Origin of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance, and Their Impacts on Drug Development: A Narrative Review

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(11), P. 1615 - 1615

Published: Nov. 15, 2023

Antibiotics have revolutionized medicine, saving countless lives since their discovery in the early 20th century. However, origin of antibiotics is now overshadowed by alarming rise antibiotic resistance. This global crisis stems from relentless adaptability microorganisms, driven misuse and overuse antibiotics. article explores subsequent emergence It delves into mechanisms employed bacteria to develop resistance, highlighting dire consequences drug including compromised patient care, increased mortality rates, escalating healthcare costs. The elucidates latest strategies against drug-resistant encompassing innovative approaches such as phage therapy, CRISPR-Cas9 technology, exploration natural compounds. Moreover, it examines profound impact resistance on development, rendering pursuit new economically challenging. limitations challenges developing novel are discussed, along with hurdles regulatory process that hinder progress this critical field. Proposals for modifying facilitate development presented. withdrawal major pharmaceutical firms research examined, potential re-engage interest. also outlines initiatives overcome economic incentivize emphasizing international collaborations partnerships. Finally, sheds light government-led a specific focus Middle East. discusses proactive measures taken governments region, Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates, combat threat. In face multifaceted approach imperative. provides valuable insights complex landscape challenges, collaborative efforts required ensure future where remain effective tools safeguarding public health.

Language: Английский

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Antimicrobial resistance: Impacts, challenges, and future prospects

Journal of Medicine Surgery and Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2, P. 100081 - 100081

Published: March 2, 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global health issue driven by antibiotic misuse and overuse in various sectors, leading to the emergence of resistant microorganisms. The history AMR dates back discovery penicillin, with rise multidrug-resistant pathogens posing significant challenges healthcare systems worldwide. antibiotics human animal health, as well agriculture, contributes spread genes, creating "Silent Pandemic" that could surpass other causes mortality 2050. affects both humans animals, treating infections. Various mechanisms, such enzymatic modification biofilm formation, enable microbes withstand effects antibiotics. lack effective threatens routine medical procedures lead millions deaths annually if left unchecked. economic impact substantial, projected losses trillions dollars financial burdens on agriculture. Artificial intelligence being explored tool combat improving diagnostics treatment strategies, although data quality algorithmic biases exist. To address effectively, One Health approach considers human, animal, environmental factors crucial. This includes enhancing surveillance systems, promoting stewardship programs, investing research development for new antimicrobial options. Public awareness, education, international collaboration are essential combating preserving efficacy future generations.

Language: Английский

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Back to Nature: Medicinal Plants as Promising Sources for Antibacterial Drugs in the Post-Antibiotic Era

Plants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(17), P. 3077 - 3077

Published: Aug. 28, 2023

Undoubtedly, the advent of antibiotics in 19th century had a substantial impact, increasing human life expectancy. However, multitude scientific investigations now indicate that we are currently experiencing phase known as post-antibiotic era. There is genuine concern might regress to time before and confront widespread outbreaks severe epidemic diseases, particularly those caused by bacterial infections. These have demonstrated epidemics thrive under environmental stressors such climate change, depletion natural resources, detrimental activities wars, conflicts, antibiotic overuse, pollution. Moreover, bacteria possess remarkable ability adapt mutate. Unfortunately, current development insufficient, future appears grim unless abandon our approach generating synthetic rapidly lose their effectiveness against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Despite vital role modern medicine, medicinal plants served primary source curative drugs since ancient times. Numerous reports published over past three decades suggest could serve promising alternative ineffective combating infectious diseases. Over few years, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids exhibited noteworthy antibacterial potential, primarily through membrane-disruption mechanisms, protein binding, interference with intermediary metabolism, anti-quorum sensing, anti-biofilm activity. optimize utilization effective drugs, further advancements omics technologies network pharmacology will be required order identify optimal combinations among these compounds or conjunction antibiotics.

Language: Английский

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Current and Future Technologies for the Detection of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(20), P. 3246 - 3246

Published: Oct. 18, 2023

Antibiotic resistance is a global public health concern, posing significant threat to the effectiveness of antibiotics in treating bacterial infections. The accurate and timely detection antibiotic-resistant bacteria crucial for implementing appropriate treatment strategies preventing spread resistant strains. This manuscript provides an overview current emerging technologies used bacteria. We discuss traditional culture-based methods, molecular techniques, innovative approaches, highlighting their advantages, limitations, potential future applications. By understanding strengths limitations these technologies, researchers healthcare professionals can make informed decisions combating antibiotic improving patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

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The Silent Threat: Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens in Food-Producing Animals and Their Impact on Public Health

