Vitamin D and cardiovascular health

Clinical Nutrition, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 40(5), P. 2946 - 2957

Published: Dec. 29, 2020

The principal source of vitamin D in humans is its biosynthesis the skin through a chemical reaction dependent on sun exposure. In lesser amounts, can be obtained from diet, mostly fatty fish, fish liver oil and mushrooms. Individuals with deficiency, defined as serum level 25 hydroxyvitamin < 20 ng/dl, should supplemented. Vitamin deficiency prevalent global problem caused mainly by low exposure to sunlight. main role 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin maintenance calcium phosphorus homeostasis. However, receptors are found most human cells tissues, indicating many extra-skeletal effects vitamin, particularly immune cardiovascular (CV) systems. regulates blood pressure acting endothelial smooth muscle cells. Its has been associated various CV risk factors appears linked higher mortality incidence disease (CVD). Several mechanisms have proposed relating such renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation, abnormal nitric oxide regulation, oxidative stress or altered inflammatory pathways. latest randomized controlled trials no benefits supplementation for CVD confirmed. Although more work needed establish protective this setting, according current evidences supplements not recommended prevention.

Language: Английский

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Oxidative Stress and Hyper-Inflammation as Major Drivers of Severe COVID-19 and Long COVID: Implications for the Benefit of High-Dose Intravenous Vitamin C

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: April 29, 2022

Oxidative stress is a pivotal point in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and presumably also Long-COVID. Inflammation oxidative are mutually reinforcing each other, thus contributing to systemic hyperinflammatory state coagulopathy which cardinal pathological mechanisms severe stages. patients, like other critically ill patients e.g. with pneumonia, very often show deficiency antioxidant vitamin C. So far, it has not been investigated how long this lasts or whether COVID symptoms suffer from deficiencies. A C deficit serious consequences because one most effective antioxidants, but co-factor many enzymatic processes that affect immune nervous system, blood circulation energy metabolism. Because its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, endothelial-restoring, immunomodulatory effects supportive intravenous (iv) use supraphysiological doses so far 12 controlled observational studies altogether 1578 inpatients COVID-19. In these an improved oxygenation, decrease inflammatory markers faster recovery were observed. addition, early treatment iv high dose seems reduce risks courses disease such as pneumonia mortality. Persistent inflammation, thrombosis dysregulated response (auto-immune phenomena and/or persistent viral load) seem be major contributors inflammation involved development progression fatigue neuro-psychiatric various diseases by disrupting tissue (e.g. autoantibodies), flow thrombosis) neurotransmitter metabolism excitotoxicity). oncological diseases, infections autoimmune associated fatigue, cognitive disorders, pain depression similar Long-COVID, was shown significantly relieve symptoms. Supportive acute might therefore risk

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of oxidative stress level: total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant status and glutathione activity in patients with COVID-19

New Microbes and New Infections, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 42, P. 100897 - 100897

Published: May 17, 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as a dangerous global pandemic, has led to high morbidity and mortality in all countries. There is lot of evidence for the possible role oxidative stress COVID-19. In present study, we aimed measure levels glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) oxidant status (TOS) serum patients with A 96 individuals without COVID-19 were enrolled divided into four groups, including hospitalised group non–intensive care units (non-ICU) (n = 35), intensive endotracheal intubation (EI) (ICU EI) 19), 24) healthy people our control 18). The study revealed that TOS level was significantly lower (p 0.001), GSH remarkably increased patients' groups < 0.001). TAC activity non-ICU had no significant difference comparison group. However, ICU EI this different from Moreover, there relationship between TOS, blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), fever, duration hospitalisation prognosis Area under curve (CI, 95%) GSH-C predict death among were, respectively, 0.907 (0.841, 0.973), 0.735 (0.626, 0.843) 0.820 (0.725, 0.914). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed have potential specificity sensitivity distinguish alive dead patients. We found elevated reduction indices can aggravate disease's severity Therefore, it be suggested apply agents one effective therapeutic strategies these groups.

Language: Английский

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The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) – A supportive approach with selected micronutrients

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 92(1), P. 13 - 34

Published: Jan. 25, 2021

Abstract. Worldwide the pandemic of COVID-19 spreads rapidly and has had an enormous public health impact with substantial morbidity mortality especially in high-risk groups, such as older people patients comorbidities like diabetes, dementia or cancer. In absence a vaccine against there is urgent need to find supportive therapies that can stabilize immune system help deal infection, for vulnerable groups elderly. This relevant our geriatric institutions nursing homes. A major potential contributing factor elderly due their high incidence malnutrition: up 80% among hospitalized Malnutrition results when adequate macronutrients micronutrients are lacking diet. Often missing discussions around preventing treating nutritional strategies support optimal function system. surprising, given importance nutrients play significant role function. Several micronutrients, vitamin D, retinol, C, selenium zinc special supporting both adaptive innate systems. As suboptimal status deficiencies these immune-relevant impair reduces resistance infections, micronutrient should therefore be corrected soon possible, other groups. According epidemiological, experimental observational studies, some case reports few intervention studies supplementation D and/or promising. The multiple anti-inflammatory immunomodulatory effects Vitamin could explain its protective hyper reaction cytokine storm severe COVID-19. randomized, placebo-controlled study even shows dose promotes viral clearance asymptomatic mildly symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals. Besides, data recent prospective reveal number them were deficient. deficient more complications deficiency was associated prolonged hospital stay increased mortality. Thus, may increase physiological resilience

