Obesity, Leptin and Breast Cancer: Epidemiological Evidence and Proposed Mechanisms

Cancers, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 62 - 62

Published: Jan. 9, 2019

The prevalence of obesity has been steadily increasing over the past few decades in several developed and developing countries, with resultant hazardous health implications. Substantial epidemiological evidence shown that excessive adiposity strongly influences risk, prognosis, progression various malignancies, including breast cancer. Indeed, it is now well recognized a complex physiologic state associated multiple molecular changes capable modulating behavior tumor cells as surrounding microenvironment. Particularly, insulin resistance, hyperactivation insulin-like growth factor pathways, increased levels estrogen due to aromatization by adipose tissue, inflammatory cytokines, adipokines contribute cancerogenesis. Among adipokines, leptin, whose circulating increase proportionally total tissue mass, identified key member network obesity. This review summarizes current knowledge on link existing between cancer outlines mechanisms underlying this connection. multifaceted role adipokine leptin respect also discussed.

Language: Английский

---

Relationship between plasma uric acid levels, antioxidant capacity, and oxidative damage markers in overweight and obese adults: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. e0312217 - e0312217

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

Obesity, a complex metabolic chronic illness, is commonly accompanied by an excessive production of free radicals, which influences the development its comorbidities. Uric acid linked to pro-oxidant effects on human health. Though recent evidence suggests potential antioxidant properties, it possible that increase in circulating uric levels adaptive protective response against detrimental excess radicals and oxidative stress present obese individuals. Hence, purpose this study was evaluate association between capacity damage markers with overweight individuals who live at sea level. This cross-sectional included 93 adult volunteers (28 men 65 women) from city Machala, El Oro, Ecuador, divided into three groups according Body Mass Index (normal weight, overweight, obese). Sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle elements, physical measurements were evaluated, blood samples collected all participants. Antioxidant oxidant markers, including Radical-Scavenging Activity Assay (DPPH), Ferric Reducing Ability Plasma (FRAP), Catalase (CAT) activity, Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS), Protein Thiol Groups (SH groups), assayed plasma samples. Coefficients correlations linear regression models applied antioxidant/oxidant parameters levels. The capacity, as measured FRAP scavenging CAT, significantly higher group compared normal weight group, presented significant positive (b: 0.578, R: 0.459, p: 0.003) CAT activity 1.326; 0.432, 0.005) Consequently, supports role pathogenesis obesity, contributing our understanding inflammation characterizes illness.

Language: Английский

---

Metabolic and Endocrine Consequences of Bariatric Surgery

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Sept. 19, 2019

Obesity is one of the most serious worldwide epidemics twenty-first century according to World Health Organization. Frequently associated with a number comorbidities, obesity threatens and compromises individual health quality life. Bariatric surgery (BS) has been demonstrated be an effective treatment achieve not only sustained weight loss but also significant metabolic improvement that goes beyond mere loss. The beneficial effects BS on traits are so widely recognized some authors have proposed as could prescribed even for moderate obesity. However, procedures imply malabsorption and/or gastric acid reduction which lead nutrient deficiency and, consequently, further complications developed in long term. In fact, affects homeostasis pronounced endocrine systems other than those exclusively involved function. somatotropic, corticotropic gonadal axes well bone shown affected by various procedures. Accordingly, consequences term system need addressed large cohorts, taking into account each bariatric procedure before making generalized recommendations BS. this review, current data regarding these issues summarized, paying special attention corticotropic, postoperative health.

