Long-COVID post-viral chronic fatigue and affective symptoms are associated with oxidative damage, lowered antioxidant defenses and inflammation: a proof of concept and mechanism study

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(2), P. 564 - 578

Published: Oct. 24, 2022

Language: Английский

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Oxidative Stress and Hyper-Inflammation as Major Drivers of Severe COVID-19 and Long COVID: Implications for the Benefit of High-Dose Intravenous Vitamin C

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: April 29, 2022

Oxidative stress is a pivotal point in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and presumably also Long-COVID. Inflammation oxidative are mutually reinforcing each other, thus contributing to systemic hyperinflammatory state coagulopathy which cardinal pathological mechanisms severe stages. patients, like other critically ill patients e.g. with pneumonia, very often show deficiency antioxidant vitamin C. So far, it has not been investigated how long this lasts or whether COVID symptoms suffer from deficiencies. A C deficit serious consequences because one most effective antioxidants, but co-factor many enzymatic processes that affect immune nervous system, blood circulation energy metabolism. Because its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, endothelial-restoring, immunomodulatory effects supportive intravenous (iv) use supraphysiological doses so far 12 controlled observational studies altogether 1578 inpatients COVID-19. In these an improved oxygenation, decrease inflammatory markers faster recovery were observed. addition, early treatment iv high dose seems reduce risks courses disease such as pneumonia mortality. Persistent inflammation, thrombosis dysregulated response (auto-immune phenomena and/or persistent viral load) seem be major contributors inflammation involved development progression fatigue neuro-psychiatric various diseases by disrupting tissue (e.g. autoantibodies), flow thrombosis) neurotransmitter metabolism excitotoxicity). oncological diseases, infections autoimmune associated fatigue, cognitive disorders, pain depression similar Long-COVID, was shown significantly relieve symptoms. Supportive acute might therefore risk

Language: Английский

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Small molecules in the treatment of COVID-19

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Dec. 5, 2022

Abstract The outbreak of COVID-19 has become a global crisis, and brought severe disruptions to societies economies. Until now, effective therapeutics against are in high demand. Along with our improved understanding the structure, function, pathogenic process SARS-CoV-2, many small molecules potential anti-COVID-19 effects have been developed. So far, several antiviral strategies were explored. Besides directly inhibition viral proteins such as RdRp M pro , interference host enzymes including ACE2 proteases, blocking relevant immunoregulatory pathways represented by JAK/STAT, BTK, NF-κB, NLRP3 pathways, regarded feasible drug development. development treat achieved strategies, computer-aided lead compound design screening, natural product discovery, repurposing, combination therapy. Several representative remdesivir paxlovid proved or authorized emergency use countries. And candidates entered clinical-trial stage. Nevertheless, due epidemiological features variability issues it is necessary continue exploring novel COVID-19. This review discusses current findings for treatment. Moreover, their detailed mechanism action, chemical structures, preclinical clinical efficacies discussed.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 Complications: Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial and Endothelial Dysfunction

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(19), P. 14876 - 14876

Published: Oct. 4, 2023

SARS-CoV-2 infection, discovered and isolated in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, causes acute atypical respiratory symptoms has led to profound changes our lives. COVID-19 is characterized by a wide range of complications, which include pulmonary embolism, thromboembolism arterial clot formation, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, multiorgan failure, more. The disease caused worldwide pandemic, despite various measures such as social distancing, preventive strategies, therapeutic approaches, the creation vaccines, novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) still hides many mysteries for scientific community. Oxidative stress been suggested play an essential role pathogenesis COVID-19, determining free radical levels patients with may provide insight into severity. generation abnormal oxidants under COVID-19-induced cytokine storm irreversible oxidation macromolecules subsequent damage cells, tissues, organs. Clinical studies have shown that oxidative initiates endothelial damage, increases risk complications post-COVID-19 or long-COVID-19 cases. This review describes radicals mediation mitochondrial dysfunction.

