Food & Function,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Probiotics
isolated
from
the
fermented
grains
of
Chinese
baijiu
can
prevent
drunkenness,
aid
sobriety,
protect
against
chronic
alcoholic
liver
injury,
and
modulate
intestinal
flora
imbalance
short-chain
fatty
acids
in
affected
mice.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
22(15), P. 8221 - 8221
Published: July 30, 2021
CYP2E1
is
one
of
the
fifty-seven
cytochrome
P450
genes
in
human
genome
and
highly
conserved.
a
unique
enzyme
because
its
heme
iron
constitutively
high
spin
state,
allowing
direct
reduction
of,
e.g.,
dioxygen,
causing
formation
variety
reactive
oxygen
species
xenobiotics
to
toxic
products.
The
has
been
focus
scientific
interest
due
(i)
important
endogenous
function
liver
homeostasis,
(ii)
ability
activate
procarcinogens
convert
certain
drugs,
paracetamol
anesthetics,
cytotoxic
end
products,
(iii)
effectively
reduce
dioxygen
radical
injury,
(iv)
capability
compounds,
often
generating
intermediates
or
indirect
immunotoxic
properties
(v)
contribution
development
alcoholic
disease,
steatosis
NASH.
In
this
overview,
we
present
discovery
studies
humans,
3D
systems
genetically
modified
mice
disclose
clinical
relevance.
Induction
either
by
alcohol
high-fat
diet
leads
increased
severity
pathology
likelihood
develop
ALD
NASH,
with
subsequent
influence
on
occurrence
hepatocellular
cancer.
Thus,
fat-dependent
induction
might
provide
link
between
fibrosis
liver.
We
conclude
that
many
physiological
functions
key
for
hepatic
carcinogenesis,
drug
toxicity
disease.
Cells,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
11(7), P. 1239 - 1239
Published: April 6, 2022
Recent
research
on
the
gut
microbiome
has
revealed
influence
of
microbiota
(GM)
ischemic
stroke
pathogenesis
and
treatment
outcomes.
Alterations
in
diversity,
abundance,
functions
microbiome,
termed
dysbiosis,
results
dysregulated
gut–brain
signaling,
which
induces
intestinal
barrier
changes,
endotoxemia,
systemic
inflammation,
infection,
affecting
post-stroke
Gut–brain
interactions
are
bidirectional,
signals
from
to
brain
mediated
by
microbially
derived
metabolites,
such
as
trimethylamine
N-oxide
(TMAO)
short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs);
bacterial
components,
lipopolysaccharide
(LPS);
immune
cells,
T
helper
cells;
translocation
via
hormonal,
immune,
neural
pathways.
Ischemic
affects
microbial
composition
hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal
(HPA)
pathways,
can
contribute
Experimental
clinical
studies
have
demonstrated
that
restoration
usually
improves
outcomes
regulating
metabolic,
inflammatory
responses
axis
(GBA).
Therefore,
restoring
healthy
ecology
may
be
a
key
therapeutic
target
for
effective
management
stroke.
Cells,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
11(8), P. 1362 - 1362
Published: April 16, 2022
Depression
is
a
highly
common
mental
disorder,
which
often
multifactorial
with
sex,
genetic,
environmental,
and/or
psychological
causes.
Recent
advancements
in
biomedical
research
have
demonstrated
clear
correlation
between
gut
dysbiosis
(GD)
or
microbial
and
the
development
of
anxiety
depressive
behaviors.
The
microbiome
communicates
brain
through
neural,
immune,
metabolic
pathways,
either
directly
(via
vagal
nerves)
indirectly
gut-
microbial-derived
metabolites
as
well
hormones
endocrine
peptides,
including
peptide
YY,
pancreatic
polypeptide,
neuropeptide
Y,
cholecystokinin,
corticotropin-releasing
factor,
glucagon-like
peptide,
oxytocin,
ghrelin).
Maintaining
healthy
microbiota
(GM)
now
being
recognized
important
for
health
use
probiotics,
prebiotics,
synbiotics,
fecal
transplantation
(FMT),
etc.
A
few
approaches
exert
antidepressant
effects
via
restoring
GM
hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal
(HPA)
axis
functions.
In
this
review,
we
summarized
etiopathogenic
link
depression
preclinical
clinical
evidence.
addition,
collated
information
on
recent
therapies
supplements,
such
short-chain
fatty
acids,
vitamin
B12,
omega-3
etc.,
target
gut–brain
(GBA)
effective
management
behavior
anxiety.
