Toxic Mechanisms of Five Heavy Metals: Mercury, Lead, Chromium, Cadmium, and Arsenic

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: April 13, 2021

The industrial activities of the last century have caused massive increases in human exposure to heavy metals. Mercury, lead, chromium, cadmium, and arsenic been most common metals that induced poisonings. Here, we reviewed mechanistic action these according available animal studies. Acute or chronic poisonings may occur following through water, air, food. Bioaccumulation leads a diversity toxic effects on variety body tissues organs. Heavy disrupt cellular events including growth, proliferation, differentiation, damage repairing processes, apoptosis. Comparison mechanisms reveals similar pathways for induce toxicity ROS generation, weakening antioxidant defense, enzymes inactivation, oxidative stress. On other hand, some them selective binding specific macromolecules. interaction lead with aminolevulinic acid dehydratase ferrochelatase is within this context. Reactions certain proteins were discussed as well. Some cause genomic instability. Defects DNA repair induction stress by three considered their carcinogenicity. Even current knowledge hazards metals, incidence poisoning remains considerable requires preventive effective treatment. application chelation therapy management could be another aspect future.

Language: Английский

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The double-edged roles of ROS in cancer prevention and therapy

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(10), P. 4839 - 4857

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve as cell signaling molecules generated in oxidative metabolism and are associated with a number of human diseases. The reprogramming redox induces abnormal accumulation ROS cancer cells. It has been widely accepted that play opposite roles tumor growth, metastasis apoptosis according to their different distributions, concentrations durations specific subcellular structures. These double-edged progression include the ROS-dependent malignant transformation stress-induced death. In this review, we summarize notable literatures on generation scavenging, discuss related signal transduction networks corresponding anticancer therapies. There is no doubt an improved understanding sophisticated mechanism biology imperative conquer cancer.

Language: Английский

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The multifaceted role of reactive oxygen species in tumorigenesis

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 77(22), P. 4459 - 4483

Published: May 1, 2020

Language: Английский

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Molecular mechanisms and consequences of mitochondrial permeability transition

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 23(4), P. 266 - 285

Published: Dec. 8, 2021

Language: Английский

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Anti-Angiogenic Therapy: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(7), P. 3765 - 3765

Published: April 5, 2021

Anti-angiogenic therapy is an old method to fight cancer that aims abolish the nutrient and oxygen supply tumor cells through decrease of vascular network avoidance new blood vessels formation. Most anti-angiogenic agents approved for treatment rely on targeting endothelial growth factor (VEGF) actions, as VEGF signaling considered main angiogenesis promotor. In addition control angiogenesis, these drugs can potentiate immune also exhibits immunosuppressive functions. Despite mechanistic rational strongly supports benefit stop progression, they revealed be insufficient in most cases. We hypothesize rehabilitation interfere with mechanisms related microenvironment might represent a promising strategy. this review, we deepened research molecular underlying strategies their failure went further into alternative impact angiogenesis. concluded combinatory effectors angiogenic pathways putative solution therapies.

Language: Английский

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Reactive Oxygen Species‐Regulating Strategies Based on Nanomaterials for Disease Treatment

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8(3)

Published: Dec. 20, 2020

Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential role in physiological and pathological processes. Studies on the regulation of ROS for disease treatments have caused wide concern, mainly involving topics ROS‐regulating therapy such as antioxidant triggered by scavengers ROS‐induced toxic mediated ROS‐elevation agents. Benefiting from remarkable advances nanotechnology, a large number nanomaterials with ability are developed to seek new effective ROS‐related nanotherapeutic modalities or nanomedicines. Although considerable achievements been made ROS‐based nanomedicines treatments, some fundamental but key questions rational design principle held low regard. Here, can serve initial framework scientists technicians optimize nanomedicines, thereby minimizing gap biomedical application during stage. Herein, overview current progress ROS‐associated is summarized. And then, particularly addressing these known strategies therapy, several principles presented. Finally, future perspectives also discussed depth development

Language: Английский

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Cold Atmospheric Plasma: A Powerful Tool for Modern Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(8), P. 2932 - 2932

Published: April 22, 2020

Cold atmospheric plasma use in clinical studies is mainly limited to the treatment of chronic wounds, but its application a wide range medical fields now goal many analyses. It therefore likely that spectrum will be expanded future. has been shown reduce microbial load without any known significant negative effects on healthy tissues, and this should enhance possible infection site. also have anti-tumour effects. In addition, it acts proliferatively stem cells other cultivated cells, highly increased nitric oxide levels very important effect proliferation. may beneficial immunotherapy cancer patients. Finally, devices not remain surface structures, because current endeavours develop sufficiently miniature microplasma could lead subcutaneous internal structures. This study summarises available literature cold action mechanisms analyses vivo vitro use, primarily regenerative dental medicine oncology.

Language: Английский

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Enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticles for cancer treatment using versatile targeted strategies

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Sept. 12, 2022

Poor targeting of therapeutics leading to severe adverse effects on normal tissues is considered one the obstacles in cancer therapy. To help overcome this, nanoscale drug delivery systems have provided an alternative avenue for improving therapeutic potential various agents and bioactive molecules through enhanced permeability retention (EPR) effect. Nanosystems with cancer-targeted ligands can achieve effective tumor cells utilizing cell surface-specific receptors, vasculature antigens high accuracy affinity. Additionally, stimuli-responsive nanoplatforms also been as a promising strategy against tumors, these maintain their stealth feature under conditions, but upon homing cancerous lesions or microenvironment, are responsive release cargoes. In this review, we comprehensively summarize field active number studies context emerging nanoplatform development, discuss how knowledge contribute further improvements clinical practice.

Language: Английский

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Growth Factors, PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK Signaling Pathways in Colorectal Cancer Pathogenesis: Where Are We Now?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(19), P. 10260 - 10260

Published: Sept. 23, 2021

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a predominant malignancy worldwide, being the fourth most common cause of mortality and morbidity. The CRC incidence in adolescents, young adults, adult populations increasing every year. In pathogenesis CRC, various factors are involved including diet, sedentary life, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, gut microbiota, diabetes, genetic mutations. tumor microenvironment (TME) involves complex cooperation between tumoral cells with stroma, immune, endothelial cells. Cytokines several growth (GFs) will sustain cell proliferation, survival, motility, invasion. Epidermal factor receptor (EGFR), Insulin-like -1 (IGF-1R), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor -A (VEGF-A) overexpressed human cancers CRC. phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target rapamycin (mTOR) all three major subfamilies mitogen-activated protein (MAPK) signaling pathways may be activated by GFs further play key roles development. main aim this review to present incidence, risk factors, pathogenesis, impact during its Moreover, article describes relationship EGF, IGF, VEGF, inhibitors, PI3K/AKT/mTOR-MAPK pathways,

Language: Английский

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Therapy resistance: opportunities created by adaptive responses to targeted therapies in cancer

Nature reviews. Cancer, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 22(6), P. 323 - 339

Published: March 9, 2022

Language: Английский

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