Transcription factors-golden keys to modulate the plant metabolism to develop salinity tolerance

Plant Stress, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11, P. 100409 - 100409

Published: Feb. 19, 2024

Abiotic stressors such as drought, low temperature, heavy metals, waterlogging, nutrient imbalance, and salinity are major factors that affect the growth development of crop plants, which, in turn, results severe loss production yield economically important crops. Current literature backs up effect high on almost all plants. Thus, it can be concluded stress is amongst most dominant abiotic current farming systems, which counteract achieving goal "zero hunger." Consequently, there a dire need to improve plants develop tolerance for higher production, even agricultural habitats. The last few decades have established mechanistic understanding identified molecular determinants favoring Stress-responsive transcriptional control best strategy adapt alleviate stressors, especially stress. In transcription (TFs) central regulation include bZIP, WRKY, NAC, AP2/ERFBP, MYB. Studying these TFs their mechanisms facilitate modification at genetic level modify tolerance. Collectively, reports suggest enhance directly or indirectly through diverse signaling pathways. This review summarizes recent developments deciphering controlling cellular process gene expression under Finally, we highlight way forward applying genome editing technologies modulate hallmark genes circumventing

Language: Английский

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Genetic Engineering for Cereal Crop Yield Improvement and Disease Resistant Breeding

The Scientific World JOURNAL, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2025(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Genetic engineering has revolutionized the field of agriculture, providing innovative solutions to enhance crop productivity and resilience against diseases. Among various crops, cereals hold a pivotal position in global food security, feeding significant portion world population. engineering, cereal breeding, opened new avenues for yield improvement development disease-resistant varieties. Growing population climate change, traditional breeding methods alone are insufficient meet increasing demand while ensuring sustainability. offers precise efficient approach introduce desirable traits into thereby improving reducing impact One primary objectives genetic crops is potential. This can be achieved by modifying genes associated with key such as photosynthetic efficiency, stress tolerance, nutrient use efficiency. For instance, used increase efficiency light capture conversion biomass, boosting yield. Disease resistance another critical area where make impact. Pathogens pests pose constant threat leading losses. techniques allow introduction encoding diseases, those from wild relatives or other organisms. Here, evidence shows that incorporation Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize effectively controlled corn borer infestations, need chemical pesticides. not only reduces losses but also minimizes pathogen single-gene interventions.

Language: Английский

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Alternative Strategies for Multi-Stress Tolerance and Yield Improvement in Millets

Genes, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 739 - 739

Published: May 14, 2021

Millets are important cereal crops cultivated in arid and semiarid regions of the world, particularly Africa southeast Asia. Climate change has triggered multiple abiotic stresses plants that main causes crop loss worldwide, reducing average yield for most by more than 50%. Although millets tolerant to including drought high temperatures, further improvement is needed make them resilient unprecedented effects climate associated environmental stresses. Incorporation stress tolerance traits will improve their productivity marginal environments help overcoming future food shortage due change. Recently, approaches such as application plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) have been used growth development, well crops. Moreover, with advance next-generation sequencing technology, genome editing, using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas9) system increasingly develop varieties different In this paper, innate ability tolerate alternative boost resistance were thoroughly reviewed. several stress-resistant genes identified related monocots rice (Oryza sativa), wheat (Triticum aestivum), maize (Zea mays), other species which orthologs could be manipulated CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing techniques resilience productivity. These cutting-edge strategies expected bring group orphan at forefront scientific research potential contribution global security.

Language: Английский

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CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of sweet basil candidate susceptibility gene ObDMR6 enhances downy mildew resistance

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 16(6), P. e0253245 - e0253245

