A global assessment of recent trends in gastrointestinal cancer and lifestyle‐associated risk factors

Cancer Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 41(11), P. 1137 - 1151

Published: Sept. 25, 2021

Abstract Background Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers were responsible for 26.3% of cancer cases and 35.4% deaths worldwide in 2018. This study aimed to analyze the global incidence, mortality, prevalence, contributing risk factors 6 major GI entities [esophageal (EC), gastric (GC), liver (LC), pancreatic (PC), colon cancer, rectal cancer]. Methods Using Global Cancer Observatory Health databases, we reviewed current analyzed association prevalence with national human development indices (HDIs), identified factors, estimated developing age‐ sex‐specific trends incidence mortality. Results In 2020, trend age‐standardized rate closely mirrored that highest rates LC, EC, GC Asia colorectal (CRC) PC mainly Europe. Incidence mortality positively, but mortality‐to‐incidence ratio (MIR) was inversely correlated HDI levels. High MIRs countries likely reflected lack preventive strategies effective treatments. Europe also positively HDIs lifestyle‐associated such as alcohol consumption, smoking, obesity, insufficient physical activity, high blood cholesterol level, negatively hypertension diabetes. Incidences EC consistently those mostly decreasing, whereas incidences CRC increasing most countries/regions, especially younger populations. LC all age‐gender populations except males. Mortalities decreasing GC, age‐specific observed a decrease an increase older population. Conclusions On scale, higher burden accompanied, part, by associated so‐called Western lifestyle very countries/regions levels, patients survived longer, Optimizing prevention improving therapies, comorbid metabolic diseases, are thus urgently recommended.

Language: Английский

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Biological and pharmacological aspects of tannins and potential biotechnological applications

Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 414, P. 135645 - 135645

Published: Feb. 6, 2023

Language: Английский

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The Involvement of the Oxidative Stress Status in Cancer Pathology: A Double View on the Role of the Antioxidants

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2021(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Oxygen‐free radicals, reactive oxygen species (ROS) or nitrogen (RNS), are known by their “double‐sided” nature in biological systems. The beneficial effects of ROS involve physiological roles as weapons the arsenal immune system (destroying bacteria within phagocytic cells) and role programmed cell death (apoptosis). On other hand, redox imbalance favor prooxidants results an overproduction ROS/RNS leading to oxidative stress. This can, therefore, be related oncogenic stimulation. High levels disrupt cellular processes nonspecifically attacking proteins, lipids, DNA. It appears that DNA damage is key player cancer initiation formation 8‐OH‐G, a potential biomarker for carcinogenesis. harmful effect neutralized antioxidant protection treatment they convert into less species. However, contradictory epidemiological show supplementation above doses recommended antioxidants taken over long period can lead even increase risk cancer. Thus, we describing here some latest updates on involvement stress pathology double view this context how could relevant management

Language: Английский

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Potential of Sulforaphane as a Natural Immune System Enhancer: A Review

Molecules, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 752 - 752

Published: Feb. 1, 2021

Brassicaceae are an outstanding source of bioactive compounds such as ascorbic acid, polyphenols, essential minerals, isothiocyanates and their precursors, glucosinolates (GSL). Recently, GSL gained great attention because the health promoting properties hydrolysis products: isothiocyanates. Among them, sulforaphane (SFN) became most attractive one owing to its remarkable health-promoting properties. SFN may prevent different types cancer has ability improve hypertensive states, type 2 diabetes–induced cardiomyopathy, protect against gastric ulcer. also help in schizophrenia treatment, recently it was proposed that potential those who struggle with obesity. The mechanism underlying effect relates indirect action at cellular level by inducing antioxidant Phase II detoxifying enzymes through activation transcription nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like (Nrf2). on immune response is generating scientific interest, bioavailability, which much higher than other phytochemicals, capacity induce Nrf2 target genes. Clinical trials suggest produces favorable results cases where pharmaceutical products fail. This article provides a revision about relationship between diseases. Special given clinical related system disorders.

Language: Английский

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Enzymatic Metabolism of Flavonoids by Gut Microbiota and Its Impact on Gastrointestinal Cancer

Cancers, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(16), P. 3934 - 3934

Published: Aug. 4, 2021

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is a prevalent global health disease with massive burden on care providers. Internal and external factors such as obesity, smoking, diet (red meat), low socioeconomic status infection Helicobacter pylori are the critical risk of GI cancers. Flavonoids natural phenolic compounds found abundantly in fruits vegetables. Upon ingestion, 90% flavonoids consumed require further enzymatic metabolism by gut microbiome to enhance their bioavailability absorption. Several epidemiological studies reported that consumption conversion microbes strongly associated reduced development. This review summarizes current knowledge human microbiome. It also addresses underlying anti-GI effects metabolic pathways apoptosis cellular proliferation. Overall, metabolites produced from flavonoid’s illustrate effects, but mechanisms action need clarification.

