The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Plant Response to Radiation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(4), P. 3346 - 3346

Published: Feb. 8, 2023

Radiation is widespread in nature, including ultraviolet radiation from the sun, cosmic and emitted by natural radionuclides. Over years, increasing industrialization of human beings has brought about more radiation, such as enhanced UV-B due to ground ozone decay, emission contamination nuclear waste power plants radioactive material industry. With additional reaching plants, both negative effects damage cell membranes, reduction photosynthetic rate premature aging benefits growth promotion stress resistance enhancement have been observed. ROS (Reactive oxygen species) are reactive oxidants plant cells, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions (O2•−) hydroxide anion radicals (·OH), which may stimulate antioxidant system act signaling molecules regulate downstream reactions. A number studies observed change cells under new technology RNA-seq molecularly revealed regulation radiative biological ROS. This review summarized recent progress on role response radiations UV, ion beam plasma, help reveal mechanisms responses radiation.

Language: Английский

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Plant Genome Editing and the Relevance of Off-Target Changes

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 183(4), P. 1453 - 1471

Published: May 26, 2020

Site-directed nucleases (SDNs) used for targeted genome editing are powerful new tools to introduce precise genetic changes into plants. Like traditional approaches, such as conventional crossing and induced mutagenesis, aims improve crop yield nutrition. Next-generation sequencing studies demonstrate that across their genomes, populations of species typically carry millions single nucleotide polymorphisms many copy number structural variants. Spontaneous mutations occur at rates ∼10

Language: Английский

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Roles of plant retinoblastoma protein: cell cycle and beyond

The EMBO Journal, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 39(19)