Language: Английский

---

Total Oxidant and Antioxidant Capacity of Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Saliva in Patients with Periodontitis: Review and Clinical Study

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(5), P. 450 - 450

Published: May 23, 2020

Periodontitis is inextricably linked to oxidative-reductive (redox) imbalance. However, little still known about the resultant ability scavenge oxygen free radicals in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid patients with periodontitis. The multitude of enzymatic non-enzymatic antioxidants their synergistic effects cause an interest evaluation total antioxidative capacity. Thus, our study aimed evaluate oxidative activity periodontitis, as well relate these biomarkers clinical indices periodontopathy. Additionally, by calculating stress index (OSI), intensity redox disturbances was also evaluated. Fifty-eight periodontitis were included divided into two subgroups depending on severity disease. In non-stimulated/stimulated a group, we found significantly higher OSI oxidant status (TOS) lower antioxidant capacity (TAC). reduce iron ions (FRAP) only stimulated non-stimulated examined parameters correlated periodontium’s condition, which indicates exacerbation inflammatory process. TAC, TOS, OSI, FRAP did not differentiate individual stages

Language: Английский

---

A Case-Control Study of Salivary Redox Homeostasis in Hypertensive Children. Can Salivary Uric Acid be a Marker of Hypertension?

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. 837 - 837

Published: March 19, 2020

Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of hypertension; however, there are no data on salivary redox homeostasis and gland function children with hypertension. A total 53 hypertension age- sex-matched controls were classified for study. The antioxidant barrier oxidative/nitrosative evaluated non-stimulated (NWS) stimulated (SWS) whole saliva, plasma, erythrocytes, Student’s t-test Mann–Whitney U-test used statistical analysis. We demonstrated that activities superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase significantly higher NWS, SWS, erythrocytes hypertension, similar to oxidative damage proteins (advanced glycation end products) lipids (malondialdehyde) as well nitrosative markers (peroxynitrite nitrotyrosine). level uric acid (UA) was plasma UA concentration SWS correlated positively systolic diastolic blood pressure content plasma. This parameter differentiates from healthy (AUC = 0.98) high degree sensitivity (94%) specificity (94%). Stimulated flow lower group, protein amylase activity. In summary, childhood is associated hyposalivation disturbances defense enhanced both plasma/erythrocytes saliva. Salivary may be potential biomarker children.

Language: Английский

---

Salivary Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Stroke Patients: From Basic Research to Clinical Practice

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2021(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Cerebral stroke is a serious worldwide health problem, as can be seen by the global epidemic of disease. In this disorder, when blood flow compromised ruptures or blocked arteries, sudden death neurons observed result lack oxygen and nutrients. Numerous severe problems frequent complications also exist in patients; therefore, there an urgent need to develop new therapeutic, diagnostic, prognostic methods for At present, diagnosis based on neurological examination, medical history, neuroimaging, due fact that rapid noninvasive diagnostic tests are unavailable. Nevertheless, oxidative stress inflammation considered key factors pathogenesis. Oxygen free radicals responsible oxidation lipids, proteins, DNA/RNA, which turn contributes damage brain. Toxic products reactions act cytostatically cell damaging membranes leading neuronal apoptosis necrosis. Thus, it seems redox/inflammatory biomarkers might used Nowadays, saliva increasing interest clinical laboratory medicine. Redox could obtained easily, noninvasively, cheaply, stress‐free from saliva. This minireview aimed at presenting current knowledge concerning use salivary prognosis stroke.

Language: Английский

---

A Longitudinal Study of the Antioxidant Barrier and Oxidative Stress in Morbidly Obese Patients after Bariatric Surgery. Does the Metabolic Syndrome Affect the Redox Homeostasis of Obese People?

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(4), P. 976 - 976

Published: April 1, 2020

This is the first study to evaluate both antioxidant barrier, glutathione metabolism, and oxidative damage proteins lipids in morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric treatment. The included 65 with class 3 obesity divided into two subgroups: without metabolic syndrome (OB) (OB + MS). Blood samples were collected before surgery as well one, three, six, twelve months after Superoxide dismutase reduced (GSH) significantly decreased, whereas reductase uric acid enhanced compared lean control. Moreover, OB group, we observed increase of superoxide (SOD) decrease (UA) treatment; however, these changes not MS group. (advanced glycation end products, AGE; advanced oxidation protein AOPP) (8-isoprostanes, 8-isop; 4-hydroxynoneal) was higher patients. We noticed that AGE AOPP levels diminished treatment, redox status (ratio GSH oxidized glutathione) still Summarizing, morbid associated disturbances barrier lipids. Although improves homeostasis patients, those show a continuous status. In supplementation may be considered.

