Medicina,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
61(2), P. 329 - 329
Published: Feb. 13, 2025
Background
and
Objectives:
Atherosclerosis
is
an
inflammatory
condition
that
results
in
cholesterol
accumulating
within
vessel
wall
cells.
Atherosclerotic
cardiovascular
disease
the
leading
cause
of
mortality
worldwide
due
to
this
being
a
major
contributor
myocardial
infarctions
cerebrovascular
accidents.
Research
suggests
accumulation
occurring
precisely
arterial
endothelial
cells
triggers
atherogenesis
exacerbates
atherosclerosis.
Furthermore,
inflamed
endothelium
acts
as
catalyst
for
atherosclerotic
development.
Therefore,
enhancing
removal
specifically
pro-inflammatory
may
be
potential
treatment
option
While
we
have
previously
shown
inhibiting
microRNA
guide
strand
miR-33a-5p
increases
both
ABCA1
expression
apoAI-mediated
efflux,
it
unknown
whether
miR-33a-3p
passenger
causes
similar
atheroprotective
effects.
In
study,
what
aimed
test.
Materials
Methods:
We
used
plasmid
transfection
knockdown
cultured
immortalized
mouse
aortic
(iMAECs).
compared
efflux
these
iMAECs
transfected
with
control
plasmid.
Results:
The
resulted
significant
increase
mRNA
expression.
However,
inhibition
did
not
significantly
protein
iMAECs.
Moreover,
failed
detect
from
knockdown.
Conclusions:
Our
indicative
alone
does
enhance
ABCA1-dependent
To
gain
any
benefit
endothelium,
additional
anti-atherogenic
strategies
would
likely
needed
unison.
Environment International,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
171, P. 107662 - 107662
Published: Nov. 26, 2022
Exposure
to
micro-
and
nanoplastics
(MNPs)
is
inevitable
due
their
omnipresence
in
the
environment.
A
growing
body
of
studies
has
advanced
our
understanding
potential
toxicity
MNPs
but
knowledge
gaps
still
exist
regarding
adverse
effects
on
cardiovascular
system
underlying
mechanisms,
particularly
humans.
Here,
we
reviewed
up-to-date
data
published
past
10
years
MNP-driven
mechanisms.
Forty-six
articles
concerning
ADME
(absorption,
distribution,
aggregation
behaviors)
circulatory
animals
human
cells
were
analyzed
summarized.
The
results
showed
that
affected
cardiac
functions
caused
(micro)vascular
sites.
Direct
included
abnormal
heart
rate,
function
impairment,
pericardial
edema,
myocardial
fibrosis.
On
sites,
induced
hemolysis,
thrombosis,
blood
coagulation,
vascular
endothelial
damage.
main
mechanisms
oxidative
stress,
inflammation,
apoptosis,
pyroptosis,
interaction
between
multiple
cellular
components.
Cardiovascular
was
determined
by
properties
(type,
size,
surface,
structure)
MNPs,
exposure
dose
duration,
protein
presence,
life
stage,
sex,
species
tested
organisms,
as
well
with
other
environmental
contamination.
limited
quantitative
information
MNPs'
lack
guidelines
for
MNP
cardiotoxicity
testing
makes
risk
assessment
health
impossible.
Furthermore,
future
directions
research
are
recommended
enable
more
realistic
assessment.
Journal of International Medical Research,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
51(3)
Published: March 1, 2023
Insulin
resistance
(IR)
and
cardiovascular
disease
(CVD)
represent
two
universal
public
health
hazards,
especially
in
today’s
Western
societies.
A
causal-effect
relationship
has
been
established
that
links
IR
with
CVD.
The
mediating
mechanisms
are
perplexing,
under
ongoing,
rigorous
investigation
remain
to
be
fully
elucidated.
is
a
condition
encompassing
hyperglycemia
compensatory
hyperinsulinemia.
It
occurs
when
insulin
not
capable
of
exerting
its
maximum
effects
on
target
tissues,
including
skeletal
muscles,
liver
adipose
tissue.