Published: Aug. 31, 2020

Review31 August 2020Open Access Roles of plant retinoblastoma protein: cell cycle and beyond Bénédicte Desvoyes Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain Search for more papers by this author Crisanto Gutierrez Corresponding Author [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0001-8905-8222 Information Desvoyes1 *,1 1Centro *Corresponding author. Tel: +34 911964638; E-mail: The EMBO Journal (2020)39:e105802https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2020105802 PDFDownload PDF article text main figures. ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyWechatReddit Figures & Info Abstract human (RB1) protein is a tumor suppressor that negatively regulates progression through its interaction with members the E2F/DP family transcription factors. However, RB-related (RBR) proteins are an early acquisition during eukaryote evolution present in lineages, including unicellular algae, ancient plants (ferns, lycophytes, liverworts, mosses), gymnosperms, angiosperms. RBR domains interactions E2Fs conserved all eukaryotes not only regulate G1/S transition but also G2/M transition, as part DREAM complexes. important asymmetric division, stem maintenance, DNA damage response (DDR). play crucial roles at every developmental phase association chromatin factors, well reproductive female male gametes production embryo development. Here, we review processes where role discuss possible avenues research obtain full picture multifunctional life. Introduction Formation organs, either embryogenesis animals or post-embryonically most plants, relies on continuous supply new cells. Failure properly coordinate exit into differentiation, fate frequently results abnormal growth, aberrations, transformation tumorigenesis. Strict control necessary achieve goal producing two daughter A plethora studies has demonstrated G1 S-phase, G2-to-M metaphase-to-anaphase transitions, represents key checkpoints cycle. both transitions played cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK), first fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Nurse Bissett, 1981). Later, it was shown cells contain homologs Cdc2 CDK (Lee Nurse, 1987). were found cells, their phosphorylation state being cycle-dependent (John et al, 1989). These paved way identifying Cdc2-like 1989; Feiler Jacobs, 1990; Ferreira 1991), A- B-type cyclin partners (Hata 1991; Hemerly 1992; Hirt 1992), various species. Identification CDK/cyclin targets controlling proved be difficult task, which enlightened cancer. It rare tumors, such sarcoma, harbor inactivating mutations susceptibility gene, RB1 (Friend 1986; Fung 1987; Lee suppresses proliferation can bind oncoviral SV40 large T-antigen (T-ag; DeCaprio 1988; Dyson Ludlow Moreover, phosphorylated manner CDKs (Lees 1991). Together, these led proposal regulator (Buchkovich last piece initial puzzle identification E2F (for "adenovirus gene 2 promoter-binding factor") cellular could form complexes (Chellappan other findings served establish regulators switch from quiescence (reviewed Fischer Müller, 2017). Other interactors, primarily D-type cyclins, LxCxE amino acid motif, mimicked inactivate RB1's function (DeCaprio, 2009); however, although finding motif cyclins originally valuable, recent work deleting mammalian essential (Landis 2007; Topacio 2019). Retinoblastoma Back mid-1990s, couple apparently unrelated lines reinforced hypothesis might share some kind RB/E2F regulatory module identified several species (Dahl 1995; Soni 1995), had—despite limited sequence homology cyclins—two features common them: similar expression pattern highly (Soni Riou-Khamlichi 1999). facts strongly suggested recognize case D RB1. Independently, geminiviruses, group viruses replicate single-stranded genome nucleus infected cell, trigger synthesis host nuclear upon infection (Nagar 1995). Additionally, wheat dwarf virus (WDV) monocotyledonous plant-infecting geminiviruses encode motif-containing protein, RepA (Xie Importantly, required efficient viral replication enable analogous proteins. Subsequent genes encoding retinoblastoma-related (RBR1) maize (Grafi 1996; Xie Ach 1997a), immediate follow-up cloning multiple DP factors (Ramirez-Parra 1999; Sekine Albani 2000; Magyar Ramirez-Parra Gutierrez, Kosugi Ohashi, 2002). Remarkably, Arabidopsis six types domain organization. (E2FA, B C) possesses same E2F1-5, DNA-binding dimerization domains. second (E2FD, E F, known DEL2, 1 3, respectively) unique duplicated lack allows binding absence fails activate (Kosugi 2002; Mariconti Proteins homologous atypical subsequently Trimarchi Lees, Lammens 2009). Genome-wide putative target 2003; Vandepoele 2005; Naouar 2009), list that—somewhat surprisingly time—contained bona fide genes, involved many aspects physiology, pointing RBR1. This will further discussed below. Evolutionary perspective availability genomes revealed presence RBR-, E2F-, DP-encoding analyzed so far detail Gutzat 2014; 2014). conclusion genomic data appearance RBR-E2F/DP preceded branches multicellularity occurred ~800 million years ago, since organisms Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Umen Goodenough, 2001) Ostreococcus tauri (Robbens 2005), colonial algae Volvox carteri (Kianianmomeni 2008; Fig 1). Within multicellular them, notably, possess different functions (Fig 1; see discussion below); detailed how evolved animals, please refer (Desvoyes likely may have specific lineages. Thus, contrary dicotyledonous single RBR1 rice major subfamilies: one whose negative regulation cycle, e.g., RBR2, another endosperm development, RBR3 RBR4 (Sabelli Sabelli Larkins, 2006; Lendvai 2007). Figure 1. Phylogenetic relationships RB representative animal lineagesHomo sapiens (Human, mammal); Drosophila melanogaster (Artropoda); (Algae, unicellular); colonial); Azolla filliculoides (Fern); Selaginella moellendorffii (Lycophyte); Marchantia polymorpha (Liverwort); Physcomytrella patents (Moss); Pinus silvestris (Gymnosperm); thaliana (Angiosperm, dicotyledonous); Zea mays monocotyledonous). Download figure PowerPoint current consistent idea invention already eukaryotic ancestor (LECA; RBR/E2F-DP been lost Ulvophyceae (De Clerck 2018), eukaryotes, S. cerevisiae lacking related use pathways progression. In cerevisiae, Whi5 (Jorgensen 2002), RBR1, seems functions, whereby increased Cdk activity associated Cln3 mediates activation factor heterodimer Swi4/Swi6, SBF. Like proteins, SBF, Cdk/Cln3 frees SBF (de Bruin 2004; Costanzo 2004). evolutionary reinforce usefulness comparative pathways. Plant states As expected origin, counterparts relatively high degree but, importantly, organization functional includes N-terminal domain, central A/B forms "pocket," C-terminal 2). groove LxCxE-containing together (Rubin 2005). addition, intrinsically disordered regions between majority domain. remarkable sites, T373, driving globular structure region, S608, prevents E2F, described (Burke 2010). 