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
81(1)
Published: Jan. 12, 2024
Abstract
This
review
provides
an
update
on
recent
findings
from
basic,
translational,
and
clinical
studies
the
molecular
mechanisms
of
mitochondrial
dysfunction
apoptosis
hepatocytes
in
multiple
liver
diseases,
including
but
not
limited
to
alcohol-associated
disease
(ALD),
metabolic
dysfunction-associated
steatotic
(MASLD),
drug-induced
injury
(DILI).
While
ethanol-inducible
cytochrome
P450-2E1
(CYP2E1)
is
mainly
responsible
for
oxidizing
binge
alcohol
via
microsomal
ethanol
system,
it
also
metabolizing
many
xenobiotics,
pollutants,
chemicals,
drugs,
specific
diets
abundant
n-6
fatty
acids,
into
toxic
metabolites
organs,
liver,
causing
pathological
insults
through
organelles
such
as
mitochondria
endoplasmic
reticula.
Oxidative
imbalances
(oxidative
stress)
promote
covalent
modifications
lipids,
proteins,
nucleic
acids
enzymatic
non-enzymatic
mechanisms.
Excessive
changes
stimulate
various
post-translational
(PTMs)
transcription
factors,
histones.
Increased
PTMs
proteins
inactivate
enzymes
involved
reduction
oxidative
species,
acid
metabolism,
mitophagy
pathways,
leading
dysfunction,
energy
depletion,
apoptosis.
Unique
other
organelles,
control
signaling
cascades
bioenergetics
(fat
metabolism),
inflammation,
apoptosis/necrosis
hepatocytes.
When
homeostasis
shifted,
these
pathways
become
altered
or
shut
down,
likely
contributing
death
with
activation
inflammation
hepatic
stellate
cells,
fibrosis
cirrhosis.
will
encapsulate
how
contributes
hepatocyte
several
types
diseases
order
provide
recommendations
targeted
therapeutics.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
26(7), P. 3148 - 3148
Published: March 28, 2025
Oxidative
stress
(OS)
and
gut
microbiota
are
crucial
factors
influencing
human
health,
each
playing
a
significant
role
in
the
development
progression
of
chronic
diseases.
This
review
provides
comprehensive
analysis
complex
interplay
between
these
two
factors,
focusing
on
how
an
imbalance
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
antioxidants
leads
to
OS,
disrupting
cellular
homeostasis
contributing
range
conditions,
including
metabolic
disorders,
cardiovascular
diseases,
neurological
cancer.
The
microbiota,
diverse
community
microorganisms
residing
gastrointestinal
tract,
is
essential
for
regulating
immune
responses,
pathways,
overall
health.
Dysbiosis,
composition,
closely
associated
with
inflammation,
dysfunction,
various
highlights
influences
influenced
by
complicating
pathophysiology
many
conditions.
Furthermore,
emerging
evidence
has
identified
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
as
critical
facilitators
crosstalk
OS
microbiota.
EVs
also
play
signaling
host
tissues,
modulating
processes.
function
holds
promise
targeted
therapies
aimed
at
restoring
microbial
balance
mitigating
OS.
Personalized
therapeutic
approaches,
probiotics,
antioxidants,
fecal
transplantation-based
strategies,
can
be
used
address
OS-related
diseases
improve
health
outcomes.
Nonetheless,
further
research
needed
study
molecular
mechanisms
underlying
interactions
potential
innovative
interventions
offer
novel
strategies
managing
enhancing
Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: March 8, 2022
Background
Thyroid
hormone
withdrawal
(THW)
in
postoperative
thyroid
cancer
patients
who
need
always
accompanied
by
complications
(e.g.,
dyslipidemia
and
constipation).
At
present,
there
are
no
effective
safe
means
to
alleviate
these
complications.
Purpose
We
aimed
assess
the
oral-gut
microbiota
profiles
THW
then
investigate
whether
probiotics
could
alleviating
related
therapeutic
effects
were
associated
with
state.
Methods
Fifty
eligible
carcinoma
undergoing
thyroidectomy
randomly
assigned
receive
or
placebo
during
THW.
Complications
assessed
through
validated
questionnaires
plasma
lipid
indicators.
The
complex
preparation
was
composed
of
Bifidobacterium
infantis
,
Lactobacillus
acidophilus
Enterococcus
faecalis
Bacillus
cereus
.
