World Journal of Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(4), P. 563 - 581
Published: April 16, 2024
BACKGROUND
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
is
a
neurodegenerative
condition
characterized
by
oxidative
stress
and
neuroinflammation.
Tanshinone
IIA
(Tan-IIA),
bioactive
compound
isolated
from
Salvia
miltiorrhiza
plants,
has
shown
potential
neuroprotective
effects;
however,
the
mechanisms
underlying
such
function
remain
unclear.
AIM
To
investigate
Tan-IIA
effects
in
AD
to
elucidate
their
mechanisms.
METHODS
Hematoxylin
eosin
staining
was
utilized
analyze
structural
brain
tissue
morphology.
assess
changes
neuroinflammation,
we
performed
enzyme-linked
immunosorbent
assay
western
blotting.
Additionally,
effect
of
on
cell
models
evaluated
vitro
using
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium
bromide
assay.
Genetic
related
long
non-coding
RNA
(lncRNA)
nuclear-enriched
abundant
transcript
1
(NEAT1)/microRNA
(miRNA,
miR)-291a-3p/member
RAS
oncogene
family
Rab22a
axis
were
assessed
through
reverse
transcription
quantitative
polymerase
chain
reaction.
RESULTS
In
vivo
,
treatment
improved
neuronal
morphology
attenuated
neuroinflammation
mice.
experiments
showed
that
dose-dependently
ameliorated
amyloid-beta
1-42-induced
reduction
neural
stem
viability,
apoptosis,
stress,
this
process,
lncRNA
NEAT1
-
therapeutic
target
highly
expressed
mice
downregulated
via
treatment.
Mechanistically,
promotes
translation
miR-291a-3p,
which
activates
nuclear
factor
kappa-B
(NF-κB)
signaling,
leading
activation
pro-apoptotic
B-cell
lymphoma
2-associated
X
protein
inhibition
anti-apoptotic
2
protein,
exacerbates
AD.
intervention
effectively
blocked
process
inhibiting
NEAT1/miR-291a-3p/Rab22a
NF-κB
signaling.
CONCLUSION
This
study
demonstrates
exerts
modulating
NEAT1/miR-291a-3p/Rab22a/NF-κB
signaling
pathway,
serving
as
foundation
for
development
innovative
approaches
therapy.
Ageing Research Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
101, P. 102481 - 102481
Published: Sept. 3, 2024
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
is
the
most
common
cause
of
dementia
and
accounts
for
60-70
%
all
cases.
It
affects
millions
people
worldwide.
AD
poses
a
substantial
economic
burden
on
societies
healthcare
systems.
progressive
neurodegenerative
disorder
characterized
by
cognitive
decline,
memory
loss,
impaired
daily
functioning.
As
prevalence
continues
to
increase,
understanding
its
pathogenesis,
improving
diagnostic
methods,
developing
effective
therapeutics
have
become
paramount.
This
comprehensive
review
delves
into
intricate
mechanisms
underlying
AD,
explores
current
state
techniques,
examines
emerging
therapeutic
strategies.
By
revealing
complexities
this
aims
contribute
growing
body
knowledge
surrounding
devastating
disease.
Alzheimer s & Dementia,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
20(4), P. 2752 - 2765
Published: Feb. 28, 2024
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
trial
participants
are
often
screened
for
eligibility
by
brain
amyloid
positron
emission
tomography/cerebrospinal
fluid
(PET/CSF),
which
is
inefficient
as
many
not
positive.
Use
of
blood‐based
biomarkers
may
reduce
screen
failures.
METHODS
We
recruited
755
non‐Hispanic
White,
115
Hispanic,
112
Black,
and
19
other
minority
across
groups
cognitively
normal
(
n
=
417),
mild
cognitive
impairment
312),
or
AD
272)
participants.
Plasma
beta
(Aβ)40,
Aβ42,
Aβ42/Aβ40,
total
tau,
phosphorylated
tau
(p‐tau)181,
p‐tau217
were
measured;
PET/CSF
956)
determined
positivity.
Clinical,
blood
biomarker,
ethnicity/race
differences
associated
with
status
evaluated.
RESULTS
Greater
impairment,
older
age,
carrying
an
apolipoprotein
E
(apoE)
ε4
allele
greater
burden.
Areas
under
the
receiver
operating
characteristic
curve
plasma
p‐tau181,
positivity
≥
0.7117
all
ethnoracial
(p‐tau217,
≥0.8128).