2. Domain familyDomain comparing three (RB1, p107, p130) (Arabidopsis MAT3). (green) defining "pocket" positions indicated. consensus sites (empty circles) Those experimentally (closed red circles). Data taken UNIPROT database (Hansen 2001; Farkas Rubin, 2013; Willems 2020). locations, individual yet known. spite this, there reports overall mechanism mediating involves containing Nakagami 1999, Boniotti Gutiérrez Godínez-Palma 2017) CDKA CDKB (Boniotti Kawamura 2006). cycle-regulated highest mid-G1 until Sanchez Hirano Nowack 2012), G2 mediated CDKB1;1 (Kawamura 2012). activities suppressed inhibitors Kip-related (KRPs; Pettkó-Szandtner RBR1/CDK/cyclin ternary remain bound throughout (Olson 2010), corroborated plants. connection RBR-E2F/DP-CDK/cyclin PCNA inhibited co-expression inhibition counteracted additional (Uemukai Shimizu-Sato 2008). Antibodies detecting residues RB1, pS807/pS811, useful identify accumulate after and, particular, (Abrahám 2011; Polit interesting detected interphase granules 2011), relevance foci remains determined. Proteomic vivo T406, S652, S911 (Reiland 2009; residues, future challenge. determination, exemplified niche root apical meristem (RAM; Cruz-Ramirez 2012; below). substrate kinases, PIP5K (Dieck 2012) S6K (Henriques 2010, 2013), cases mechanistic implications fully understood. green orthologs yeasts had initially linked multicellularity. however ruled out alga Fang organism operates peculiar division mother grows much than twice size, reaching critical size then undergoes cycles S-phases mitoses produce typical organism. does length G1, instead acts counter number mitotic divisions, process depends 2006), SUMO peptidase (Fang Umen, 2008), G-type (Li 2016). periodic independent RBR, altogether suggesting control, rather G1. Non-cell carteri, gender-specific up four differentially spliced products Hallmann, Ferris still need delineated. Transcriptional waves controlled transcriptional distinguished phases, S-phase progression, respectively. RBR1-E2F evidence demonstrate complexes, counteracting (KRPs proteins), participation remodeling enzymes, histone acetyl transferases (HATs), subsequent recruitment RNA polymerase II promoters (Fischer High levels E2FA/DPA E2FC/DPB lead misregulation abnormalities Veylder del Pozo 2002, Modest overexpression E2FA CYCD3 directly affects E2FC counteract E2FA-mediated upregulation (see G2, Furthermore, wall biogenesis Jager 2009) E2FF/DEL3 Direct CDKA;1 using cdka;1 mutants able rescue rbr1 mutant phenotype (Nowack exclusively regulated CDKA;1, RBR1-interacting kinase phosphorylating repressing inhibiting E2FB 2013). Interestingly, stable repressor complex E2FB. area, differentiation CCS52A1 CCS52A2 (encoding activators anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C)), repressed under conditions D/CDK (Magyar upstream included KRP inhibitors, formed seven Arabidopsis, F-box-like FBL17 (Kim Zhao Noir 2015). itself RBR1/E2F pathway time (as subunit SCF ubiquitin ligase) degradation downstream CDT1a SIAMESE (SIM) SIAMESE-RELATED (SMR), SMRs TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR) signaling (Ahmad 2019; Barrada Therefore, RBR1-mediated redundant ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent degradation, finely balance 3A B). 3. Role cycle(A) Genes E2F-DP heterodimers located (grey box). They deacetylases (HDAC). At stage, CDKA-cyclin inactivated (KRPs). E2FA-C, partners, participate targets. Later when CYCD sufficiently high, phosphorylates (small leaving free transactivate acetylases (HAT) (Pol II). (B) RBR1-DREAM participates Briefly, state, while inactive, MYB3R3 MYB promoter (white boxes). switches activator MYB3R4 incorporated details composition function). parts multimeric dREAM flies RBF, E2f2 Multi-vulval interacting proteins; Lewis 2004), mammals (Litovchick 2007), DRM C. elegans (Harrison DREAM-like (Kobayashi master repress quiescent pocket p130 p107 (while restricted targets) MuvB core components (LIN-9, LIN-37, LIN-52, LIN-54 RBBP4). repression modes, dependent E2F4/5 component recognizes called "cell region" (CHR), genes. S-G2 phase, Muv-Myb mitosis, assembled B-MYB forkhead FOXM1 (Sadasivam DeCaprio, contrast, contains alongside orthologues elements B), mass spectrometry experiments 2015; 2017; Horvath 2017): ALY2 ALY3 (ALWAYS EARLY proteins) LIN-9, TCX5 (Tesmin/TSO1-like CXC protein) orthologous LIN54, MSI1 (MULTI-COPY SUPRESSOR IRA1) RBBP4. While LIN-37 LIN-52 E2FC/B, DPA/B, (suggestive potential activity), DREAM. MYB3R 2015), MYB3R1 regulating CYCLIN KNOLLE (Haga 2007, 2011). MSA (Mitosis-specific activator) tobacco BY-2 (Ito 1998). Analysis myb3r3, myb3r5 double (myb3R3/5) showed proliferative mature tissues, supporting G2. triple myb3R1/3/5 exhibits enlarged organs resulting proliferation, revealing MYB3R3/5 repressors dual Chromatin immunoprecipitation respectively, hinting existence distinct fact, mostly coincide S-phase- G2/M-regulated (Bouyer 2018). DP, acting G2/M, situation regard, worth noting contrast requires CDKB-type (Boudolf Additional genetic interactions. For example, loss-of-function TSO1 (Andersen causing overproliferation meristems defects flower myb3r1 mutation myb3r4 mutation, no direct (Wang appear extend study, MET1, CMT3, DDM1, KYP, VIMs maintenance methylation (Ning paralogue TCX6, tcx5, tcx6 methylation, CHG sites. Another study SOL1/TCX3 SOL2/TCX2, SPEECHLESS TSO1-like family, stomatal lineage lineage). hypothesized they compete (Simmons 2019), TSO1/MYB3R1 SOL1/SOL2 lacking. Interplay Early parallel those provided insightful information about relevance. interact MSI1, homolog RbAp46/48 (Ach 1997b; Lusser Rossi 2001), deacetylase (HDAC) Rpd3 (Rossi 2003). Independent flowering cold stress MSI4 (encoded FVE gene), interacts HDACs (Ausin Kim Pazhouhandeh fve show acetylation silencing transposable (the latter affected RBR1), effects cytosine (mC) CHH (Gu Xu Participation mC implies imprinting, removing marks. Consistent demethylase DEMETER (DME) represses MET1 (METHYLTRANSFERASE 1), (Jullien Further support euchromatic TE comes genome-wide mapping colocalize largely previously DREAM; Bouyer TEs amplified ~85% heterochromatin Brassicaceae (Henaff addition levels, plays polycomb (PcG) chromatin. physical PRC2 (polycomb-repressive 2) FIE, CLF, VNR2 (Mosquna Guitton Berger, 2005a; Johnston Defects RBR1-PRC2 result phenotypes gametophyte development (Johnston 2008, elucidation mechanisms awaits Kuwabara Gruissem, (DDR) responses general strategies, exhibit features. ATM ATR pathways, DDR plant-specific SOG1, epigenetic modifiers Kim, Nisa hint came observation marked variant H2AX (γH2AX) contained depended intact RBR1-binding (Lang Upon damage, recruited γH2AX ATM- ATR-dependent (Horvath stimulated plant-sp

