Role of Phenolic Compounds in Human Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Prospects

Molecules, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(1), P. 233 - 233

Published: Dec. 30, 2021

Inflammation is a natural protective mechanism that occurs when the body’s tissue homeostatic mechanisms are disrupted by biotic, physical, or chemical agents. The immune response generates pro-inflammatory mediators, but excessive output, such as chronic inflammation, contributes to many persistent diseases. Some phenolic compounds work in tandem with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit mediators’ activity gene expression, including cyclooxygenase (COX). Various can also act on transcription factors, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) factor-erythroid factor 2-related 2 (Nrf-2), up-or downregulate elements within antioxidant pathways. Phenolic enzymes associated development of human diseases and have been used treat various common ailments, hypertension, metabolic problems, incendiary infections, neurodegenerative inhibition angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) has hypertension. carbohydrate hydrolyzing represents type diabetes mellitus therapy, cholinesterase applied Alzheimer’s disease (AD). demonstrated properties skin diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease. Plant extracts exert effects against oxidative stress inflammation caused airborne particulate matter, addition range anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-aging, antibacterial, antiviral activities. Dietary polyphenols prevent allergy-related biological contributions cardiovascular described. This review summarizes recent progress delineating multifunctional roles compounds, their molecular pathways through which they disorders. study discusses current issues potential prospects for therapeutic application

Language: Английский

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Polyphenol-Mediated Gut Microbiota Modulation: Toward Prebiotics and Further

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: June 28, 2021

The genome of gut microbes encodes a collection enzymes whose metabolic functions contribute to the bioavailability and bioactivity unabsorbed (poly)phenols. Datasets from high throughput sequencing, metabolome measurements, other omics have expanded understanding different modes actions by which (poly)phenols modulate microbiome conferring health benefits host. Progress been made identify direct prebiotic effects (poly)phenols; albeit up date, these compounds are not recognized as prebiotics sensu stricto . Interestingly, certain probiotics strains an enzymatic repertoire, such tannase, α-L-rhamnosidase, phenolic acid reductase, involved in transformation into bioactive metabolites. In vivo studies demonstrated that (poly)phenol-transforming bacteria thrive when provided with substrates. However, taxonomically distinct symbionts phenolic-metabolizing activity has still significantly promoted This is case Akkermansia muciniphila , so-called antiobesity bacterium, responds positively may be partially responsible for formerly attributed molecules. We surmise broad antimicrobial action free ecological niches occupied competing bacteria, thereby allowing bloom beneficial bacteria. review explores capacity promote through their collaborative bacterial utilization inhibitory on potential pathogenic species. propose term duplibiotic describe substrate modulating microbiota both action. (Poly)phenol effect could participate blunting disturbance dysbiosis, positioning dietary strategies therapeutic potential.

Language: Английский

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Polyphenols—Gut Microbiota Interrelationship: A Transition to a New Generation of Prebiotics

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 137 - 137

Published: Dec. 28, 2021

The present review summarizes the studies carried out on this topic in last five years. According to new definitions, among all compounds included group of prebiotics, polyphenols are probably most important secondary metabolites produced by plant kingdom. Many these types have low bioavailability, therefore reaching colon unaltered form. Once colon, interact with intestinal microbes bidirectionally modulating them and, consequently, releasing metabolites. Despite much research various metabolites, little is known about chemistry metabolic routes used different bacteria species. In context, aims investigate prebiotic effect preclinical and clinical studies, highlighting that consumption leads an increase beneficial bacteria, as well production valuable conclusion, there evidence supporting polyphenols, but further needed humans.

Language: Английский

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Future Antimicrobials: Natural and Functionalized Phenolics

Molecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(3), P. 1114 - 1114

Published: Jan. 22, 2023

With incidence of antimicrobial resistance rising globally, there is a continuous need for development new molecules. Phenolic compounds having versatile scaffold that allows broad range chemical additions; they also exhibit potent activities which can be enhanced significantly through functionalization. Synthetic routes such as esterification, phosphorylation, hydroxylation or enzymatic conjugation may increase the activity and reduce minimal concentrations needed. action mechanisms interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis, DNA replication enzyme production, phenolics target multiple sites in bacteria, leading to much higher sensitivity cells towards these natural compounds. The current review summarizes some most important knowledge on functionalization phenolic effects their activity.

Language: Английский

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Exploring Phytochemicals for Combating Antibiotic Resistance in Microbial Pathogens

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: July 21, 2021

Antibiotic resistance or microbial drug is emerging as a serious threat to human healthcare globally, and the multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains are imposing major hurdles progression of discovery programs. Newer antibiotic-resistance mechanisms in microbes contribute inefficacy existing drugs along with prolonged illness escalating expenditures. The injudicious usage conventional commonly available antibiotics health, hygiene, veterinary agricultural practices proving be driver for evolution, persistence spread at frightening rate. drying pipeline new potent adding severity. Therefore, novel effective innovative therapies treat MDR infections urgently needed. Apart from different natural synthetic being tested, plant secondary metabolites phytochemicals efficient combating drug-resistant strains. Various classes including alkaloids, phenols, coumarins, terpenes have been successfully demonstrated their inhibitory potential against pathogens. Several proved molecular determinants responsible attaining pathogens like membrane proteins, biofilms, efflux pumps bacterial cell communications. However, translational success rate needs improved, but trends encouraging. This review highlights current knowledge developments associated challenges future prospects successful application antibiotic resistant