Age
apoE
adjustments
imputation
biomarker
values
outside
limit
quantitation
provided
small
improvement
in
predictive
power.
DISCUSSION
Blood‐based
highly
results
diverse
populations
enrolled
at
clinical
sites.
Highlights
Amyloid
(Aβ)42/Aβ40,
p‐tau
217
predicted
P‐tau
was
strongest
predictor
Biomarkers
from
ethnic,
racial,
cohorts
Community‐based
have
similar
levels
populations.
A
prescreen
process
assays
number
Mechanisms of Ageing and Development,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
211, P. 111787 - 111787
Published: Feb. 1, 2023
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
is
a
neurodegenerative
disorder
that
affects
millions
of
people
worldwide.
Growing
evidence
suggests
the
gut
microbiome
(GM)
plays
pivotal
role
in
pathogenesis
AD
through
microbiota-gut-brain
axis
(MGB).
Alterations
GM
composition
and
diversity
have
been
observed
both
animal
models
human
patients
with
AD.
dysbiosis
has
implicated
increased
intestinal
permeability,
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB)
impairment,
neuroinflammation
development
hallmarks
Further
elucidation
could
pave
way
for
holistic
predictive
methods
determining
risk
progression
disease.
Furthermore,
accumulating
modulation
alleviate
adverse
symptoms
or
serve
as
preventive
measure.
In
addition,
increasing
shows
Type
2
Diabetes
Mellitus
(T2DM)
often
comorbid
AD,
common
alterations
inflammatory
response,
which
chart
GM-related
treatment
interventions
diseases.
We
conclude
by
exploring
therapeutic
potential
alleviating
reducing
risk.
we
also
propose
future
directions
research,
namely
fecal
microbiota
transplantation
(FMT)
precision
medicine.
Aging and Disease,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 0 - 0
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
is
a
age-related
neurodegenerative
and
major
public
health
concern
both
in
Texas,
US
Worldwide.
This
mainly
characterized
by
amyloid-beta
(Aβ)
phosphorylated
Tau
(p-Tau)
accumulation
the
brains
of
patients
with
AD
increasing
evidence
suggests
that
these
are
key
biomarkers
AD.
Both
Aβ
p-tau
can
be
detected
through
various
imaging
techniques
(such
as
positron
emission
tomography,
PET)
cerebrospinal
fluid
(CSF)
analysis.
The
presence
individuals,
who
asymptomatic
or
have
mild
cognitive
impairment
indicate
an
increased
risk
developing
future.
Furthermore,
combination
often
used
for
more
accurate
diagnosis
prediction
progression.
Along
being
disease,
it
associated
other
chronic
conditions
such
cardiovascular
obesity,
depression,
diabetes
because
studies
shown
comorbid
make
people
vulnerable
to
In
first
part
this
review,
we
discuss
biofluid-based
Aβ,
p-Tau
&
plasma
could
alternative
sensitive
technique
diagnose
second
part,
underlying
molecular
mechanisms
linked
how
they
affect
clinical
care.
Frontiers in Medicine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: Jan. 29, 2025
Neurodegenerative
diseases,
characterized
by
progressive
neuronal
loss
and
cognitive
impairments,
pose
a
significant
global
health
challenge.
This
study
explores
the
potential
of
nanotherapeutics
as
promising
approach
to
enhance
drug
delivery
across
physiological
barriers,
particularly
blood–brain
barrier
(BBB)
blood-cerebrospinal
fluid
(B-CSFB).
By
employing
nanoparticles,
this
research
aims
address
critical
challenges
in
diagnosis
treatment
conditions
such
Alzheimer’s,
Parkinson’s,
Huntington’s
diseases.
The
multifactorial
nature
these
disorders
necessitates
innovative
solutions
that
leverage
nanomedicine
improve
solubility,
circulation
time,
targeted
while
minimizing
off-target
effects.
findings
underscore
importance
advancing
applications
develop
effective
therapeutic
strategies
can
alleviate
burden
neurodegenerative
diseases
on
individuals
healthcare
systems.
Cells,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
12(13), P. 1700 - 1700
Published: June 23, 2023
Every
cell
biological
textbook
teaches
us
that
the
main
role
of
plasma
membrane
is
to
separate
cells
from
their
neighborhood
allow
for
a
controlled
composition
intracellular
space.
