Inflammatory pathways in COVID‐19: Mechanism and therapeutic interventions

MedComm, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(3)

Published: Aug. 1, 2022

The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has become a global crisis. In the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 infection induces an excessive inflammatory response in patients, causing cytokine storm severe cases. Cytokine leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary and other multiorgan failure, which is important cause COVID-19 progression even death. Among them, activation pathways major factor generating storms dysregulated immune responses, closely related severity viral infection. Therefore, elucidation signaling pathway providing otential therapeutic targets treatment strategies against COVID-19. Here, we discuss pathogenesis including induction, function, downstream signaling, as well existing potential interventions targeting these cytokines or pathways. We believe that comprehensive understanding regulatory dysregulation inflammation will help develop better clinical therapy effectively control diseases, such

Language: Английский

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The role of immune activation and antigen persistence in acute and long COVID

Journal of Investigative Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 71(5), P. 545 - 562

Published: March 6, 2023

In late 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) triggered the global disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Although most infections cause a self-limited comparable to other upper viral pathogens, portion of individuals develop illness leading substantial morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, an estimated 10%–20% SARS-CoV-2 are followed by post-acute sequelae COVID-19 (PASC), or long COVID. Long COVID is associated with wide variety clinical manifestations including cardiopulmonary complications, persistent fatigue, neurocognitive dysfunction. Severe hyperactivation increased inflammation, which may be underlying in subset individuals. However, immunologic mechanisms driving development still under investigation. Early pandemic, our group others observed immune dysregulation persisted into convalescence after COVID-19. We subsequently cohort experiencing demonstrated SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 + CD8 T-cell responses antibody affinity patients symptoms. These data suggest symptoms due chronic activation presence antigen. This review summarizes literature date detailing how these observations relate addition, we discuss recent findings support antigen evidence that this phenomenon contributes local systemic inflammation heterogeneous nature seen

Language: Английский

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Laboratory Findings and Biomarkers in Long COVID: What Do We Know So Far? Insights into Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Therapeutic Perspectives and Challenges

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(13), P. 10458 - 10458

Published: June 21, 2023

Long COVID (LC) encompasses a constellation of long-term symptoms experienced by at least 10% people after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, and so far it has affected about 65 million people. The etiology LC remains unclear; however, many pathophysiological pathways may be involved, including viral persistence; chronic, low-grade inflammatory response; immune dysregulation defective reactivation latent viruses; autoimmunity; persistent endothelial dysfunction coagulopathy; gut dysbiosis; hormonal metabolic dysregulation; mitochondrial dysfunction; autonomic nervous system dysfunction. There are no specific tests for diagnosis LC, clinical features laboratory findings biomarkers not specifically relate to LC. Therefore, is paramount importance develop validate that can employed prediction, prognosis its therapeutic response, although this effort hampered challenges pertaining non-specific nature majority manifestations in spectrum, small sample sizes relevant studies other methodological issues. Promising candidate found some patients markers systemic inflammation, acute phase proteins, cytokines chemokines; reflecting persistence, herpesviruses endotheliopathy, coagulation fibrinolysis; microbiota alterations; diverse proteins metabolites; biomarkers; cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. At present, there only two reviews summarizing they do cover entire umbrella current biomarkers, their link etiopathogenetic mechanisms or diagnostic work-up comprehensive manner. Herein, we aim appraise synopsize available evidence on typical classification based pathogenetic main symptomatology frame epidemiological aspects syndrome furthermore assess limitations as well potential implications interventions.

Language: Английский

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Associations of diabetes, hypertension and obesity with COVID-19 mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Global Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(12), P. e012581 - e012581

Published: Dec. 1, 2023

Introduction Despite a growing body of scholarly research on the risks severe COVID-19 associated with diabetes, hypertension and obesity, there is need for estimating pooled risk estimates adjustment confounding effects. We conducted systematic review meta-analysis to estimate adjusted ratios obesity mortality. Methods searched 16 literature databases original studies published between 1 December 2019 31 2020. used adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Scale assess bias. Pooled were estimated based effect sizes. applied random-effects account uncertainty in residual heterogeneity. contour-funnel plots Egger’s test possible publication Results reviewed 34 830 records identified search, which 145 included meta-analysis. 1.43 (95% CI 1.32 1.54), 1.19 1.09 1.30) 1.39 1.27 1.52) (body mass index ≥30 kg/m 2 ) mortality, respectively. The appeared be stronger before April 2020, Western Pacific Region, low- middle-income countries, countries low Global Health Security Index scores, when compared their counterparts. Conclusions Diabetes, an increased mortality independent other known factors, particularly low-resource settings. Addressing these chronic diseases could important global pandemic preparedness prevention. PROSPERO registration number CRD42021204371.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 and Lung Cancer Survival: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cancers, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(22), P. 5706 - 5706

Published: Nov. 21, 2022

Introduction: The outbreak of COVID-19 poses an unprecedented challenge to global public health. Patients with cancer are at a higher risk during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. lung and were compared those without other malignancies for main outcome this study. aim study was evaluate differences in susceptibility, disease severity, mortality between patients general population. Methods: Using PRISMA reporting guidelines, we conducted systematic review meta-analysis published literature. Cochrane Library database, PubMed, EMBASE, PubMed Central comprehensively searched papers until 31 May 2022. A pooled ratio (OR) 95% CI presented as result meta-analysis. Results: We included 29 studies involved 21,257 infection. Analysis data showed that significantly than (HR = 2.00 [95%CI 1.52, 2.63], p < 0.01) or 1.91 1.53, 2.39], 0.01). In addition, also observed severe infection terms life-threatening required ICU admission/mechanical ventilation 1.47 1.06, 2.03], 0.02) no malignancies. Regarding factor acquiring infection, could not reach statistical significance (hazard [HR] =2.73 0.84, 8.94], 0.1). Conclusion: Lung represents important comorbidity modifies prognosis severity mortality. More experience even fatal events. Considering their inherent fragility, cancer, generally all oncological populations, should be treated more carefully