Language: Английский

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Non-Thermal Plasma—A New Green Priming Agent for Plants?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(24), P. 9466 - 9466

Published: Dec. 12, 2020

Since the earliest agricultural attempts, humankind has been trying to improve crop quality and yields, as well protect them from adverse conditions. Strategies meet these goals include breeding, use of fertilisers, genetic manipulation crops, but also an interesting phenomenon called priming or adaptive response. Priming is based on application mild stress prime a plant for another, mostly stronger stress. There are many techniques, such osmopriming, halopriming, using physical agents. Non-thermal plasma (NTP) represents agent that contains mixture charged, neutral, radical (mostly reactive oxygen nitrogen species) particles, can cause oxidative even death cells organisms upon interaction. However, under certain conditions, NTP have opposite effect, which previously documented species. Seed surface sterilization growth enhancement most-reported positive effects plants. Moreover, some studies suggest role promising agent. This review deals with treatment plants interaction seed cell surface, influence cellular molecular processes, up response caused by NTP.

Language: Английский

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Cell cycle checkpoint control in response to DNA damage by environmental stresses

The Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 109(3), P. 490 - 507

Published: Nov. 6, 2021

SUMMARY Being sessile organisms, plants are ubiquitously exposed to stresses that can affect the DNA replication process or cause damage. To cope with these problems, utilize damage response (DDR) pathways, consisting of both highly conserved and plant‐specific elements. As a part this DDR, cell cycle checkpoint control mechanisms either pause cycle, allow repair, lead cells into differentiation programmed death, prevent transmission errors in organism through mitosis its offspring via meiosis. The two major DDR checkpoints G2/M transition. latter is largely overseen by SOG1 transcription factor, which drives activity cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors MYB3R proteins, rate limiting for By contrast, controlled different players, including WEE1 likely transcriptional repressor RBR1. These called upon during developmental processes, retrograde signaling biotic abiotic stresses, metal toxicity, cold, salinity, phosphate deficiency. Additionally, recent expansion research from Arabidopsis other model has revealed species‐specific aspects DDR. Overall, it becoming evidently clear represent an important aspect adaptation changing environment, hence gaining more knowledge about topic might be helpful increase resilience climate change.

