Efficacy of amino acids in sports nutrition- review of clinical evidences

Food Research International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 187, P. 114311 - 114311

Published: April 23, 2024

Language: Английский

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Exercise Metabolome: Insights for Health and Performance

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 694 - 694

Published: May 26, 2023

Exercise has many benefits for physical and mental well-being. Metabolomics research allowed scientists to study the impact of exercise on body by analyzing metabolites released tissues such as skeletal muscle, bone, liver. Endurance training increases mitochondrial content oxidative enzymes, while resistance muscle fiber glycolytic enzymes. Acute endurance affects amino acid metabolism, fat cellular energy cofactor vitamin metabolism. Subacute alters lipid nucleotide Chronic improves metabolism changes several metabolic pathways, including anaerobic processes muscular strength. resulting in adaptations. Combined endurance–resistance carbohydrate increasing capacity fatigue resistance. Studying exercise-induced is a growing field, further can uncover underlying mechanisms help tailor programs optimal health performance.

Language: Английский

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Research advances in the application of metabolomics in exercise science

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 15, 2024

Exercise training can lead to changes in the metabolic composition of an athlete’s blood, magnitude which depends largely on intensity and duration exercise. A variety behavioral, biochemical, hormonal, immunological biomarkers are commonly used assess physical condition during exercise training. However, traditional invasive muscle biopsy testing methods unable comprehensively detect physiological differences body. Metabolomics technology is a high-throughput, highly sensitive technique that provides comprehensive assessment small molecule metabolites (molecular weight <1,500 Da) By measuring overall characteristics biological samples, we study endogenous organism or cell at certain moment time, investigate interconnection dynamic patterns between changes, thus further understanding interactions genes environment, providing possibilities for biomarker discovery, precise nutritional programming athletes. This paper summaries progress research application metabolomics sports science, looks forward future development metabolomics, with view new approaches perspectives improving human performance, promoting against chronic diseases, advancing science research.

Language: Английский

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Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Inflammation Management in Endurance Sports: Molecular Mechanisms and Practical Implications

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(8), P. 1335 - 1335

Published: April 12, 2025

Endurance athletes frequently experience muscle damage and inflammation due to prolonged, high-intensity exercise, which can impair recovery hinder performance. This review examines the role of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation in repair, modulation, immune regulation. BCAAs—particularly leucine isoleucine—activate key molecular pathways, including mechanistic target rapamycin (mTOR) AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), promote synthesis enhance energy metabolism. They also attenuate inflammatory responses by modulating nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer activated B cells (NF-κB), mitogen-activated (MAPK), Janus kinase/signal transducer activator transcription (JAK/STAT) reducing levels tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) interleukin-6 (IL-6). In addition, BCAAs influence function via complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, autophagy, mitigate exercise-induced apoptosis. These effects result reduced soreness, lower biomarker (e.g., creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase), improved recovery. Practical considerations such as optimal dosage, timing, co-supplementation with carbohydrates, proteins, or omega-3s are addressed. While show promise a nutritional strategy for enhancing controlling endurance athletes, further research is needed refine personalized protocols clarify long-term effects.

Language: Английский

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Integrating metagenomics and metabolomics to study the gut microbiome and host relationships in sports across different energy systems

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: May 2, 2025

Language: Английский

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Glycerophospholipids in Red Blood Cells Are Associated with Aerobic Performance in Young Swimmers

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(6), P. 765 - 765

Published: March 7, 2024

This study aimed to characterize the composition of lipids in red blood cells (RBCs) adolescent swimmers and correlate this lipidome with aerobic performance athletes. Five experimental assessments were performed by 37 swimmers. During first session, athletes went laboratory facility for venous sampling. The critical velocity protocol was conducted over 4 subsequent days measure (CV), comprising maximal efforts distances 100, 200, 400, 800 m a swimming pool. RBCs obtained extracted analysis using liquid chromatography—high resolution mass spectrometry untargeted approach. A total 2146 ions detected RBCs, which 119 identified. enrichment pathway indicated intermediary glycerophospholipid, glycerolipid, sphingolipid, linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic metabolisms, as well pentose glucuronate interconversions. significant impact observed glycerophospholipid metabolism, including phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, phosphatidic acid. Inverse associations PE 18:2/18:3 (r = −0.39; p 0.015), PC 18:3/20:0 −0.33; 0.041), acid 18:0/0:0 −0.47; 0.003) performance. Swimmers who exhibited higher levels also had lowest abundance PE, PC,

Language: Английский

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Advancing athletic assessment by integrating conventional methods with cutting-edge biomedical technologies for comprehensive performance, wellness, and longevity insights

Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

In modern athlete assessment, the integration of conventional biochemical and ergophysiologic monitoring with innovative methods like telomere analysis, genotyping/phenotypic profiling, metabolomics has potential to offer a comprehensive understanding athletes' performance longevity. Telomeres provide insights into cellular functioning, aging, adaptation elucidate effects training on health. Genotype/phenotype analysis explores genetic variations associated athletic performance, injury predisposition, recovery needs, enabling personalization plans interventions. Metabolomics especially focusing low-molecular weight metabolites, reveal metabolic pathways responses exercise. Biochemical tests assess key biomarkers related energy metabolism, inflammation, recovery. Essential elements depict micronutrient status individual, which is critical for optimal performance. Echocardiography provides detailed cardiac structure function, while burnout testing evaluates psychological stress, fatigue, readiness By integrating this scientific battery, multidimensional health can be achieved, leading personalized interventions in training, nutrition, supplementation, prevention, mental wellness support. This scientifically rigorous approach hereby presented holds significant improving longevity through evidence-based, individualized interventions, contributing advances field sports optimization.

