Animal board invited review: An update on the methods for semen quality evaluation in swine – from farm to the lab

animal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 100720 - 100720

Published: Jan. 25, 2023

Pig breeding is mainly conducted through artificial insemination with liquid-stored semen. It is, therefore, crucial to ensure that sperm quality over the standard thresholds, as reduced motility, morphology or plasma membrane integrity are associated farrowing rates and litter sizes. This work aims summarise methods utilised in farms research laboratories evaluate pigs. The conventional spermiogram consists assessment of concentration, motility morphology, which most estimated variables farms. Yet, while determination these parameters enough for prepare seminal doses, other tests, usually carried out specialised laboratories, may be required when boar studs exhibit a decreased reproductive performance. These include evaluation functional parameters, such fluidity, intracellular levels calcium reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial activity, acrosome integrity, using fluorescent probes flow cytometry. Furthermore, chromatin condensation DNA despite not being routinely assessed, also help determine causes fertilising capacity. Sperm can evaluated direct (Comet, transferase deoxynucleotide nick end labelling (TUNEL) its situ variant) indirect tests (Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay, Dispersion Test), whereas determined Chromomycin A3. Considering high degree packaging pig sperm, only have protamine 1, growing evidence suggests complete decondensation needed before fragmentation TUNEL Comet examined.

Language: Английский

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The impact of environmental and boar breed factors on the quality of semen used for artificial insemination in Tanzania

Applied Veterinary Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3(3), P. 2024012 - 2024012

Published: Feb. 16, 2025

Semen production among commercial boar centers is influenced by various factors, including environmental temperature, humidity, breed, age, nutrition, and frequency of collection. This study aimed to investigate the effects humidity on quality semen used for artificial insemination (AI) in Tanzania. Ninety ejaculates were collected from six boars, with two boars representing each Duroc, Large White, Dupi breeds. samples via gloved hand technique, individual temperatures measured a digital infrared thermometer. The temperature recorded meteorological devices. assessed volume, sperm concentration, progressive motility, viability, morphology, acrosomal integrity. data was stored Microsoft Excel analyzed SPSS software. mean standard deviation pH, integrity per ejaculate 167.78 ± 67.31 ml, 7.27 0.48, 2.54x10⁸ 9.05×10⁶ sperm/mL, 91.58 5.60%, 86.91 5.85%, 93.84± 2.34%, 90.04 4.76%, respectively. Temperature negatively impacted acrosome White no Duroc positive relationship boars. associated viability concluded that are more tolerant suggesting need breed-specific management strategies increase tropical swine industry.

Language: Английский

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Assessment of Boar Semen Morphology and Morphometry

Methods in molecular biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 43 - 61

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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What is the importance of sperm subpopulations?

Animal Reproduction Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 246, P. 106844 - 106844

Published: Sept. 11, 2021

The study of sperm subpopulations spans three decades. origin, meaning, and practical significance, however, are less clear. Current technology for assessing morphology (CASA-Morph) motility (CASA-Mot) has enabled the accurate evaluation these features, there many options data classification. Subpopulations could occur as a result stage development each spermatozoon in subpopulation. Spermatogenesis might contribute to production subpopulations. Insights from evolutionary biology recent molecular research indicative diversity among male gametes that unequal sharing transcripts other elements through cytoplasmic bridges between spermatids. Sperm cohorts exiting gonads would contain different RNA protein contents, affecting physiology associations with surrounding environmental milieu. Subsequently, differences affect how spermatozoa interact milieu (maturation, mixing seminal plasma, interacting milieu, or female genital tract gamete). emergence an outcome evolution, related reproductive strategies species, structures, copulatory fertilization processes. This kind approach determining importance capacity should have impact conducting technologies, inspiring enabling new ways more efficient use medical, animal breeding, conservation fields. manuscript is contribution Special Issue memory Dr. Duane Garner.

Language: Английский

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The Distribution of Boars Spermatozoa in Morphometrically Distinct Subpopulations after In Vitro Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation at 2500 MHz and Their Motility

Animals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 828 - 828

Published: March 7, 2024

Anthropogenic radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) from wireless technologies has increased dramatically. The boar semen used for artificial insemination is essential in sustaining the pig industry, and additionally it also exposed to effects of RF-EMR technologies. Furthermore, there are no data on quality, this first analysis sperm’s morphometric parameters assessing effect spermatozoa subpopulations boars. This study investigated vitro breeding motility proportions according their head tail parameters. samples 12 boars were divided into control experimental groups. group a gigahertz transverse chamber at frequency 2500 MHz (the band 5G technology) an electric field strength 10 Vm−1 two hours. After exposure, was evaluated both A smears performed using SFORM software (Version 1.0; VAMS, Zagreb, Croatia). progressive significantly reduced (74.7% vs. 85.7%). PC cluster revealed subpopulations: S1, with more regular shape smaller midpiece outline, S2, elongated larger outline. had greater proportion S1 subpopulation (68.2% 64.4%). resulted decreased lower higher fertilizing potential.

