A Transcriptomic Evaluation of Neuroactive Receptors in the Colon of a Dextran Sodium Sulphate Pig Model of Colitis DOI Creative Commons
Marion T. Ryan, J.V. O’Doherty, Torres Sweeney

et al.

Nutraceuticals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(3), P. 395 - 408

Published: July 17, 2024

The enteric nervous system (ENS) interacts bidirectionally with the local immune system, responding to inflammation within gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In a previous study same samples, several gene targets were identified as being differentially expressed in inflamed colonic tissue of pigs challenged dextran sodium sulphate (DSS). Additionally, animals basal DSS group, exhibited reduced growth and increased fecal pathology scores, while relative abundance beneficial taxa was harmful bacteria increased. While changes innate response barrier function are widely cited regarding inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), effects on structures less well understood. Hence, objectives this to: (1) evaluate expression range functionally diverse neuroactive receptors, transporters neurotrophic factors RNA derived from pigs; (2) examine associations these components inflammatory, matrix remodeling targets. Mature split into two experimental groups: diet (n = 10); + 11). orally once daily for four days sacrificed humanely. Colonic collected analysis. Most evaluated present at low levels or some cases undetectable by QPCR, including dopamine receptor DRD5 serotonin HTR3A. receptors (DRD1, DRD3, DRD4), (HTR4), other selected (GRM7, GABRA2) down-regulated DSS-challenged group (p < 0.05). notably, DRD2, up-regulated four-fold, suggesting an active process involving Relationships (previously published) data samples suggest that DRD1 DRD2 influenced different pathways may also be interlinked and, more specifically, genes relevant epithelial mesenchymal transition (CDH1, CDH2, IL6, IL13, IL10, MMP1, MMP2) important fibrotic pathogenesis IBD.

Language: Английский

Dysregulated brain-gut axis in the setting of traumatic brain injury: review of mechanisms and anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapies DOI Creative Commons

Mahmoud G. El Baassiri,

Zachariah Raouf,

Sarah Badin

et al.

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: May 10, 2024

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a chronic and debilitating disease, associated with high risk of psychiatric neurodegenerative diseases. Despite significant advancements in improving outcomes, the lack effective treatments underscore urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies. The brain-gut axis has emerged as crucial bidirectional pathway connecting gastrointestinal (GI) system through an intricate network neuronal, hormonal, immunological pathways. Four main pathways are primarily implicated this crosstalk, including systemic immune system, autonomic enteric nervous systems, neuroendocrine microbiome. TBI induces profound changes gut, initiating unrestrained vicious cycle that exacerbates axis. Alterations gut include mucosal damage malabsorption nutrients/electrolytes, disintegration intestinal barrier, increased infiltration cells, dysmotility, dysbiosis, enteroendocrine cell (EEC) dysfunction disruption (ENS) (ANS). Collectively, these further contribute to neuroinflammation neurodegeneration via gut-brain In review article, we elucidate roles various anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapies capable attenuating dysregulated inflammatory response along TBI. These agents hormones such serotonin, ghrelin, progesterone, ANS regulators beta-blockers, lipid-lowering drugs like statins, flora modulators probiotics antibiotics. They attenuate by targeting distinct both post-TBI. exhibit promising potential mitigating inflammation enhancing neurocognitive outcomes patients.

Language: Английский

Citations

12
Histological and Chemical Analysis of Heavy Metals in Kidney and Gills of Boops boops: Melanomacrophages Centers and Rodlet Cells as Environmental Biomarkers DOI Creative Commons
Alessio Alesci, Nicola Cicero, Angelo Fumia

et al.