Language: Английский

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The combined analysis of urine and blood metabolomics profiles provides an accurate prediction of the training and competitive status of Chinese professional swimmers

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: June 14, 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to employ metabolomics for the analysis urine metabolites in swimmers, with aim establishing models assessing their athletic status and competitive potential. Furthermore, sought compare identification efficacy multi-component (urine blood) model versus single-component or models, order determine optimal approach evaluating training status. Methods: A total 187 Chinese professional comprising 103 elite 84 sub-elite level athletes, were selected as subjects study. Urine samples obtained from each participant subjected nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. Significant screened through multivariable logistic regression analysis, an established. Based on previously established blood metabolites, compared discriminative predictive performance three models: either + model. Results: Among 39 10 found be significantly associated swimmers (p < 0.05). Of these, levels 2-KC, cis-aconitate, formate, LAC higher while 3-HIV, creatinine, 3-HIB, hippurate, pseudouridine, trigonelline lower swimmers. Notably, 2-KC 3-HIB exhibited most substantial differences. An developed estimate physical adjusting different covariates including 3-HIB. showed area under curve (AUC) 0.852 (95% CI: 0.793-0.912) discrimination. tested, combination highest than AUC 0.925 0.888-0.963). Conclusion: two can serve significant metabolic markers establish a discrimination identifying potential Combining four reported exhibiting differences resulted improved using alone. These findings indicate that combining has greater predicting

Language: Английский

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Plasma Amino Acids and Acylcarnitines Are Associated with the Female but Not Male Adolescent Swimmer’s Performance: An Integration between Mass Spectrometry and Complex Network Approaches

Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 1734 - 1734

Published: Nov. 29, 2022

The main aim of this study was to compare the performance over different distances, critical velocity (CV), and plasma acylcarnitines/amino acids male female adolescent swimmers. Moreover, we applied complex network approach identify which molecules are associated with athletes’ performances. On first day under a controlled environment, blood samples were collected after 12 h overnight fasting. Performance trials (100, 200, 400, 800-m) randomly performed in subsequent four days swimming pool, CV determined by linear distance versus time mathematical function. Metabolomic analyses carried out on triple quadrupole mass spectrometer performing electrospray ionization positive mode. No difference observed between Except for 200-m (p = 0.08), tyrosine positively significantly times during (100-m, p 0.04; 400-m, 800-m, 0.02), inversely 0.02). showed that glycine (0.406), glutamine (0.400), arginine (0.335), free carnitine (0.355), tryptophan (0.289), histidine (0.271) most influential nodes reach tyrosine. These results revealed thread must be explored further randomized/controlled designs, improving knowledge surrounding nutrition

Language: Английский

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Metabolic Phenotyping from Whole-Blood Responses to a Standardized Exercise Test May Discriminate for Physiological, Performance, and Illness Outcomes: A Pilot Study in Highly-Trained Cross-Country Skiers

Sports Medicine - Open, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Sept. 18, 2024

Abstract Background This study used metabolic phenotyping to explore the responses of highly-trained cross-country skiers a standardized exercise test, which was part athletes’ routine testing, and determine whether could discriminate specific physiological, performance, illness characteristics. Methods Twenty-three (10 women 13 men) participated in this study. Capillary whole-blood samples were collected before (at rest) 2.5 min after (post-exercise) roller-ski treadmill test consisting 5–6 × 4-min submaximal stages followed by self-paced time trial (~ 3 min) analyzed using mass spectrometry. Performance level defined International Ski Federation distance sprint rankings. Illness data prospectively for 33 weeks Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire on Health Problems. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analyses (OPLS-DA) enrichment identify phenotypes athlete groups with Results Blood metabolite significantly different compared rest metabolites involved energy, purine, nucleotide metabolism (all OPLS-DA p < 0.001). Acute changes phenotype from post-exercise athletes with: (1) higher vs. lower peak blood lactate concentrations; (2) superior inferior performance levels skiing, (3) ≥ 2 ≤ 1 self-reported episodes 33-week period 0.05). The most important contributing distinction according concentrations, frequency were: inosine, hypoxanthine, deoxycholic acid, sorbitol, adenosine monophosphate, 2-hydroxyleuroylcarnitine, glucose-6-phosphate, squalene, respectively. Conclusion Metabolic discriminated between skiing more less illnesses. While biological relevance identified biomarkers requires validation future research, shows promise as tool monitoring endurance athletes.

Language: Английский

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