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(9), P. 2127 - 2127

Published: Aug. 22, 2023

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health problem without geographic boundaries. This increases the risk complications and, thus, makes it harder to treat infections, which can result in higher healthcare costs and greater number deaths. Antimicrobials are often used infections from pathogens food-producing animals, making them potential source AMR. Overuse misuse these drugs animal agriculture lead development AMR bacteria, then be transmitted humans through contaminated food or direct contact. It therefore essential take multifaceted, comprehensive, integrated measures, following One Health approach. To address this issue, many countries have implemented regulations limit use. our knowledge, there previous studies based on animals; however, paper adds novelty related livestock, as we include recent publications field worldwide. In work, aim describe most critical high-risk among worldwide problem. We also focus dissemination genes well its consequences animals humans, future strategies tackle threat.

Language: Английский

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Plant-Derived Antimicrobials and Their Crucial Role in Combating Antimicrobial Resistance

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 746 - 746

Published: Aug. 9, 2024

Antibiotic resistance emerged shortly after the discovery of first antibiotic and has remained a critical public health issue ever since. Managing in clinical settings continues to be challenging, particularly with rise superbugs, or bacteria resistant multiple antibiotics, known as multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. This rapid development compelled researchers continuously seek new antimicrobial agents curb resistance, despite shrinking pipeline drugs. Recently, focus shifted plants, fungi, lichens, endophytes, various marine sources, such seaweeds, corals, other microorganisms, due their promising properties. For this review, an extensive search was conducted across scientific databases, including PubMed, Elsevier, ResearchGate, Scopus, Google Scholar, encompassing publications from 1929 2024. review provides concise overview mechanisms employed by develop followed in-depth exploration plant secondary metabolites potential solution MDR pathogens. In recent years, interest plant-based medicines surged, driven advantageous However, additional research is essential fully understand action verify safety phytochemicals. Future prospects for enhancing use combating antibiotic-resistant pathogens will also discussed.

Language: Английский

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The potential application of artificial intelligence in veterinary clinical practice and biomedical research

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 31, 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a fast-paced technological advancement in terms of its application to various fields science and technology. In particular, AI has the potential play roles veterinary clinical practice, enhancing way care delivered, improving outcomes for animals ultimately humans. Also, recent years, emergence led new direction biomedical research, especially translational research with great potential, promising revolutionize science. applicable antimicrobial resistance (AMR) cancer drug design vaccine development, epidemiology, disease surveillance, genomics. Here, we highlighted discussed impact aspects practice proposing this technology as key tool addressing pressing global health challenges across domains.

Language: Английский

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Mechanism of antibacterial resistance, strategies and next-generation antimicrobials to contain antimicrobial resistance: a review

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Aug. 16, 2024

Antibacterial drug resistance poses a significant challenge to modern healthcare systems, threatening our ability effectively treat bacterial infections. This review aims provide comprehensive overview of the types and mechanisms antibacterial resistance. To achieve this aim, thorough literature search was conducted identify key studies reviews on mechanisms, strategies next-generation antimicrobials contain antimicrobial In review, major with examples including target site modifications, decreased influx, increased efflux pumps, enzymatic inactivation antibacterials has been discussed. Moreover, biofilm formation, horizontal gene transfer methods also included. Furthermore, measures (interventions) taken control have discussed in detail. Overall, provides valuable insights into diverse employed by bacteria resist effects drugs, aim informing future research guiding stewardship efforts.

Language: Английский

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Challenges and applications of artificial intelligence in infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance

npj Antimicrobials and Resistance, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed infectious disease control, enhancing rapid diagnosis and antibiotic discovery. While conventional tests delay diagnosis, AI-driven methods like machine learning deep assist in pathogen detection, resistance prediction, drug These tools improve stewardship identify effective compounds such as antimicrobial peptides small molecules. This review explores AI applications diagnostics, therapy, discovery, emphasizing both strengths areas needing improvement.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Predicting and Combating Antimicrobial Resistance

Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 27, P. 423 - 439

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global public health. The current review synthesizes address the possible role of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI/ML) in mitigating AMR. Supervised learning, unsupervised deep reinforcement natural language processing are some main tools used this domain. AI/ML models can use various data sources, such as clinical information, genomic sequences, microbiome insights, epidemiological for predicting AMR outbreaks. Although relatively new fields, numerous case studies offer substantial evidence their successful application outbreaks with greater accuracy. These provide insights into discovery novel antimicrobials, repurposing existing drugs, combination therapy through analysis molecular structures. In addition, AI-based decision support systems real-time guide healthcare professionals improve prescribing antibiotics. also outlines how AI surveillance, analyze trends, enable early outbreak identification. Challenges, ethical considerations, privacy, model biases exist, however, continuous development methodologies enables play significant combating

Language: Английский

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