The role of oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction

Cardiovascular Diabetology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Sept. 2, 2023

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by long-term hyperglycaemia, which leads to microangiopathy and macroangiopathy ultimately increases the mortality of diabetic patients. Endothelial dysfunction, has been recognized as key factor in pathogenesis macroangiopathy, reduction NO bioavailability. Oxidative stress, main pathogenic diabetes, one major triggers endothelial dysfunction through NO. In this review, we summarize four sources ROS vasculature underlying molecular mechanisms factors hyperlipidaemia, adipokines insulin resistance induce oxidative stress cells context diabetes. addition, discuss stress-targeted interventions, including hypoglycaemic drugs, antioxidants lifestyle their effects on diabetes-induced dysfunction. summary, our review provides comprehensive insight into roles

Language: Английский

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Flow-induced reprogramming of endothelial cells in atherosclerosis

Nature Reviews Cardiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(11), P. 738 - 753

Published: May 24, 2023

Atherosclerotic diseases such as myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke and peripheral artery disease continue to be leading causes of death worldwide despite the success treatments with cholesterol-lowering drugs drug-eluting stents, raising need identify additional therapeutic targets. Interestingly, atherosclerosis preferentially develops in curved branching arterial regions, where endothelial cells are exposed disturbed blood flow characteristic low-magnitude oscillatory shear stress. By contrast, straight regions stable flow, which is associated high-magnitude, unidirectional stress, relatively well protected from through shear-dependent, atheroprotective cell responses. Flow potently regulates structural, functional, transcriptomic, epigenomic metabolic changes mechanosensors mechanosignal transduction pathways. A study using single-cell RNA sequencing chromatin accessibility analysis a mouse model flow-induced demonstrated that reprogrammes situ healthy phenotypes diseased ones characterized by inflammation, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, endothelial-to-immune cell-like transition changes. In this Review, we discuss emerging concept disturbed-flow-induced reprogramming (FIRE) potential pro-atherogenic mechanism. Defining mechanisms reprogrammed promote crucial area research could lead identification novel targets combat high prevalence atherosclerotic disease. Jo colleagues involved dysfunction atherosclerosis, including mechanism, highlight targeting flow-sensitive genes, proteins

Language: Английский

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Oxidative Stress: A Culprit in the Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 455 - 455

Published: April 12, 2024

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the principal culprit behind chronic (CKD), ultimately developing end-stage renal (ESRD) and necessitating costly dialysis or transplantation. The limited therapeutic efficiency among individuals with DKD a result of our finite understanding its pathogenesis. complex interactions between various factors. Oxidative stress fundamental factor that can establish link hyperglycemia vascular complications frequently encountered in diabetes, particularly DKD. It crucial to recognize essential integral role oxidative development diabetic complications, Hyperglycemia primary trigger an upsurge production reactive oxygen species (ROS), sparking stress. main endogenous sources ROS include mitochondrial production, NADPH oxidases (Nox), uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), xanthine oxidase (XO), cytochrome P450 (CYP450), lipoxygenase. Under persistent high glucose levels, immune cells, complement system, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), protein kinase C (PKC), polyol pathway, hexosamine pathway are activated. Consequently, oxidant–antioxidant balance within body disrupted, which triggers series reactions downstream pathways, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein B (PI3K/Akt), transforming growth beta/p38-mitogen-activated (TGF-β/p38-MAPK), nuclear kappa (NF-κB), adenosine monophosphate-activated (AMPK), Janus kinase/signal transducer activator transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling. might persist even if strict control achieved, be attributed epigenetic modifications. treatment remains unresolved issue. Therefore, reducing intriguing target. clinical trials have shown bardoxolone methyl, erythroid 2-related 2 (Nrf2) activator, blood glucose-lowering drugs, such as sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists effectively slow down progression by Other antioxidants, vitamins, lipoic acid, Nox regulators, present promising option for In this review, we conduct thorough assessment both preclinical studies current findings from focus on targeted interventions aimed at manipulating these pathways. We aim provide comprehensive overview state research area identify key areas future exploration.

Language: Английский

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Perivascular adipose tissue: Fine-tuner of vascular redox status and inflammation

Redox Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 62, P. 102683 - 102683

Published: March 20, 2023

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) refers to the aggregate of surrounding vasculature, exhibiting phenotypes white, beige and brown adipocytes. PVAT has emerged as an active modulator vascular homeostasis pathogenesis cardiovascular diseases in addition its structural role provide mechanical support blood vessels. More specifically, is closely involved regulation reactive oxygen species (ROS) inflammation along tree, through tight interaction between cellular components wall. Furthermore, phenotype-genotype at different regions vasculature varies corresponding risks. During ageing obesity, proportions signaling pathways vary favor by promoting ROS generation inflammation. Physiological means drugs that alter mass, may new therapeutic insights treatment diseases. In this review, we aim updated understanding towards context redox regulation, highlight potential targeting against complications.

