Metastasis and MAPK Pathways

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(7), P. 3847 - 3847

Published: March 31, 2022

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. In many cases, the treatment disease limited due to metastasis cells distant locations body through blood and lymphatic drainage. Most anticancer therapeutic options focus mainly on inhibition tumor cell growth or induction death, do not consider molecular basis metastasis. The aim this work provide comprehensive review focusing cancer mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway (ERK/JNK/P38 signaling) as crucial modulator process.

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the mechanisms and challenges of cancer drug resistance

Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Feb. 12, 2024

Abstract Cancer treatment faces many hurdles and resistance is one among them. Anti-cancer strategies are evolving due to innate acquired capacity, governed by genetic, epigenetic, proteomic, metabolic, or microenvironmental cues that ultimately enable selected cancer cells survive progress under unfavorable conditions. Although the mechanism of drug being widely studied generate new target-based drugs with better potency than existing ones. However, broader flexibility in resistance, advanced therapeutic options efficacy need be explored. Combination therapy an alternative a success rate though risk amplified side effects commonplace. Moreover, recent groundbreaking precision immune ways overcome has revolutionized anticancer greater extent only limitation individual-specific needs further attention. This review will focus on challenges opted withstand current therapies at molecular level also highlights emerging -like immunological, stem cell-based may prove have potential challenge problem resistance.

Language: Английский

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Nanotechnology Advances in the Detection and Treatment of Cancer: An Overview

Nanotheranostics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6(4), P. 400 - 423

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Over the last few years, progress has been made across nanomedicine landscape, in particular, invention of contemporary nanostructures for cancer diagnosis and overcoming complexities clinical treatment cancerous tissues.Thanks to their small diameter large surface-to-volume proportions, nanomaterials have special physicochemical properties that empower them bind, absorb transport high-efficiency substances, such as molecular drugs, DNA, proteins, RNAs, probes.They also excellent durability, high carrier potential, ability integrate both hydrophobic hydrophilic compounds, compatibility with various routes, making especially appealing over a wide range oncology fields.This is due configurable scale, structure, surface properties.This review paper discusses how can function therapeutic vectors enhance value molecules; be used medicinal products gene therapy, photodynamics, thermal treatment; finally, application form imaging agents diagnose map tumor growth.

Language: Английский

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Cancer cell cycle heterogeneity as a critical determinant of therapeutic resistance

Genes & Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 189 - 204

Published: Jan. 14, 2023

Intra-tumor heterogeneity is now arguably one of the most-studied topics in tumor biology, as it represents a major obstacle to effective cancer treatment. Since cells are highly diverse at genetic, epigenetic, and phenotypic levels, intra-tumor can be assumed an important contributing factor nullification chemotherapeutic effects, recurrence tumor. Based on role heterogeneous subpopulations with varying cell-cycle dynamics behavior during progression treatment; herein, we aim establish comprehensive definition for adaptation neoplastic against therapy. We discuss two parallel yet distinct that play pivotal roles reducing effects chemotherapy: "resistant" "tolerant" populations. Furthermore, this review also highlights impact quiescent phase cell cycle survival mechanism cells. Beyond understanding mechanisms underlying quiescence, provides insightful perspective stem (CSCs) their dual intertwined functions based state response Moreover, CSCs, epithelial–mesenchymal transformed cells, circulating (CTCs), disseminated (DTCs), which mostly proved have multiple biological links implicated our viewpoint tumors. Overall, increasing knowledge key identifying new therapeutic solutions, emerging concept may provide us opportunities prevent dreadful recurrence.

Language: Английский

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Metabolic reprogramming and therapeutic resistance in primary and metastatic breast cancer

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Nov. 21, 2024

Metabolic alterations, a hallmark of cancer, enable tumor cells to adapt their environment by modulating glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, which fuels rapid growth contributes treatment resistance. In primary breast metabolic shifts such as the Warburg effect enhanced lipid synthesis are closely linked chemotherapy failure. Similarly, metastatic lesions often display distinct profiles that not only sustain but also confer resistance targeted therapies immunotherapies. The review emphasizes two major aspects: mechanisms driving in both how unique environments sites further complicate treatment. By targeting vulnerabilities at stages, new strategies could improve efficacy existing provide better outcomes for cancer patients.

Language: Английский

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Biomarkers of Cancer Stem Cells for Experimental Research and Clinical Application

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 715 - 715

Published: April 29, 2022

The use of biomarkers in cancer diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis has been highly effective over several decades. Studies patients pre- post-treatment during progression have helped identify stem cells (CSCs) their related microenvironments. These analyses are critical for the therapeutic application drugs efficient targeting prevention progression, as well investigation mechanism development. Biomarkers that characterize CSCs thus identified correlated to prognosis. However, demonstrate elevated levels plasticity, which alters functional phenotype appearance by interacting with microenvironments, response chemotherapy radiotherapeutics. In turn, these changes induce different metabolic adaptations CSCs. This article provides a review most frequently used cell markers.