Language: Английский

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Chromatin remodeling factors regulate environmental stress responses in plants

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 63(3), P. 438 - 450

Published: Jan. 15, 2021

Abstract Environmental stress from climate change and agricultural activity threatens global plant biodiversity as well crop yield quality. As sessile organisms, plants must maintain the integrity of their genomes adjust gene expression to adapt various environmental changes. In eukaryotes, nucleosomes are basic unit chromatin around which genomic DNA is packaged by condensation. To enable dynamic access DNA, eukaryotes have evolved Snf2 (sucrose nonfermenting 2) family proteins remodeling factors (CHRs) that modulate position on chromatin. During responses, CHRs recruited specific loci, where they regulate distribution or composition nucleosomes, in turn alters accessibility these loci general transcription damage repair machinery. Moreover, interplay with other epigenetic mechanisms, including methylation, histone modifications, deposition variants. also involved RNA processing at post‐transcriptional level. this review, we discuss major advances our understanding mechanisms function during plants’ response stress.

Language: Английский

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Efficient microalgal lipid production driven by salt stress and phytohormones synergistically

Bioresource Technology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 367, P. 128270 - 128270

Published: Nov. 5, 2022

Language: Английский

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How Do Plants Cope with DNA Damage? A Concise Review on the DDR Pathway in Plants

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 2404 - 2404

Published: Jan. 26, 2023

DNA damage is induced by many factors, some of which naturally occur in the environment. Because their sessile nature, plants are especially exposed to unfavorable conditions causing damage. In response this damage, DDR (DNA response) pathway activated. This highly conserved between eukaryotes; however, there plant-specific elements, such as SOG1-a transcription factor that a central regulator plants. general, signaling activates transcriptional and epigenetic regulators orchestrate cell cycle arrest repair mechanisms upon The halts give time damaged before replication. If successful, reactivated. However, if fail lesions accumulate, enters apoptotic pathway. Thereby proper maintenance crucial for survive. It particularly important agronomically species because exposure environmental stresses leads growth inhibition yield reduction. Thereby, gaining knowledge regarding crops may have huge agronomic impact-it be useful breeding new cultivars more tolerant stresses. review, we characterize different genotoxic agents mode action, describe activation summarize

Language: Английский

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Stress Management in Plants: Examining Provisional and Unique Dose-Dependent Responses

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(6), P. 5105 - 5105

Published: March 7, 2023

The purpose of this review is to critically evaluate the effects different stress factors on higher plants, with particular attention given typical and unique dose-dependent responses that are essential for plant growth development. Specifically, highlights impact genome instability, including DNA damage molecular, physiological, biochemical mechanisms generate these effects. We provide an overview current understanding predictable trends in survival when exposed low or high doses stress. Understanding both negative positive impacts responses, can insights into how plants react levels stress, yielding more accurate predictions their behavior natural environment. Applying acquired knowledge lead improved crop productivity potential development resilient varieties, ensuring a sustainable food source rapidly growing global population.

Language: Английский

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Chronic Ionizing Radiation of Plants: An Evolutionary Factor from Direct Damage to Non-Target Effects

Plants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 1178 - 1178

Published: March 4, 2023

In present times, the levels of ionizing radiation (IR) on surface Earth are relatively low, posing no high challenges for survival contemporary life forms. IR derives from natural sources and naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM), nuclear industry, medical applications, as a result disasters or tests. current review, we discuss modern radioactivity, its direct indirect effects different plant species, scope protection plants. We an overview molecular mechanisms responses in plants, which leads to tempting conjecture evolutionary role limiting factor land colonization diversification rates. The hypothesis-driven analysis available genomic data suggests overall DNA repair gene families’ depletion plants compared ancestral groups, overlaps with decrease exposure millions years ago. potential contribution chronic combination other environmental factors is discussed.

Language: Английский

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