Toxics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(5), P. 218 - 218

Published: April 27, 2022

Industrialization has resulted in a massive increase garbage output, which is frequently discharged or stored waterways like rivers and seas. Due to their toxicity, durability, bioaccumulation, biomagnification, heavy metals (such as mercury, cadmium, lead) have been identified strong biological poisons. Their presence the aquatic environment potential affect water quality parameters life general. Teleosts' histopathology provides sensitive indicator of pollutant-induced stress, because organs central role transformation different active chemical compounds environment. In particular, gills, kidneys, liver are placed at center toxicological studies. The purpose this study examine morphological changes caused by kidney gills Boops boops, with focus on melanomacrophages centers (MMCs) rodlet cells (RCs) environmental biomarkers, using histological histochemical stainings (hematoxylin/eosin, Van Gieson trichrome, Periodic Acid Schiff reaction, Alcian Blue/PAS 2.5), immunoperoxidase methods. Our findings show an MMCs RCs linked higher exposure metals, confirming these aggregates reliable biomarkers reflected fish fauna. cytological could be important gaining better understanding complicated immune systems teleosts.

Language: Английский

Citations

36
Confocal Characterization of Intestinal Dendritic Cells from Myxines to Teleosts DOI Creative Commons
Alessio Alesci, Gioele Capillo, Angelo Fumia

et al.

Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 1045 - 1045

Published: July 12, 2022

Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting (APCs) that regulate the beginning of adaptive immune responses. The mechanisms tolerance to antigens moving through digestive tract known be regulated by intestinal DCs. Agnatha and Gnathostoma descendants a common ancestor. Ostracoderms gave rise Cyclostomes, whereas Placoderms Chondrichthyes.

Language: Английский

Citations

26
Coelomocytes of the Oligochaeta earthworm Lumbricus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) as evolutionary key of defense: a morphological study DOI Creative Commons
Alessio Alesci, Gioele Capillo, Angelo Fumia

et al.

Zoological Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: March 4, 2023

Abstract Metazoans have several mechanisms of internal defense for their survival. The system evolved alongside the organisms. Annelidae circulating coelomocytes that perform functions comparable to phagocytic immune cells vertebrates. Several studies shown these are involved in phagocytosis, opsonization, and pathogen recognition processes. Like vertebrate macrophages, permeate organs from coelomic cavity capture or encapsulate pathogens, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO). Furthermore, they produce a range bioactive proteins response detoxification through lysosomal system. Coelomocytes can also participate lithic reactions against target release antimicrobial peptides. Our study immunohistochemically identify Lumbricus terrestris scattered epidermal connective layer below, both longitudinal smooth muscle layer, immunoreactive TLR2, CD14 α-Tubulin first time. TLR2 not fully colocalized with each other, suggesting may belong two distinct families. expression molecules on confirms crucial role Oligochaeta protostomes, phylogenetic conservation receptors. These data could provide further insights into understanding Annelida complex

Language: Английский

Citations

14
Localization of vasoactive intestinal peptide and toll‐like receptor 2 immunoreactive cells in endostyle of urochordate Styela plicata (Lesueur, 1823) DOI
Alessio Alesci, Simona Pergolizzi, Patrizia Lo Cascio

et al.

Microscopy Research and Technique, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 85(7), P. 2651 - 2658

Published: April 8, 2022

The endostyle is the first component of ascidian digestive tract, it shaped like a through and located in pharynx's ventral wall. This organ divided longitudinally into nine zones that are parallel to each other. Each zone's cells physically functionally distinct. Support elements found 1, 3, 5, while mucoproteins secreting related filtering function 2, 4, 6. Zones 7, 8, 9, which lateral dorsal section endostyle, include with high iodine peroxidase concentrations. Immunohistochemical technique using following antibodies, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), lectin histochemistry (WGA-wheat-germagglutinin), were used this investigation define immune Styela plicata (Lesueur, 1823). Our results demonstrate presence S. plicata, highlighting innate mechanisms highly conserved phylogeny chordates. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Immune positive TLR-2 VIP plicata. Expression WGA several endostyle. Use comparative biology improve knowledge about immunology ascidians.

Language: Английский

Citations

22
The role of colonic microbiota amino acid metabolism in gut health regulation DOI Creative Commons
Youli Chen, Jing‐Yuan Fang

Cell Insight, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100227 - 100227

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

The human gut microbiota plays a critical role in maintaining host homeostasis through metabolic activities. Among these, amino acid (AA) metabolism by the large intestine is highly heterogeneous and relevant to health. Despite increasing interest, microbial AA remains relatively unexplored. This review highlights recent advances colonic metabolism, including auxotrophies, synthesis, dissimilatory metabolites, their implications health, focusing on major gastrointestinal diseases colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable syndrome.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Physical Exercise Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Autonomic Dysregulation in a Rat Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease DOI Creative Commons
Brenda Lois Barros dos Santos, Alda Cássia Alves da Silva, Juliana Soares Severo

et al.

