Mitochondria in health, disease, and aging

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 103(4), P. 2349 - 2422

Published: April 6, 2023

Mitochondria are well known as organelles responsible for the maintenance of cellular bioenergetics through production ATP. Although oxidative phosphorylation may be their most important function, mitochondria also integral synthesis metabolic precursors, calcium regulation, reactive oxygen species, immune signaling, and apoptosis. Considering breadth responsibilities, fundamental metabolism homeostasis. Appreciating this significance, translational medicine has begun to investigate how mitochondrial dysfunction can represent a harbinger disease. In review, we provide detailed overview metabolism, bioenergetics, dynamics, autophagy, damage-associated molecular patterns, mitochondria-mediated cell death pathways, at any these levels is associated with disease pathogenesis. Mitochondria-dependent pathways thereby an attractive therapeutic target ameliorating human

Language: Английский

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Oxidative Stress Occurs Prior to Amyloid Aβ Plaque Formation and Tau Phosphorylation in Alzheimer’s Disease: Role of Glutathione and Metal Ions

ACS Chemical Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(17), P. 2944 - 2954

Published: Aug. 10, 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an insidious and progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Although the pathogenesis remains obscure, there are two dominant causal hypotheses. Since last three decades, amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition was most prominent hypothesis, other tau hyperphosphorylation hypothesis. The confirmed diagnostic criterion for AD presence neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed hyperphosphorylated toxic oligomeric Aβ in autopsied brain. Consistent with these hypotheses, oxidative stress (OS) garnering major attention research. OS results from imbalance pro-oxidants antioxidants. There a considerable debate scientific community on which process occurs first, or plaque deposition/tau hyperphosphorylation. Based recent observations various laboratories including ours along critical analysis those information, we believe early event leads to as well dimerization protein its subsequent This hypothesis immediately suggests consideration novel therapeutic approaches include antioxidants involving glutathione enrichment brain by supplementation without iron chelator.

Language: Английский

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Targeting Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cerebral Ischemia: Advances in Pharmacological Interventions

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 108 - 108

Published: Jan. 18, 2025

The study of mitochondrial dysfunction has become increasingly pivotal in elucidating the pathophysiology various cerebral pathologies, particularly neurodegenerative disorders. Mitochondria are essential for cellular energy metabolism, regulation reactive oxygen species (ROS), calcium homeostasis, and execution apoptotic processes. Disruptions function, driven by factors such as oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, altered ion balance, lead to neuronal death contribute cognitive impairments several brain diseases. Mitochondrial can arise from genetic mutations, ischemic events, hypoxia, other environmental factors. This article highlights critical role progression diseases discusses need targeted therapeutic strategies attenuate damage, restore enhance neuroprotection.

Language: Английский

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Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress: Role in chronic kidney disease

Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 319, P. 121432 - 121432

Published: Jan. 25, 2023

Language: Английский

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Synergistic ROS generation and directional overloading of endogenous calcium induce mitochondrial dysfunction in living cells

Biomaterials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 301, P. 122284 - 122284

Published: Aug. 17, 2023

Language: Английский

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Mitochondria as intracellular signalling organelles. An update

Cellular Signalling, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 109, P. 110794 - 110794

Published: July 6, 2023

Traditionally, mitochondria are known as "the powerhouse of the cell," responsible for energy (ATP) generation (by electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and fatty ß-oxidation), regulation several metabolic processes, including redox homeostasis, calcium signalling, cellular apoptosis. The extensive studies conducted in last decades portray multifaceted signalling organelles that ultimately command cells' survival or death. Based on current knowledge, we'll outline mitochondrial to other intracellular compartments homeostasis pathology-related stress conditions here. following topics discussed: (i) mtROS mitohormesis, (ii) Ca2+ signalling; (iii) anterograde (nucleus-to-mitochondria) retrograde (mitochondria-to-nucleus) signal transduction, (iv) mtDNA role immunity inflammation, (v) induction mitophagy- apoptosis - cascades, (vi) dysfunctions (mitochondriopathies) cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, malignant diseases. novel insights into molecular mechanisms mitochondria-mediated can explain adaptation environmental stresses achieve cell survival.

Language: Английский

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Apoptosis and eryptosis: similarities and differences

APOPTOSIS, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(3-4), P. 482 - 502

Published: Nov. 30, 2023

Language: Английский

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Mitochondria in Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease: Focus on Mitophagy

The Neuroscientist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 30(4), P. 440 - 457

Published: Jan. 3, 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid β and phosphorylated τ protein aggregates in brain, which leads to loss neurons. Under microscope, function mitochondria uniquely primed play a pivotal role neuronal cell survival, energy metabolism, death. Research studies indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction, excessive oxidative damage, defective mitophagy neurons are early indicators AD. This review article summarizes latest development AD: 1) mechanism pathways, 2) importance functions, 3) metabolic pathways 4) link between dysfunction mechanisms AD, 5) potential mitochondrial-targeted therapeutics interventions treat patients with

Language: Английский

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Photobiomodulation CME Part I: Overview and Mechanism of Action

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 91(5), P. 793 - 802

Published: Feb. 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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Deciphering the molecular pathways of saroglitazar: A dual PPAR α/γ agonist for managing metabolic NAFLD

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 155, P. 155912 - 155912

Published: April 11, 2024

Language: Английский

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