Published: June 10, 2021

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) is an economically important allotetraploid (2n = 4x 48) herb whose global production threatened by downy mildew disease caused the obligate biotrophic oomycete, Peronospora belbahrii. Generation of resistant cultivars mutagenesis susceptibility (S) genes via CRISPR/Cas9 currently one most promising strategies to maintain favored traits while improving resistance. Previous studies have identified Arabidopsis DMR6 (Downy Mildew Resistance 6) as S gene required for pathogenesis mildew-causing oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. In this study, a sweet homolog DMR6, designated ObDMR6, was in popular cultivar Genoveser and found exist with high copy number genome polymorphisms among variants. Two constructs expressing or two single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) targeting conserved regions ObDMR6 variants were generated used transform Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. 56 T0 lines generated, mutations detected analyzing Sanger sequencing chromatograms fragment using Interference CRISPR Edits (ICE) software. Among 54 containing targeted sites, 13 had indel percentage greater than 96% suggesting near-complete knockout (KO) ObDMR6. Three representative transgene-free KO determined ICE T1 segregating populations derived from three independent lines. The further confirmed amplicon deep sequencing. Disease assays conducted on T2 seedlings above showed reduction sporangia 61-68% compared wild-type plants 69-93% relative biomass quantitative PCR (qPCR). This study not only has varieties improved resistance, but also contributed our understanding molecular interactions basil-P.

Language: Английский

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Integrating Omics and Gene Editing Tools for Rapid Improvement of Traditional Food Plants for Diversified and Sustainable Food Security

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(15), P. 8093 - 8093

Published: July 28, 2021

Indigenous communities across the globe, especially in rural areas, consume locally available plants known as Traditional Food Plants (TFPs) for their nutritional and health-related needs. Recent research shows that many TFPs are highly nutritious they contain health beneficial metabolites, vitamins, mineral elements other nutrients. Excessive reliance on mainstream staple crops has its own disadvantages. food nowadays considered important of future can act supplementary foods burgeoning global population. They also emergency situations such COVID-19 times pandemics. The current situation necessitates alternative sustainable production. To increase cultivation or improve traits TFPs, it is essential to understand molecular basis genes regulate some components resilience biotic abiotic stresses. integrated use modern omics gene editing technologies provide great opportunities better genetic superior nutrient content, climate-resilient adaptation local agroclimatic zones. Recently, realizing importance benefits scientists have shown interest prospection sequencing improvements, mainstreaming. Integrated genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics ionomics successfully used provided a comprehensive understanding gene-protein-metabolite networks. Combined tools led successful several TFPs. This suggests there ample scope improvement In this article, we highlight importance, progress towards valuable by techniques.

Language: Английский

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Genome Editing: A Promising Approach for Achieving Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants

International Journal of Genomics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2022, P. 1 - 12

Published: April 15, 2022

The susceptibility of crop plants towards abiotic stresses is highly threatening to assure global food security as it results in almost 50% annual yield loss. To address this issue, several strategies like plant breeding and genetic engineering have been used by researchers from time time. However, these approaches are not sufficient ensure stress resilience due the complexity associated with inheritance adaptive traits. Thus, were prompted develop novel techniques high precision that can challenges connected previous strategies. Genome editing latest approach limelight for improving tolerance plants. It has revolutionized research its versatility precision. present review an update on different genome tools improvement so far various them. also highlights emerging potential developing stress-resilient crops.

Language: Английский

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Putting CRISPR-Cas system in action: a golden window for efficient and precise genome editing for crop improvement

GM crops & food, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 1 - 27

Published: June 8, 2023

The daunting task of feeding an ever-growing population is immense challenge for the contemporary scientific community, especially in view rapidly changing climate throughout world. Amidst these threatening crises, we witness rapid development genome editing (GE) technologies, revolutionizing field applied genomics and molecular breeding. Various GE tools have been developed during last two decades, but CRISPR/Cas system has most recently made a significant impact on crop improvement. major breakthroughs this versatile toolbox are genomic modifications like single base-substitutions, multiplex GE, gene regulation, screening mutagenesis, enhancing breeding wild plants. Previously, was used to modify genes related traits such as biotic/abiotic resistance/tolerance, post-harvest traits, nutritional address self-incompatibility analysis-related challenges. In present review, demonstrated functional dynamics CRISPR-based its applicability targeting accomplish novel crops. compiled knowledge will provide solid foundation highlighting primary source applying crops, achieve food security.