Language: Английский

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Oxidative stress as a culprit in diabetic kidney disease

Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 322, P. 121661 - 121661

Published: April 5, 2023

Language: Английский

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Effects and potential mechanisms of exercise and physical activity on eye health and ocular diseases

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: March 22, 2024

In the field of eye health, profound impact exercise and physical activity on various ocular diseases has become a focal point attention. This review summarizes elucidates positive effects activities common diseases, including dry disease (DED), cataracts, myopia, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It also catalogues offers recommendations based varying impacts that different types intensities may have specific conditions. Beyond correlations, this compiles potential mechanisms through which beneficially affect health. From mitigating oxidative stress inflammatory responses, reducing intraocular pressure, enhancing mitochondrial function, to promoting blood circulation release protective factors, complex biological triggered by reveal their substantial in preventing even assisting treatment diseases. aims not only foster awareness appreciation for how can improve health but serve as catalyst further exploration into key targets Such inquiries are crucial advancing innovative strategies thereby holding significant implications development new therapeutic approaches.

Language: Английский

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Exercise in Diabetic Nephropathy: Protective Effects and Molecular Mechanism

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(7), P. 3605 - 3605

Published: March 23, 2024

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes, and its progression influenced by factors like oxidative stress, inflammation, cell death, fibrosis. Compared to drug treatment, exercise offers cost-effective low-risk approach slowing down DN progression. Through multiple ways mechanisms, helps control blood sugar pressure reduce serum creatinine albuminuria, thereby alleviating kidney damage. This review explores the beneficial effects on improvement highlights potential mechanisms for ameliorating DN. In-depth understanding role mechanism in improving would pave way formulating safe effective programs treatment prevention

Language: Английский

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Advances in Research Related to MicroRNA for Diabetic Retinopathy

Journal of Diabetes Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024, P. 1 - 21

Published: Feb. 12, 2024

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a severe microvascular complication of diabetes and one the primary causes blindness in working-age population Europe United States. At present, no cure available for DR, but early detection timely intervention can prevent rapid progression disease. Several treatments DR are known, primarily ophthalmic treatment based on glycemia, blood pressure, lipid control, which includes laser photocoagulation, glucocorticoids, vitrectomy, antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) medications. Despite clinical efficacy aforementioned therapies, none them entirely shorten course or reverse retinopathy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) vital regulators gene expression participate cell growth, differentiation, development, apoptosis. have been shown to play significant role particularly molecular mechanisms inflammation, oxidative stress, neurodegeneration. The aim this review systematically summarize signaling pathways miRNAs involved occurrence development mainly from pathogenesis neovascularization. Meanwhile, article also discusses research progress application miRNA-specific therapies DR.

Language: Английский

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MicroRNA‐181 in cardiovascular disease: Emerging biomarkers and therapeutic targets

The FASEB Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 38(9)

Published: May 1, 2024

Abstract Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) have attracted considerable attention for their roles in several cardiovascular states, including both physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we will briefly describe microRNA‐181 (miR‐181) transcription regulation summarize recent findings on miR‐181 family members as biomarkers or therapeutic targets different cardiovascular‐related conditions, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, hypertension, heart failure. Lessons learned from these studies may provide new theoretical foundations CVD.

Language: Английский

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Shear Stress-Induced AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Modulation in Endothelial Cells: Its Role in Metabolic Adaptions and Cardiovascular Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(11), P. 6047 - 6047

Published: May 31, 2024

Endothelial cells (ECs) line the inner surface of all blood vessels and form a barrier that facilitates controlled transfer nutrients oxygen from circulatory system to surrounding tissues. Exposed both laminar turbulent flow, ECs are continuously subject differential mechanical stimulation. It has been well established shear stress associated with flow (LF) is atheroprotective, while in areas (TF) correlates EC dysfunction. Moreover, show metabolic adaptions physiological changes, such as shifts quiescence proliferative state during angiogenesis. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) at center these phenomena. AMPK central role sensor several cell types. ECs, mechanosensitive, linking mechanosensation adaptions. Finally, recent studies indicate dysregulation cardiovascular disease (CVD) pharmacological targeting promising novel strategy treat CVDs atherosclerosis or ischemic injury. In this review, we summarize current knowledge relevant topic, focus on stress-induced modulation its consequences for vascular health disease.

Language: Английский

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