Language: Английский

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Artificial intelligence and porcine breeding

Animal Reproduction Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 269, P. 107538 - 107538

Published: June 18, 2024

Livestock management is evolving into a new era, characterized by the analysis of vast quantities data (big data) collected from both traditional breeding methods and technologies such as sensors, automated monitoring system, advanced analytics. Artificial intelligence (A-In), which refers to capability machines mimic human intelligence, including subfields like machine learning deep learning, playing pivotal role in this transformation. A wide array A-In techniques, successfully employed various industrial scientific contexts, are now being integrated mainstream livestock practices. In case swine breeding, while have yielded considerable success, increasing amount information requires adoption drive productivity, enhance animal welfare, reduce environmental impact. Current findings suggest that these techniques potential match or exceed performance methods, often more scalable terms efficiency sustainability within industry. This review provides insights application porcine perspectives sows (including welfare reproductive management) boars semen quality health), explores approaches already applied other species.

Language: Английский

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Analysis of changes in the morphological structures of sperm during preservation of liquid boar semen in two different seasons of the year

Animal Reproduction Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 256, P. 107297 - 107297

Published: July 14, 2023

Animal fertility is the result of a combination genetic, physiological and environmental factors. Assessment semen quality plays key role in determining reproductive performance boars. The aim study was to determine effect two seasons year on morphology, morphometry, cell membrane integrity mitochondrial activity sperm during storage liquid boar at 17 °C. carried out using 20 Four ejaculates were collected from each year. All tests five times: 1, 24, 48, 96 168 h storage. results showed that summer are more sensitive conditions than those obtained winter. percentage with morphological defects shown increase time diluted ejaculates, particularly between preservation. In summer, an intact high potential much lower winter, every hour case boars used for artificial insemination, it worth taking into account season when collected, especially if be stored form. structures should implemented insemination stations often summer.

Language: Английский

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Morphometric Differences in Sperm Subpopulations in Frozen-Thawed Semen of Two Bovine Subspecies

Published: Aug. 22, 2024

[Objetive] The objective of the present study was to characterize different sperm subpopulations based on morphometric parameters frozen-thawed semen in two bovine subspecies using a CASA system. [Methodology] experiment carried out at Costa Rica Institute Technology from May December 2023. Spermatozoa 10 bulls (five animals each species Bos taurus and indicus) were evaluated after thawing doses by an ISAS®v1, computer-assisted analysis (CASA)-Morph Sub-populations head spermatozoa characterized multivariate procedures such as principal components (PCs) clustering methods (k-means model) [Results] ejaculate male exhibits significant heterogeneity comprises diverse with differing patterns. Three identified three PCs: t size, shape, symmetry degree which it pyriform. proportions varied two-bovine subspecies; indicus. Results indicated that SP1, SP2, SP3 for PC criteria these differences relevant. variability morphometry assessments underscores need standardize evaluation protocols [Conclusions] These findings highlight importance knowing diversity between both improve vitro tests distinguish subspecies.

Language: Английский

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Kinetic vitrification: concepts and perspectives in animal sperm cryopreservation

Animal Reproduction, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(2)

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Sperm cryopreservation is an important tool for genetic diversity management programs and the conservation of endangered breeds species. The most widely used method sperm slow freezing, however, during process, cells suffer from cryoinjury, which reduces their viability fertility rates. One alternatives to freezing vitrification, that consist on rapid in viable undergo glass-like solidification. This technology requires large concentrations permeable cryoprotectants (P- CPA’s) increase viscosity medium prevent intracellular ice formation cooling warming, obtaining successful results vitrification oocytes embryos. Unfortunately, this failed when applied due its higher sensitivity increasing P-CPAs. Alternatively, a technique termed ‘kinetic vitrification’ has been consists permeant cryoprotectant-free by direct plunging suspension into liquid nitrogen. Some advantages kinetic are speed execution no rate-controlled equipment required. successfully with better motility human (50-70% recovery), dog (42%), fish (82%) donkey (21.7%). However, more studies required improve after devitrification, especially it comes recovery. objective review present principles main findings literature, perspectives utilization as method.

Language: Английский

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Development of a biomolecular approach to identify sperm functions and fertility using sperm RNAs

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Dec. 5, 2023

Infertility affects a significant percentage of couples worldwide, and male factors contribute significantly to this problem. Traditional assessments fertility rely primarily on parameters such as sperm motility, morphology, viability, concentration. However, these metrics often do not provide comprehensive understanding function, which is critical only for fertilization but also successful embryo development. Herein, we used porcine spermatozoa model investigate the potential RNA markers in assessing various aspects function from motility fertility. Using artificial insemination, evaluated based litter size sows inseminated with 20 boars. In addition, measured weaning rate, death births, live mummy births. Sperm functional parameters, including kinematics, were assessed before after vitro capacitation. Finally, correlations between explored. Our results revealed interesting relationships parameters. While kinematics correlated, they correlated capacitation status. Surprisingly, no found specific status rate highlighting their importance predicting fertilization. Further analysis identified genes related fertility, IZUMO1, known its role sperm-egg fusion. These showed capacitation, shedding light roles function. conclusion, our study demonstrates that hold promise diagnosis prognosis providing valuable insights into infertility. may serve diagnostic tools improve problems, ultimately benefiting struggling

Language: Английский

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