This
alteration
signaling
pathways
results
the
development
cardiometabolic
disorders,
obesity,
dyslipidemia,
low-grade
inflammation,
endothelial
dysfunction
hypertension,
all
which
predisposing
factors
for
atherosclerosis
management
can
achieved
through
dietary
modifications,
inclusion
regular
exercise
routines
everyday
life,
pharmacological
agents
other
interventions
tailored
each
individual
patient’s
needs.
important
underline
though
that,
although
various
antidiabetic
drugs
may
improve
available,
no
medications
as
yet
specifically
approved
treatment
IR.
narrative
review
will
focus
current
scientific
clinical
evidence
pertaining
IR,
connecting
CVD,
well
plausible
strategies
holistic,
personalized
approach
management.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: July 7, 2023
Monocytes
are
circulating
leukocytes
of
innate
immunity
derived
from
the
bone
marrow
that
interact
with
endothelial
cells
under
physiological
or
pathophysiological
conditions
to
orchestrate
inflammation,
angiogenesis,
tissue
remodeling.
attracted
by
chemokines
and
specific
receptors
precise
areas
in
vessels
tissues
transdifferentiate
into
macrophages
damage
infection.
Adherent
monocytes
infiltrated
monocyte-derived
locally
release
a
myriad
cytokines,
vasoactive
agents,
matrix
metalloproteinases,
growth
factors
induce
vascular
remodeling
for
propagation
inflammatory
responses.
Infiltrated
cooperate
tissue-resident
during
all
phases
injury,
repair,
regeneration.
Substances
released
resident
serve
not
only
coordinate
vessel
but
cellular
interactions
as
well
attracting
more
(e.g.
MCP-1)
stimulating
nearby
TNF-α)
expose
monocyte
adhesion
molecules.
Prolonged
accumulation
activation
may
result
alterations
extracellular
turnover,
functions,
leakage.
In
this
review,
we
highlight
link
between
infiltrating
regulate
special
focus
on
how
these
contribute
such
cardiovascular
chronic
liver
diseases.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
23(14), P. 7740 - 7740
Published: July 13, 2022
Triterpenic
acids
are
phytocompounds
with
a
widespread
range
of
biological
activities
that
have
been
the
subject
numerous
in
vitro
and
vivo
studies.
However,
their
underlying
mechanisms
action
various
pathologies
not
completely
elucidated.
The
current
review
aims
to
summarize
most
recent
literature,
published
last
five
years,
regarding
mechanism
three
triterpenic
(asiatic
acid,
oleanolic
ursolic
acid),
corelated
different
such
as
anticancer,
anti-inflammatory,
antidiabetic,
cardioprotective,
neuroprotective,
hepatoprotective,
antimicrobial.
All
discussed
compounds
share
several
action,
targeted
modulation
PI3K/AKT,
Nrf2,
NF-kB,
EMT,
JAK/STAT3
signaling
pathways,
while
other
proved
only
be
specific
for
part
discussed,
Notch,
Hippo,
MALAT1/miR-206/PTGS1
pathway,
were
highlighted
well.
This
paper
stands
first
our
literature
study
on
topic,
which
will
followed
by
second
focusing
therapeutic
value.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(20), P. 15160 - 15160
Published: Oct. 13, 2023
Endothelial
cells
(ECs)
form
the
inner
linings
of
blood
vessels,
and
are
directly
exposed
to
endogenous
hazard
signals
metabolites
in
circulatory
system.
The
senescence
death
ECs
not
only
adverse
outcomes,
but
also
causal
contributors
endothelial
dysfunction,
an
early
risk
marker
atherosclerosis.
pathophysiological
process
EC
involves
both
structural
functional
changes
has
been
linked
various
factors,
including
oxidative
stress,
dysregulated
cell
cycle,
hyperuricemia,
vascular
inflammation,
aberrant
metabolite
sensing
signaling.
Multiple
forms
have
documented
atherosclerosis,
autophagic
death,
apoptosis,
pyroptosis,
NETosis,
necroptosis,
ferroptosis.
Despite
this,
molecular
mechanisms
underlying
or
atherogenesis
fully
understood.
To
provide
a
comprehensive
update
on
subject,
this
review
examines
historic
latest
findings
alterations
associated
with
different
stages
Molecules,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
28(4), P. 1861 - 1861
Published: Feb. 16, 2023
Pharmacologists
have
been
emphasizing
and
applying
plant
herbal-based
treatments
in
vascular
diseases
for
decades
now.
Olives,
example,
are
a
traditional
symbol
of
the
Mediterranean
diet.
Hydroxytyrosol
is
an
olive-derived
compound
known
its
antioxidant
cardioprotective
effects.