Language: Английский

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Advancing crop disease resistance through genome editing: a promising approach for enhancing agricultural production

Frontiers in Genome Editing, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: June 26, 2024

Modern agriculture has encountered several challenges in achieving constant yield stability especially due to disease outbreaks and lack of long-term disease-resistant crop cultivars. In the past, economically important crops had a major impact on food security economy. On other hand climate-driven emergence new pathovars or changes their host specificity further poses serious threat sustainable agriculture. At present, chemical-based control strategies are frequently used microbial pathogens pests, but they have detrimental environment also resulted development resistant phyto-pathogens. As replacement, cultivating engineered can help minimize negative regular pesticides environment. Although traditional breeding genetic engineering been instrumental improvement certain limitations such as labour intensity, time consumption, low efficiency. this regard, genome editing emerged one potential tools for improving resistance by targeting multiple traits with more accuracy For instance, techniques, CRISPR/Cas9, CRISPR/Cas13, base editing, TALENs, ZFNs, meganucleases, proved successful through targeted mutagenesis, gene knockouts, knockdowns, modifications, activation target genes. CRISPR/Cas9 is unique among these techniques because its remarkable efficacy, risk off-target repercussions, ease use. Some primary targets developing CRISPR-mediated host-susceptibility genes (the S method), (R genes) pathogen material that prevents development, broad-spectrum resistance. The use methods notably ameliorate transform agricultural practices future. This review highlights phyto-pathogens productivity. Next, we discussed while focusing editing. We provided an update accomplishments improve against bacterial, fungal viral different systems. Finally, highlighted future systems enhancing

Language: Английский

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CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis of TAS4 and MYBA7 loci in grapevine rootstock 101-14

Transgenic Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 29(3), P. 355 - 367

Published: April 23, 2020

Abstract Pierce’s disease (PD) of grapevine ( Vitis vinifera ) is caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa and vectored xylem sap-sucking insects, whereas Grapevine Red Blotch Virus (GRBV) causes Disease transmitted in laboratory alfalfa leafhopper Spissistilus festinus . The significance anthocyanin accumulations distinct tissues these pathogens unknown, but vector feeding preferences olfactory cues from host anthocyanins may be important for etiologies. Phosphate, sugar, UV light are known to regulate accumulation via miR828 Trans - Acting Small interfering locus4 TAS4 ), specifically grape production phased TAS4a/b/c small-interfering RNAs that differentially expressed target MYBA5/6/7 transcription factor transcripts post-transcriptional slicing antisense-mediated silencing. To generate materials can critically test genes’ functions PD GRBV symptoms, we produced transgenic plants targeting TAS4b MYBA7 using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We obtained five lines all with bi-allelic editing events no off-targets detected at genomic loci homology guide sequence. two independent edited lines; one bi-allelic, other heterozygous while both had fortuitous evidences TAS4a off-target paralogous locus. No visible phenotypes were observed regenerated plants, possibly due presence genetically redundant TAS4c MYBA5/6 or absence inductive environmental stress conditions. encompass single base insertions di/trinucleotide deletions Vvi TAS4a/b expected positions 3 nt upstream guideRNA proximal adjacent motifs NGG. also identified homologous recombinations lines, resulting a chimeric locus polymorphism, supporting recombination associated apparent high Cas9 activities. lack obvious pigment precluded pathogen challenge tests role resistance/tolerance mechanisms. Nonetheless, demonstrate successful genome-editing non-coding RNA MYB which serve future characterizations developmental, physiological, biotic/abiotic response pathways value-added nutraceutical synthesis responses winegrape.

Language: Английский

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Recent Progress in Enhancing Fungal Disease Resistance in Ornamental Plants

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(15), P. 7956 - 7956

Published: July 26, 2021

Fungal diseases pose a major threat to ornamental plants, with an increasing percentage of pathogen-driven host losses. In management the majority fungal primarily depends upon chemical control methods that are often non-specific. Host basal resistance, which is deficient in many plays key role combating diseases. Despite their economic importance, conventional and molecular breeding approaches plants facilitate disease resistance lagging, this predominantly due complex genomes, limited availability gene pools, degree heterozygosity. Although genetic engineering offers feasible overcome intrinsic barriers classical breeding, achievements have mainly been reported only regard modification floral attributes ornamentals. The unavailability transformation protocols candidate resources for several crops presents obstacle tackling functional studies on resistance. Recently, multiomics technologies, combination genome editing tools, provided shortcuts examine regulatory mechanisms underlying ultimately leading subsequent advances development novel cultivars desired disease-resistant traits, crops. constitute plant diseases, comprehensive overview highly important seems be insufficient field horticulture. Hence, review, we highlight representative infection-related pathogens focus Recent progress strategies, RNAi such as HIGS SIGS enhancement various crops, also described.

Language: Английский

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