Language: Английский

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The PHH-1V HIPRA vaccine: a new tool in the vaccination strategy against COVID-19

Revista Española de Quimioterapia, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 36(5), P. 507 - 515

Published: June 12, 2023

Objectives. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is essential to mitigate the personal, social and global impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as we move from a pandemic an endemic phase. Vaccines are now required that offer broad, long-lasting immunological protection infection in addition severe illness hospitalisation. Here present review evidence base for new COVID-19 vaccine, PHH-1V (Bimervax®; HIPRA HUMAN HEALTH S.L.U), results expert consensus. Materials methods. The committee consisted Spanish experts medicine, family paediatrics, immunology, microbiology, nursing, veterinary medicine. Consensus was achieved using 4-phase process consisting face-to-face meeting during which scientific reviewed, online questionnaire elicit opinions on value PHH-1V, second update discuss evolution epidemiological situation, vaccine programmes final at consensus achieved. Results. agreed constitutes valuable novel development vaccination aimed towards protecting population disease. based broad-spectrum efficacy established emerging variants, potent response, good safety profile. physicochemical properties formulation facilitate handling storage appropriate uptake. Conclusions. properties, formulation, immunogenicity low reactogenic profile confirm appropriateness this vaccine.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 Rapidly Infects Peripheral Sensory and Autonomic Neurons, Contributing to Central Nervous System Neuroinvasion before Viremia

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(15), P. 8245 - 8245

Published: July 28, 2024

Neurological symptoms associated with COVID-19, acute and long term, suggest SARS-CoV-2 affects both the peripheral central nervous systems (PNS/CNS). Although studies have shown olfactory hematogenous invasion into CNS, coinciding neuroinflammation, little attention has been paid to susceptibility of PNS infection or its contribution CNS invasion. Here we show that sensory autonomic neurons in are susceptible productive outline physiological molecular mechanisms mediating neuroinvasion. Our K18-hACE2 mice, wild-type golden Syrian hamsters, as well primary neuronal cultures, viral RNA, proteins, infectious virus neurons, satellite glial cells, functionally connected tissues. Additionally, demonstrate, vitro, neuropilin-1 facilitates entry. rapidly invades prior viremia, establishes a results often reported by COVID-19 patients.

Language: Английский

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Anti-neuronal antibodies against brainstem antigens are associated with COVID-19

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 83, P. 104211 - 104211

Published: Aug. 11, 2022

Language: Английский

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Tracking Survivors With Long COVID: Method, Implementation, and Results of an Observational Study

Research in Nursing & Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

While the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has declined, many survivors continue to suffer debilitating symptoms, such as fatigue, pain, and foggy thoughts. Sustained COVID-19 or Long COVID, challenge health care resources economic recovery. This article describes methodology, implementation, results of an observational study investigating how time since diagnosis may affect lingering symptoms among adult population. The descriptive distribution overall experience by individuals' characteristics were examined. Random samples from two patient cohorts (n = 147 in 2020-2021 n 137 2021-2022) recruited a registry mid-Michigan. Samples drawn pool patients ≥ 3 months following their diagnosis. Overall (number, severity, interference) was self-reported using comprehensive symptom inventory. findings showed that 66% cohort 47% 2021-2022 reported 1 with average 11.2 (±3.0) 8.9 (±3.3) months, respectively, after Females significantly more (p 0.018), higher severity 0.008) interference 0.007) compared males. Compared admitted emergency departments, outpatients lower 0.020) less 0.018). Our analyses moderate proportion (43%) adults remained symptomatic nearly year infection did not either cohort. Female sex admission setting are important factors consider for managing studying COVID.

Language: Английский

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National Trends in Stroke Presentation, Treatments, and Outcomes During the First 2 Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Neurology Clinical Practice, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2)

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Early presentation and acute treatment for patients presenting with ischemic stroke are associated improved outcomes. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic was a large decrease in stroke, but it is unknown whether these changes persisted. This study analyzed emergency department (ED) presentations (n = 158,060) to all nonfederal hospitals 50 states Washington, D.C., from 2019 through 2021 using administrative claims data traditional fee-for-service Medicare enrollees aged 66 years or older. Patients were identified ICD-10 CM (I63.X). We examined number beneficiaries ED, both overall by demographic categories (race, age, sex, region, Medicaid eligibility, comorbidity status), admission rates conditional on presentation, use neurovascular interventions, thirty-day mortality, intensive care unit mechanical ventilation use, length stay, discharge destination. With March 2020, there drop 32.1% ED compared levels, December 2021, rate remained 17.7% lower than baseline levels 2019. Relative prepandemic period, decreases proportions those dually eligible (-0.8%, p < 0.0001) Black 0.0001), as well atrial fibrillation (-1.1%, hypertension (-0.7%, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (-1.8%, 0.0001). Admitted more often discharged home opposed postacute settings (+3.5%, percentage receiving intravenous thrombolysis changed minimally while intracranial thrombectomy (+17.8%, carotid interventions (+6.9%, increased throughout pandemic. Adjusted mortality referral hospice (+1.81%, larger increases seen among Medicaid. After an initial sharp decline, substantially at end especially racial minority observed may have resulted later time after symptoms preferential vs less severe strokes.

Language: Английский

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