Acknowledging
merit
antioxidants
maintaining
endothelial
function
warrants
application
hydroxytyrosol
dysfunction
salvage
recovery.
Endothelial
(ED)
impairment
cells
that
adversely
affects
homeostasis.
Disturbance
functioning
precursor
atherosclerosis
and,
subsequently,
coronary
peripheral
artery
disease.
However,
effects
on
were
not
extensively
studied,
limiting
value
either
as
nutraceutical
supplement
or
clinical
trials.
The
action
at
cellular
molecular
level
gathered
summarized
this
review.
favorable
improvement
from
vitro
vivo
studies
scrutinized.
We
conclude
capable
to
counteract
oxidative
stress,
inflammation,
aging,
arterial
stiffness;
thus,
it
beneficial
preserve
both
vivo.
Although
specifically
dysfunction,
safety
efficacy
had
demonstrated
via
trials
cardiovascular-related
studies.
Pharmaceutics,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(6), P. 1639 - 1639
Published: June 1, 2023
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
a
heterogeneous
class
of
cell-derived
membrane
released
by
various
cell
types
that
serve
as
mediators
intercellular
signaling.
When
into
circulation,
EVs
may
convey
their
cargo
and
intermediaries
for
intracellular
communication,
reaching
nearby
cells
possibly
also
distant
organs.
In
cardiovascular
biology,
activated
or
apoptotic
endothelial
(EC-EVs)
disseminate
biological
information
at
short
long
distances,
contributing
to
the
development
progression
disease
related
disorders.
The
significance
EC-EVs
cell-cell
communication
has
advanced,
but
thorough
knowledge
role
intercommunication
plays
in
healthy
vascular
is
still
lacking.
Most
data
on
derive
from
vitro
studies,
there
little
reliable
available
biodistribution
specific
homing
vivo
tissues.
Molecular
imaging
techniques
crucial
monitoring
networks
both
basal
pathological
circumstances.
This
narrative
review
provides
an
overview
EC-EVs,
trying
highlight
messengers
interaction
homeostasis
disease,
describes
emerging
applications
modalities
visualization
vivo.
European Journal of Clinical Investigation,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 3, 2025
Abstract
Objective
Ankle‐brachial
index
(ABI)
and
carotid‐femoral
pulse‐wave
velocity
(cfPWV)
are
well‐established
surrogate
markers
of
overall
cardiovascular
risk.
However,
their
prognostic
value
towards
short‐
long‐term
mortality
in
an
emergency
medicine
setting
is
yet
unknown.
Approach
Results
Acutely
ill
medical
patients
systematically
underwent
cfPWV
ABI
measurements
at
the
department
a
tertiary
care
hospital.
Patients'
survival
was
analysed
relation
to
values
initial
presentation.
In
total,
1080
individuals
(43.7%
females;
59.6
±
17.4
years
old)
were
enrolled.
Over
median
follow‐up
period
24.4
months,
112
(10%)
deaths
observed.
30‐day
4.9%
with
pathological
1.4%
normal
(
p
=
.003).
There
also
significant
difference
over
entire
observational
regarding
cumulative
<
.001).
Thirty‐day
2.4%
≥10
m/s
.7%
<10
.025),
whole
differed
between
as
well
Conclusion
acutely
patients,
noninvasive
assessment
triage
level
facilitates
risk
stratification
for
mortality.
Patients
could
thus
be
seen
proxy
sicker
cohort
worse
polyvascular
situation.
Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: March 3, 2022
Atherosclerosis
(AS)
is
a
pathological
process
involving
lipid
oxidation,
immune
system
activation,
and
endothelial
dysfunction.
The
activated
could
lead
to
inflammation
oxidative
stress.
Risk
factors
like
aging
hyperhomocysteinemia
also
promote
the
progression
of
AS.
Epigenetic
modifications,
including
DNA
methylation,
histone
modification,
non-coding
RNA,
are
involved
in
modulation
genes
between
environment
AS
formation.
methylation
one
most
important
epigenetic
mechanisms
pathogenesis
However,
relationship
not
completely
understood.
This
review
will
discuss
abnormal
changes
AS,
genome-wide
hypermethylation
dominating
with
an
increase
age,
links
methyl
supply
generating
hyperhomocysteinemia,
influence
stress
demethylation
by
interfering
hydroxyl-methylation
TET
proteins.
summarize
current
status
treatment,
which
may
provide
new
direction
potential
therapeutic
targets
for