Language: Английский

---

The Impact of Hypertension and Metabolic Syndrome on Nitrosative Stress and Glutathione Metabolism in Patients with Morbid Obesity

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 2020, P. 1 - 10

Published: Sept. 10, 2020

In this pathbreaking study, we evaluated nitrosative stress in morbidly obese patients with and without metabolic syndrome. 62 women class 3 obesity (BMI>40 kg/m2) were divided into three subgroups: (OB), hypertension (OB+HYP), syndrome (OB+MS). comparison to the lean patients, OB had increased levels of serum myeloperoxidase (MPO), plasma nitric oxide (NO), S-nitrosothiols, peroxynitrite (ONOO − ), as well nitrotyrosine, while oxidized glutathione (GSSG) rose only OB+HYP group. Interestingly, ONOO was significantly higher OB+MS compared group, MPO greater nitrotyrosine S-nitrosothiol values than OB+HYP. Moreover, could differentiate from (AUC 0.9292; p<0.0001; 87.5% sensitivity, 90% specificity) between group 0.9125; id="M3">p<0.0001; 81.25% 83.33%). conclusion, showed that activity, NO formation, damage proteins parallel progression disturbances obesity. Evaluation concentrations may help predict development morbid obesity; however, longer-term studies are required for larger numbers patients.

Language: Английский

---

The Mechanisms and Management of Age-Related Oxidative Stress in Male Hypogonadism Associated with Non-communicable Chronic Disease

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(11), P. 1834 - 1834

Published: Nov. 18, 2021

Androgens have diverse functions in muscle physiology, lean body mass, the regulation of adipose tissue, bone density, neurocognitive regulation, and spermatogenesis, male reproductive sexual function. Male hypogonadism, characterized by reduced testosterone, is commonly seen ageing males, has a complex relationship as risk factor comorbidity age-related noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs), such obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, malignancy. Oxidative stress, significant contributor to process, common feature between NCDs, related comorbidities, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, inflammation. stress may also be mediator hypogonadism males. Consequently, management oxidative represent novel therapeutic approach this context. Therefore, narrative review aims discuss mechanisms associated with NCDs discusses current potential approaches for clinical these patients, which include conventional hormone replacement therapy, nutrition lifestyle changes, adherence optimal mass index, dietary antioxidant supplementation and/or phytomedicines.

Language: Английский

---

A New Insight into Meloxicam: Assessment of Antioxidant and Anti-Glycating Activity in In Vitro Studies

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 240 - 240

Published: Sept. 10, 2020

Meloxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which has preferential inhibitory effect to cyclooxyganase-2 (COX-2). Although the drug inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, exact mechanism of meloxicam still unknown. This first study assess on protein glyco-oxidation as well antioxidant activity. For this purpose, we used an in vitro model oxidized bovine serum albumin (BSA). Glucose, fructose, ribose, glyoxal and methylglyoxal were glycating agents, while chloramine T was oxidant. We evaluated properties (2,2-di-phenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity, total capacity ferric reducing power), intensity glycation (Amadori products, advanced end products) (dityrosine, kynurenine, N-formylkynurenine, tryptophan amyloid-β) content oxidation products (advanced carbonyl groups thiol groups). have demonstrated that enhances prevents under influence various factors such sugars, aldehydes oxidants. Importantly, anti-glycating activity similar routinely antioxidants captopril, Trolox, reduced glutathione lipoic acid inhibitors (aminoguanidine). Pleiotropic action may increase effectiveness treatment diseases with oxidative stress etiology.

Language: Английский

---