The
mostly
hydrophobic
nature
presents
an
impenetrable
barrier
most
hydrophilic
molecules
larger
than
1
kDa.
On
other
hand,
cell-penetrating
peptides
(CPPs)
are
capable
traversing
this
without
compromising
integrity,
and
they
can
do
so
on
own
or
coupled
cargos.
Coupling
biologically
medically
relevant
cargos
CPPs
holds
great
promise
delivering
membrane-impermeable
drugs
into
cells.
If
cargo
able
interact
with
certain
types,
uptake
CPP–drug
complex
be
tailored
cell-type-specific.
Besides
outlining
major
penetration
pathways
CPPs,
review
aimed
at
deciphering
how
properties
influence
mechanisms
CPPs.
By
summarizing
extensive
body
experimental
evidence,
we
argue
more
ordered,
less
flexible
structure,
often
present
in
very
diseases
planned
treated
decreases
cellular
uptake.
These
correlations
not
only
understanding
biology
but
also
rationally
improving
value
translational
clinical
applications.
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
18
Published: Oct. 25, 2024
Neurovascular
unit
(NVU)
inflammation
via
activation
of
glial
cells
and
neuronal
damage
plays
a
critical
role
in
neurodegenerative
diseases.
Though
the
exact
mechanism
disease
pathogenesis
is
not
understood,
certain
biomarkers
provide
valuable
insight
into
pathogenesis,
severity,
progression
therapeutic
efficacy.
These
markers
can
be
used
to
assess
pathophysiological
status
brain
including
neurons,
astrocytes,
microglia,
oligodendrocytes,
specialized
microvascular
endothelial
cells,
pericytes,
NVU,
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB)
disruption.
Damage
or
derangements
tight
junction
(TJ),
adherens
(AdJ),
gap
(GJ)
components
BBB
lead
increased
permeability
neuroinflammation
various
disorders
disorders.
Thus,
neuroinflammatory
evaluated
blood,
cerebrospinal
fluid
(CSF),
tissues
determine
neurological
progression,
responsiveness.
Chronic
common
age-related
Alzheimer's
(AD),
Parkinson's
(PD),
dementia.
Neurotrauma/traumatic
injury
(TBI)
also
leads
acute
chronic
responses.
The
expression
some
may
altered
many
years
even
decades
before
onset
In
this
review,
we
discuss
neuroinflammation,
neurodegeneration
associated
with
disorders,
especially
those
neurovascular
pathologies.
CSF,
tissues.
Neurofilament
light
(NfL),
ubiquitin
C-terminal
hydrolase-L1
(UCHL1),
fibrillary
acidic
protein
(GFAP),
Ionized
calcium-binding
adaptor
molecule
1
(Iba-1),
transmembrane
119
(TMEM119),
aquaporin,
endothelin-1,
platelet-derived
growth
factor
receptor
beta
(PDGFRβ)
are
important
markers.
Recent
BBB-on-a-chip
modeling
offers
promising
potential
for
providing
an
in-depth
understanding
neurotherapeutics.
Integration
these
clinical
practice
could
potentially
enhance
early
diagnosis,
monitor
improve
outcomes.
Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
53(1), P. 89 - 99
Published: Jan. 5, 2025
Background:
Accurate
diagnosis
and
classification
of
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
are
crucial
for
effective
treatment
management.
Traditional
diagnostic
models,
largely
based
on
binary
systems,
fail
to
adequately
capture
the
complexities
variations
across
different
stages
subtypes
AD,
limiting
their
clinical
utility.
Methods:
We
developed
a
deep
learning
model
integrating
dot-product
attention
mechanism
an
innovative
labeling
system
enhance
AD
severity
levels.
This
processed
various
demographic
data,
emphasizing
most
relevant
features
diagnosis.
The
approach
emphasized
precision
in
identifying
predicting
through
advanced
computational
techniques
that
mimic
expert
decision-making.
Results:
Comparative
tests
against
baseline
fully
connected
neural
network
demonstrated
our
proposed
significantly
improved
accuracy.
Our
achieved
accuracy
83.1%
subtypes,
compared
72.9%
by
baseline.
In
prediction,
reached
83.3%,
outperforming
(73.5%).
Conclusions:
incorporation
tailored
enhances
diagnosing
classifying
AD.
improvement
highlights
potential
support
personalized
strategies
advance
medicine
neurodegenerative
diseases.