Results
Probiotics
alleviated
lack
energy,
constipation,
weight
gain,
dry
mouth
decreased
levels
fecal/serum
LPS
indicators
(total
cholesterol,
triglycerides,
low-density
lipoprotein,
apolipoprotein
A)
(P
<
0.05).
Gut
oral
microbial
diversity
significantly
after
THW,
while
an
increased
dysbiosis
index
(MDI)
observed.
distinctly
restored
gut
diversity.
Increased
Holdemanella
Coprococcus_2
Fusobacterium
Eubacterium_ruminantium_group
Ruminococcus_1
Parasutterella
found
intervention.
Lack
seen
be
above
microbiota.
In
addition,
reduced
Prevotella_9
Haemophilus
Lautropia
which
positively
correlated
occurrence
mouth.
Conclusion
reduce
incidence
may
modifying
Clinical
Trial
Registration
[
https://clinicaltrials.gov/
],
identifier
America
Registry
NCT03574051.
Redox Biology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
59, P. 102577 - 102577
Published: Dec. 13, 2022
Mitochondrial
aldehyde
dehydrogenase
2
(ALDH2)
is
the
major
enzyme
responsible
for
metabolizing
toxic
acetaldehyde
to
acetate
and
acts
as
a
protective
or
defensive
protein
against
various
disease
states
associated
with
alcohol
use
disorder
(AUD),
including
alcohol-related
liver
(ARLD).
We
hypothesized
that
Aldh2-knockout
(KO)
mice
are
more
susceptible
binge
alcohol-mediated
injury
than
wild-type
(WT)
through
increased
oxidative
stress,
gut
leakiness
endotoxemia.
Therefore,
this
study
aimed
investigate
role
of
ALDH2
in
alcohol-induced
permeability,
endotoxemia,
acute
inflammatory
by
exposing
Aldh2-KO
WT
single
oral
dose
3.5,
4.0,
5.0
g/kg.
Our
findings
showed
first
time
deficiency
increases
their
sensitivity
nitrative
enterocyte
apoptosis,
nitration
tight
junction
(TJ)
adherent
(AJ)
proteins,
leading
degradation.
These
resulted
endotoxemia
after
exposure
ethanol
even
at
3.5
g/kg,
while
no
changes
were
observed
corresponding
mice.
The
elevated
serum
endotoxin
(lipopolysaccharide,
LPS)
bacterial
translocation
contributed
systemic
inflammation,
hepatocyte
subsequently
gut-liver
axis.
Treatment
Daidzin,
an
inhibitor,
exacerbated
ethanol-induced
cell
permeability
reduced
TJ/AJ
proteins
T84
human
colon
cells.
reversed
Alda-1,
activator.
Furthermore,
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated
knockout
cells
damage
paracellular
permeability.
All
these
demonstrate
critical
epithelial
barrier
dysfunction
suggest
gene
mutation
humans
risk
factor
injury,
could
be
important
therapeutic
target
alcohol-associated
tissue
organ
damage.
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
12(3), P. 594 - 594
Published: Feb. 27, 2023
Oral
and
maxillofacial
tissue
defects
caused
by
trauma,
tumor
reactions,
congenital
anomalies,
ischemic
diseases,
infectious
surgical
resection,
odontogenic
cysts
present
a
formidable
challenge
for
reconstruction.
Tissue
regeneration
using
functional
biomaterials
cell
therapy
strategies
has
raised
great
concerns
in
the
treatment
of
damaged
during
past
few
decades.
However,
implantation
transplantation,
production
excessive
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
may
hinder
repair
as
it
commonly
causes
severe
injuries
leading
to
damage.
These
products
exist
form
oxidant
molecules
such
hydrogen
peroxide,
superoxide
ions,
hydroxyl
radicals,
nitrogen
oxide.
days,
many
scientists
have
focused
on
application
ROS-scavenging
components
body
process.
One
these
scavenging
is
antioxidants,
which
are
beneficial
materials
tissues
keeping
safe
against
free
radicals.
Antioxidants
divided
into
natural
synthetic
sources.
In
current
review
article,
different
antioxidant
sources
their
mechanism
action
discussed.
The
applications
antioxidants
oral
tissues,
including
hard
cranial,
alveolar
bone,
dental
tissue,
soft
(dental
pulp,
periodontal
tissue),
facial
nerve,
cartilage
also
highlighted
following
parts.