Language: Английский

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Exploring Therapeutic Potential of Catalase: Strategies in Disease Prevention and Management

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 697 - 697

Published: June 14, 2024

The antioxidant defense mechanisms play a critical role in mitigating the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Catalase stands out as paramount enzymatic antioxidant. It efficiently catalyzes decomposition hydrogen peroxide (H

Language: Английский

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Biomarkers of Post-COVID Depression

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(18), P. 4142 - 4142

Published: Sept. 14, 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic is spreading around the world and 187 million people have already been affected. One of its after-effects post-COVID depression, which, according to latest data, affects up 40% who had SARS-CoV-2 infection. A very important issue for mental health general population look causes this complication biomarkers. This will help in faster diagnosis effective treatment affected patients. In our work, we focused on search major depressive disorder (MDD) biomarkers, which are also present patients may influence development depression. For purpose, searched PubMed, Scopus Google Scholar scientific literature databases using keywords such as 'COVID-19', 'SARS-CoV-2', 'depression', 'post-COVID', 'biomarkers' others. Among biomarkers found, most that were frequently described increased levels interleukin 6 (IL-6), soluble receptor (sIL-6R), 1 β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), 10 (IL-10), 2 (IL-2), (sIL-2R), C-reactive protein (CRP), Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1), serum amyloid a (SAA1) metabolites kynurenine pathway, well decreased brain derived neurotrophic (BDNF) tryptophan (TRP). identified by us indicate etiopathogenesis depression analogous leading inflammatory hypothesis MDD.

Language: Английский

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Feasibility of Vitamin C in the Treatment of Post Viral Fatigue with Focus on Long COVID, Based on a Systematic Review of IV Vitamin C on Fatigue

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 1154 - 1154

Published: March 31, 2021

Fatigue is common not only in cancer patients but also after viral and other infections. Effective treatment options are still very rare. Therefore, the present knowledge on pathophysiology of fatigue potential positive impact with vitamin C illustrated. Additionally, effectiveness high-dose IV resulting from various diseases was assessed by a systematic literature review order to assess feasibility post-viral, especially long COVID, fatigue. Nine clinical studies 720 participants were identified. Three four controlled trials observed significant decrease scores group compared control group. Four five observational or before-and-after reduction pre–post levels Attendant symptoms such as sleep disturbances, lack concentration, depression, pain frequently alleviated. Oxidative stress, inflammation, circulatory disorders, which important contributors fatigue, discussed COVID Thus, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, endothelial-restoring, immunomodulatory effects might be suitable option.

Language: Английский

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Relation of Serum Copper Status to Survival in COVID-19

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 1898 - 1898

Published: May 31, 2021

The trace element copper (Cu) is part of our nutrition and essentially needed for several cuproenzymes that control redox status support the immune system. In blood, ferroxidase ceruloplasmin (CP) accounts majority circulating Cu serves as transport protein. Both CP behave positive, whereas serum selenium (Se) its transporter selenoprotein P (SELENOP) negative acute phase reactants. view coronavirus disease (COVID-19) causes systemic inflammation, we hypothesized biomarkers Se are regulated inversely, in relation to severity mortality risk. Serum samples from COVID-19 patients were analysed by total reflection X-ray fluorescence was quantified a validated sandwich ELISA. two correlated positively with (R = 0.42,

Language: Английский

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Lipid peroxidation as a hallmark of severity in COVID-19 patients

Redox Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 48, P. 102181 - 102181

Published: Nov. 6, 2021

Oxidative stress may be a key player in COVID-19 pathogenesis due to its significant role response infections. A defective redox balance has been related viral developing massive induction of cell death provoked by oxidative stress. The aim this study is perform complete profile evaluation regarding antioxidant enzymes, total capacity and damage order characterize diagnosis severity disease.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 and Selenium Deficiency: a Systematic Review

Biological Trace Element Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 200(9), P. 3945 - 3956

Published: Nov. 5, 2021

Abstract Several studies have indicated that selenium deficiency may be detrimental in the context of various viral disorders, and case COVID-19, several reported heterogeneous results concerning association with severity disease. To summarize available data surrounding body levels outcomes a systematic search was performed Medline database (PubMed), Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web Science using keywords including “SARS-CoV-2,” “COVID-19,” “selenium,” Studies evaluating COVID-19 were included. Among 1,862 articles viewed search, 10 included after title, abstract, full-text review. One study further searching literature again for any newly published articles. Out 11 studies, measured serum level, one investigated urinary level. Three SELENOP level as well Glutathione peroxidase-3 also assessed study. The severity, mortality, risk COVID-19. Nine lower is associated worse outcomes. Two no significant between In study, to higher severe fatal cases compared non-severe recovered patients, respectively. most cases, outcomes, patients than healthy individuals. Thus, it could concluded cautious supplementation helpful prevent disease progression. However, randomized clinical trials are needed confirm this.

Language: Английский

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