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 328 - 328

Published: March 10, 2025

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) induces immunological and autonomic imbalances. Exercise is a beneficial strategy for controlling IBD symptoms. We investigated the role of exercise on gastrointestinal (GI) motility changes parameters in rats with ileitis. Rats were divided into control, ileitis, exercise+ileitis groups. Ileitis was induced by TNBS (40 mM, intraileally). The swimming (1 h/day/4 weeks, 5%/bw). assessed eating behaviour oxidative stress. Body composition bioimpedance. Autonomic balance ECG measured an electrocardiogram (ECG). Gastrointestinal evaluated using phenol red technique. In terms body composition, total water (TBW), mass index (BMI), fat-free (FFM) higher ileitis group (216.80 ± 11.44 mL; 24.09 2.15 g/cm2; 287.1 14.66 g) (p < 0.05) vs. control (130.06 28.23 16.38 2.50 193 42.21 prevented (91.33 12.33 11.73 0.47 133.8 16.82 these changes. reduction gastric retention (11.22 1.91% 35.17 1.01% 33.96 1.77%). increased intestinal duodenum (46.3 2.56% 24.98 1.78%) jejunum (34.22 2.33% 34.72 2.83% 47.32 1.48%) decreased ileum group. Exercise+ileitis (24.96 1.66% 46.3 2.56%) (40.32 3.75% 14.08 0.88%). high MDA levels (4.43 0.69 0.12 nmol/mg tissue). This effect (2.75 0.21 4.43 observed LF component (31.32 3.99 43.43 3.86). correlation indicated stronger interrelationship between parameter (r: 0.68; p: 0.04). current study suggests alters GI balance, physical can represent essential non-pharmacological approach to treatment.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Immunogenicity, effectiveness, safety and psychological impact of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines DOI Open Access
Alessio Alesci, Marco Gitto, Magdalena Kotańska

et al.

Human Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 83(11), P. 755 - 767

Published: Aug. 8, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

12
Association between neuropeptides and mucins in Crohn’s disease mucous cells DOI

Anthea Miller,

Giuseppina Cutroneo,

Giorgia Pia Lombardo

et al.

Acta Histochemica, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 125(8), P. 152115 - 152115

Published: Nov. 17, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Beyond the Brain: Perinatal Exposure of Rats to Serotonin Enhancers Induces Long-Term Changes in the Jejunum and Liver DOI Creative Commons
Romana Gračan, Sofia Ana Blažević,

Matea Brižić

et al.

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 357 - 357

Published: Feb. 3, 2024

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT) homeostasis is essential for many physiological processes in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. Hyperserotonemia, a measurable sign of 5HT disruption, can be caused by 5HT-directed treatment psychiatric gastrointestinal diseases. Its impact on long-term balance function compartment remains unresolved requires further research due to possible effects human health. We explored perinatal imbalance organs responsible serotonin metabolism—the jejunum, synthesis site, liver, catabolism site—in adult rats. Hyperserotonemia was induced subchronic with precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan (5HTP) or degradation inhibitor tranylcypromine (TCP). The jejunum liver were collected postnatal day 70 analyzed histomorphometrically. Relative mRNA levels 5HT-regulating proteins determined using qRT-PCR. Compared controls, 5HTP- TCP-treated rats had reduced number 5HT-producing cells expression 5HT-synthesising enzyme an increased 5HT-transporter accompanied karyomegaly hepatocytes, these differences being more pronounced animals. Here, we report that disbalance cellular molecular changes regulating 5HT-metabolism, which may have negative availability periphery. Our rat model demonstrates link between developmental abnormalities 5HT-related life suitable exploring neurobiological substrates vulnerability behavioral metabolic disorders, as well modeling adverse prenatal exposure enhancers population.

Language: Английский

Citations

1