Language: Английский

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Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in patients with COVID-19: Potential role of RAGE, HMGB1, GFAP and COX-2 in disease severity

International Immunopharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 104, P. 108502 - 108502

Published: Jan. 5, 2022

Language: Английский

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Understanding the Role of Free Radicals and Antioxidant Enzymes in Human Diseases

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 24(10), P. 1265 - 1276

Published: Nov. 22, 2022

Abstract: Antioxidant enzymes being an integral part of the defense mechanism have a crucial role in cellular metabolism, essential for healthy growth and living cells. The main function is to scavenge degrade free radicals, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitrogen (RNS). Endogenous antioxidant present mitochondria, cytosol, other parts participate capturing repairing oxidative damage system. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione are considered be first line especially important scavenging such as superoxide anion hydrogen peroxide. Numerous studies humans, well animal models, correlated reported about elevation enzymatic activity involved inhibiting controlling disease progression. Similarly, alterations due increase key progression diseases like cancer, atherosclerotic diseases, neurodegenerative Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, viral age-related ailments, etc. However, information enzymes, their specificity, radicals different oxidation process needs explored greater extent. This review focuses on our current understanding potential various great scope therapeutics against many dreadful diseases.

Language: Английский

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Oxidative stress status and vitamin D levels of asymptomatic to mild symptomatic COVID‐19 infections during the third trimester of pregnancy: A retrospective study in Metz, France

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 94(5), P. 2167 - 2173

Published: Jan. 21, 2022

It is believed that the subtle equilibrium between tolerance and immunity during unique biological state of pregnancy, which characterized by further physiological hormonal changes, rends pregnant women more vulnerable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this retrospective study, confirmed COVID-19-positive (n = 15) their third trimester, comprising asymptomatic 7) mild symptomatic 8), healthy controls 20), were enrolled June 1, 2020 2021 from Hospital CHR Metz-Thionville in Metz, France. Vitamin D concentrations, C-reactive protein (CRP), oxidative stress markers including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced (GSH) oxidized (GSSG) glutathione levels, hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), total antioxidant capacity, measured ferric reducing ability plasma (FRAP), evaluated serum patients controls. Results showed all (patients controls) study vitamin deficient (<20 ng/ml). However, COVID-19 severely (<12 ng/ml), may suggest a link deficiency symptomatology illness singleton pregnancy. No differences levels CRP majority studied (asymptomatic and/or mildly patients) versus COVID-19-negative found, suggesting absence or low magnitude with COVID-19. This also explain severe courses infection. More studies are warranted investigate role supplementation antioxidant-rich diets prevention against forms women.

Language: Английский

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Long-COVID Syndrome and the Cardiovascular System: A Review of Neurocardiologic Effects on Multiple Systems

Current Cardiology Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 24(11), P. 1711 - 1726

Published: Sept. 30, 2022

Language: Английский

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The role of cell death in SARS-CoV-2 infection

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Sept. 20, 2023

Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), showing high infectiousness, resulted in an ongoing pandemic termed disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 cases often experience distress syndrome, which has caused millions of deaths. Apart from triggering inflammatory and immune responses, many viral infections can cause programmed cell death infected cells. Cell mechanisms have a vital role maintaining suitable environment to achieve normal functionality. Nonetheless, these processes are dysregulated, potentially contributing pathogenesis. Over the past decades, multiple pathways becoming better understood. Growing evidence suggests that induction by may significantly contributes infection pathogenicity. However, interaction SARS-CoV-2 with death, together its associated mechanisms, is yet be elucidated. In this review, we summarize existing concerning molecular modulation as well viral-host interactions, shed new light on antiviral therapy against SARS-CoV-2.

Language: Английский

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Purple Sweet Potato Polysaccharide Exerting an Anti-inflammatory Effect via a TLR-Mediated Pathway by Regulating Polarization and Inhibiting the Inflammasome Activation

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 72(4), P. 2165 - 2177

Published: Jan. 17, 2024

Purple sweet potato polysaccharide (PSPP-1) is a novel glucan; this study aimed to examine the anti-inflammatory effect of PSPP-1 and elucidate its potential mechanisms. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 was used as model inflammation, cell viability, levels nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), calcium ion (Ca2+) were analyzed. ELISA qPCR assess productions mRNA expression cytokines, Western blotting protein expressions in TLR-mediated pathway, macrophage polarization, inflammasome activation. The results demonstrated inhibited proliferation markedly decreased NO, ROS, Ca2+ levels. Moreover, suppressed secretions pro-inflammatory cytokines increased those cytokines. Furthermore, could exert effects through different pathways mediated by both TLR2 TLR4, which modulated essential proteins myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-dependent toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon-β (TRIF)-dependent signaling pathways. even regulated polarization M1/M2 macrophages nucleotide oligomerization domain-like 3 (NLRP3) These findings indicate that can suppress LPS-induced inflammation via multiple may be agent for therapeutic inflammation-related pathophysiological processes disorders.

Language: Английский

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