Language: Английский

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Targeting Cancer Stem Cells as the Key Driver of Carcinogenesis and Therapeutic Resistance

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(2), P. 1786 - 1786

Published: Jan. 16, 2023

The emerging concept of cancer stem cells (CSCs) as the key driver behind carcinogenesis, progression, and diversity has displaced prior model a tumor composed with similar subsequently acquired mutations an equivalent capacity for renewal, invasion, metastasis. This significant change shifted research focus toward targeting CSCs to eradicate cancer. may be characterized using cell surface markers. They are defined by their self-renew differentiate, resist conventional therapies, generate new tumors following repeated transplantation in xenografted mice. CSCs' functional capabilities governed various intracellular extracellular variables such pluripotency-related transcription factors, internal signaling pathways, external stimuli. Numerous natural compounds synthetic chemicals have been investigated ability disrupt these regulatory components inhibit stemness terminal differentiation CSCs, hence achieving clinical implications. However, no treatment focuses on biological consequences drugs functions established. article provides biomedical discussion at time along overview origin, features, characterization, isolation techniques, novel targeted therapeutic approaches. Additionally, we highlighted factors endorsed controlling or helping promote CSCs. Our objective was encourage future studies prospective treatments develop framework application single combined therapeutics forms

Language: Английский

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Cancer stem cells and their niche in cancer progression and therapy

Cancer Cell International, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Dec. 1, 2023

Abstract High recurrence and metastasis rates poor prognoses are the major challenges of current cancer therapy. Mounting evidence suggests that stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in development, chemoradiotherapy resistance, recurrence, metastasis. Therefore, targeted CSC therapy has become a new strategy for solving problems recurrence. Since properties CSCs regulated by specific tumour microenvironment, so-called niche, which targets crosstalk between their niches, is vital our pursuit therapeutic opportunities to prevent from recurring. In this review, we aim highlight factors within niche have roles regulating properties, including extracellular matrix (ECM), stromal (e.g., associated macrophages (TAMs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), mesenchymal (MSCs)), physiological changes inflammation, hypoxia, angiogenesis). We also discuss recent progress regarding therapies targeting elucidate developments more effective strategies eliminate cancer.

Language: Английский

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A comprehensive review on the use of traditional Chinese medicine for cancer treatment

Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11, P. 100423 - 100423

Published: April 2, 2024

Healthcare in China has historically relied on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), which had far-reaching effects healthcare systems neighboring nations. TCM generated anticancer herbal medications. Cancer clinical trials have also examined remedies. Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar were among the online databases that searched. Consequently, this review set out to compile a synopsis documented phytochemistry pharmacological activities selected plant species. This literature sought illuminate TCMadjuvant cancer therapeutic role. New research reveals medicines may inhibit cell migration, adhesion, proliferation, death. aimed summarise herbs their processes for chemoprevention treatment. treatments target stem cells alter tumor microenvironment been studied. will underpin traditional medicine therapy research. The bioactive chemicals these shown wide range cancer-fighting properties, with few side marked improvement patient's quality life. Given benefits, it's clear incorporating into care could be significant step towards more effective comprehensive approach treating disease.

Language: Английский

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Deciphering the Role of Cancer Stem Cells: Drivers of Tumor Evolution, Therapeutic Resistance, and Precision Medicine Strategies

Cancers, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 382 - 382

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a central role in tumor progression, recurrence, and resistance to conventional therapies, making them critical focus oncology research. This review provides comprehensive analysis of CSC biology, emphasizing their self-renewal, differentiation, dynamic interactions with the microenvironment (TME). Key signaling pathways, including Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog, are discussed detail highlight potential as therapeutic targets. Current methodologies for isolating CSCs critically examined, addressing advantages limitations advancing precision medicine. Emerging technologies, such CRISPR/Cas9 single-cell sequencing, explored transformative unraveling heterogeneity informing strategies. The also underscores pivotal TME supporting survival, promoting metastasis, contributing resistance. Challenges arising from CSC-driven dormancy analyzed, along strategies mitigate these barriers, novel therapeutics targeted approaches. Ethical considerations integration artificial intelligence designing CSC-specific therapies essential elements future manuscript advocates multi-disciplinary approach that combines innovative advanced therapeutics, collaborative research address complexities CSCs. By bridging existing gaps knowledge fostering advancements personalized medicine, this aims guide development more effective cancer treatment strategies, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

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