Language: Английский

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A Comprehensive View on the Quercetin Impact on Colorectal Cancer

Molecules, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(6), P. 1873 - 1873

Published: March 14, 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third type of in incidence and second mortality worldwide, with newly diagnosed case number on rise. Among patients, approximately 70% have no hereditary germ-line mutations or family history pathology, thus being termed sporadic CRC. Diet environmental factors are to date considered solely responsible for development CRC; therefore; attention should be directed towards discovery preventative actions combat CRC initiation, promotion, progression. Quercetin is a polyphenolic flavonoid plant secondary metabolite well-characterized antioxidant activity. It has been extensively reported as an anti-carcinogenic agent scientific literature, modulated targets quercetin also characterized context CRC, mainly original research publications. In this fairly comprehensive review, we summarize molecular vivo vitro models, while giving background information about signal transduction pathways that it up- downregulates. most relevant pathways, Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT, MAPK/Erk, JNK, p38, p53, NF-κB described. With work, hope encourage further quests elucidation activity single agent, dietary component, pharmaconutrient delivered form extracts.

Language: Английский

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Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins: An Updated Review of Their Natural Sources, Synthesis, and Potentials

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 1004 - 1004

Published: April 26, 2023

Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins (OPCs), as a class of compounds widely found in plants, are particularly abundant grapes and blueberries. It is polymer comprising many different monomers, such catechins epicatechins. The monomers usually linked to each other by two types links, A-linkages (C-O-C) B-linkages (C-C), form the polymers. Numerous studies have shown that compared high polymeric procyanidins, OPCs exhibit antioxidant properties due presence multiple hydroxyl groups. This review describes molecular structure natural source OPCs, their general synthesis pathway capacity, potential applications, especially anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, cardiovascular disease prevention, antineoplastic functions. Currently, attracted much attention, being non-toxic antioxidants plant origin scavenge free radicals from human body. would provide some references for further research on biological functions application various fields.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of Action of Fruit and Vegetable Phytochemicals in Colorectal Cancer Prevention

Molecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(11), P. 4322 - 4322

Published: May 24, 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common worldwide and its incidence expected to increase by almost 80% 2030. CRC apparition related poor diet, mainly due low consumption of phytochemicals present in fruits vegetables. Hence, this paper reviews promising literature, presenting scientific evidence regarding potential chemopreventive effects. Moreover, reveals structure action mechanisms that these are involved in. The review vegetables rich such as carrots green leafy vegetables, well some pineapple, citrus fruits, papaya, mango, Cape gooseberry, have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, properties can promote a healthy colonic environment. Fruits daily diet antitumor regulating cell signaling and/or proliferation pathways. plant products recommended reduce risk CRC.

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic potential of flavonoids in gastrointestinal cancer: Focus on signaling pathways and improvement strategies (Review)

Molecular Medicine Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31(4), P. 1 - 34

Published: Feb. 24, 2025

Flavonoids are a group of polyphenolic compounds distributed in vegetables, fruits and other plants, which have considerable antioxidant, anti‑tumor anti‑inflammatory activities. Several types gastrointestinal (GI) cancer the most common malignant tumors world. A large number studies shown that flavonoids inhibitory effects on cancer, they recognized as class potential drugs. Therefore, present review investigated molecular mechanisms treatment different GI summarized drug delivery systems commonly used to improve their bioavailability. First, classification therapeutic various human diseases were briefly introduced. Then, clarify mechanism action body, metabolic process body associated signaling pathways causing five discussed, well corresponding targets flavonoids. Finally, clinical settings, poor water solubility, low permeability inferior stability, lead absorption efficiency vivo. three widely summarized. Suggestions for improving bioavailability focus next stage research also put forward.

Language: Английский

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Polyphenolic Proanthocyanidin-B2 suppresses proliferation of liver cancer cells and hepatocellular carcinogenesis through directly binding and inhibiting AKT activity

Redox Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 37, P. 101701 - 101701

Published: Aug. 25, 2020

The well-documented anticarcinogenic properties of natural polyphenolic proanthocyanidins (OPC) have been primarily attributed to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potency. Emerging evidence suggests that OPC may target canonical oncogenic pathways, including PI3K/AKT; however, the underlying mechanism therapeutic potential remain elusive. Here we identify proanthocyanidin B2 (OPC-B2) directly binds inhibits AKT activity downstream signalling, thereby suppressing tumour cell proliferation metabolism in vitro a xenograft diethyl-nitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mouse models. We further find OPC-B2 catalytic regulatory PH domains lock protein closed conformation, similar well-studied allosteric inhibitor MK-2206. Molecular docking dynamic simulation suggest Lys297 Arg86 are critical sites binding; mutation or alanine completely abolishes antitumor effects but not Together, our study reveals is novel with potent anti-tumour efficacy beyond its properties.

Language: Английский

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