the case of reproductive damage caused by polystyrene microplastic (PS-MP) exposure, are emerging problems that need to be solved. This study aimed investigate effects fucoidan extracted from Cladosiphon okamuranus on microplastic-induced oxidative stress Leydig (LC540) cells male rats. LC540 rats were induced PS-MP. treatment reduces nitric oxide (NO) reactive oxygen species generation cells. In animal study, enhanced enzymatic antioxidant activities (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase) reduced malondialdehyde production. Fucoidan supplementation also downregulates tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, caspase-3 expression. Additionally, upregulates testosterone levels, prevents reduction epithelium thickness, area seminiferous tubule lumen. According these conditions, downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, can used source food supplements or functional ingredients for testicular management.

Language: Английский

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The Effects of Sargassum horneri Extract and Fucoidan on Tear Hyposecretion and Ocular Surface Injury in Rats with Dry Eye Diseases

Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 45(8), P. 6583 - 6592

Published: Aug. 8, 2023

Hyperosmotic stress caused by tear hyposection is a leading cause of dry eye disease. We investigated the prevention disease in corneal epithelial cells and rats that were induced to develop via unilateral excision their exorbital lacrimal gland using Sargassum horneri extract (AB_SH) its bioactive component fucoidan. Oral administration AB_SH (250 mg/kg 500 mg/kg) fucoidan (100 was conducted for 7 days. In order measure secretion, phenol red thread tests performed along with irregularity measurements. The apoptotic injury cornea evaluated TUNEL staining. shown suppress apoptosis expression apoptosis-related proteins human under hyperosmotic conditions. attenuated hyposecretion gland-excised rats. addition, also reduced gland. This study suggests S. can effectively ameliorate suppressing ocular tissues.

Language: Английский

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Baicalin alleviates the injury of human retinal pigment epithelium cells and improves branch retinal vein occlusion in rats by inhibiting the HIF-1α/VEGFA axis

European journal of medical research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(1)

Published: Nov. 27, 2024

At present, relevant studies have found that baicalin can improve macular edema (ME) caused by glaucoma, but the effect on branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is still unclear. The CoCl2-stimulated ARPE-19 cells were treated with different concentrations of and detected cell viability, apoptosis oxidative stress. Next, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) overexpression vector or siRNA transfected into cells, changes detected. We searched potential binding proteins HIF-1α through online database, screened vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) as research object. alone, vector, VEGFA siRNA, Finally, we verified therapeutic BRVO rats in vivo. Baicalin inhibited CoCl2-induced apoptosis, inflammation stress protein expression. In hypoxia aggravated stress, while silencing alleviated damage. Mechanism study showed baicalin-treated expression decreased damage was improved, this protective counteracted HIF-1α, again tissue rats, reduced injury, promoted recovery ganglion layer. injury improved inhibiting HIF-1α/VEGFA axis vivo vitro.

Language: Английский

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