Language: Английский

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Recognition in the Domain of Molecular Chirality: From Noncovalent Interactions to Separation of Enantiomers

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 122(16), P. 13235 - 13400

Published: Aug. 2, 2022

It is not a coincidence that both chirality and noncovalent interactions are ubiquitous in nature synthetic molecular systems. Noncovalent interactivity between chiral molecules underlies enantioselective recognition as fundamental phenomenon regulating life human activities. Thus, represent the narrative thread of fascinating story which goes across several disciplines medical, chemical, physical, biological, other natural sciences. This review has been conceived with awareness modern attitude toward its consequences needs to be founded on multidisciplinary approaches disclose basis essential phenomena domain With primary aim discussing this topic an integrated way, comprehensive pool rational systematic information provided, concerns fundamentals chirality, description interactions, their implications processes occurring different contexts. A specific focus devoted enantioselection chromatography electromigration techniques because unique feature "multistep" processes. second motivation for writing make clear statement about state art, tools we have at our disposal, what still missing fully understand mechanisms underlying recognition.

Language: Английский

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Antioxidant Activity, Metabolism, and Bioavailability of Polyphenols in the Diet of Animals

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 1141 - 1141

Published: May 23, 2023

As the world’s population grows, so does need for more and animal feed. In 2006, EU banned use of antibiotics other chemicals in order to reduce chemical residues food consumed by humans. It is well known that oxidative stress inflammatory processes must be combated achieve higher productivity. The adverse effects pharmaceuticals synthetic compounds on health product quality safety have increased interest phytocompounds. With plant polyphenols nutrition, they are gaining attention as a supplement Livestock feeding based sustainable, environmentally friendly approach (clean, safe, green agriculture) would also win–win farmers society. There an increasing producing healthier products origin with ratio polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) saturated modulating nutrition. Secondary metabolites (polyphenols) essential physiology involved various functions such growth, pigmentation, resistance pathogenic organisms. Polyphenols exogenous antioxidants act one first lines cell defense. Therefore, discoveries intracellular antioxidant activity contributed significantly improvement activity, prevent damage eliminate excessively produced free radicals. To welfare, medicines, increase origin, addition research breeding can practised part free-choice

Language: Английский

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Possible Side Effects of Polyphenols and Their Interactions with Medicines

Molecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(6), P. 2536 - 2536

Published: March 10, 2023

Polyphenols are an important component of plant-derived food with a wide spectrum beneficial effects on human health. For many years, they have aroused great interest, especially due to their antioxidant properties, which used in the prevention and treatment diseases. Unfortunately, as any chemical substance, depending conditions, dose, interactions environment, it is possible for polyphenols also exert harmful effects. This review presents comprehensive current state knowledge negative impact health, describing side polyphenol intake, form supplements. The begins brief overview physiological role potential use disease prevention, followed by exerted particular situations. individual chapters discuss consequences polyphenols’ ability block iron uptake, some subpopulations can be harmful, well inhibition digestive enzymes, intestinal microbiota, polyphenolic compounds drugs, hormonal balance. Finally, prooxidative activity mutagenic, carcinogenic, genotoxic presented. According authors, there need raise public awareness about supplementation, case vulnerable subpopulations.

Language: Английский

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Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of Diet Polyphenols and Their Modulation of Gut Microbiota

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(4), P. 3813 - 3813

Published: Feb. 14, 2023

It is generally accepted that diet-derived polyphenols are bioactive compounds with several potentially beneficial effects on human health. In general, have chemical structures, and the most representative flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes. should be noted of closely related to their bioavailability bioaccessibility, as many them rapidly metabolized after administration. Polyphenols—with a protective effect gastrointestinal tract—promote maintenance eubiosis intestinal microbiota against gastric colon cancers. Thus, benefits obtained from dietary supplementation would seem mediated by gut microbiota. Taken at certain concentrations, been shown positively modulate bacterial component, increasing Lactiplantibacillus spp. Bifidobacterium involved in protection barrier decreasing Clostridium Fusobacterium, which negatively associated well-being. Based diet–microbiota–health axis, this review aims describe latest knowledge action health through activity discusses micro-encapsulation strategy improve

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Plant Phytochemicals on the Gut Microbiota of Humans for a Balanced Life

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(15), P. 8124 - 8124

Published: July 23, 2022

The gastrointestinal tract of humans is a complex microbial ecosystem known as gut microbiota. microbiota involved in several critical physiological processes such digestion, absorption, and related functions plays crucial role determining the host’s health. habitual consumption specific dietary components can impact beyond their nutritional benefits, altering diversity function could manipulate Phytochemicals are non-nutrient biologically active plant that modify composition microflora through selective stimulation proliferation or inhibition certain communities intestine. Plants secrete these components, they accumulate cell wall sap compartments (body) for development survival. These compounds have low bioavailability long time-retention intestine due to poor resulting beneficial impacts on population. Feeding diets containing phytochemicals animals may offer path improve microbiome improved performance and/or health wellbeing. This review discusses effects modulation environment resultant benefits humans; however, effect also covered, brief.

Language: Английский

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