Long COVID, the Brain, Nerves, and Cognitive Function

Neurology International, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 821 - 841

Published: July 6, 2023

SARS-CoV-2, a single-stranded RNA coronavirus, causes an illness known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Long-term complications are increasing issue in patients who have been infected with COVID-19 and may be result of viral-associated systemic central nervous system inflammation or arise from virus-induced hypercoagulable state. incite changes brain function wide range lingering symptoms. Patients often experience fatigue note fog, sensorimotor symptoms, sleep disturbances. Prolonged neurological neuropsychiatric symptoms prevalent can interfere substantially everyday life, leading to massive public health concern. The mechanistic pathways by which SARS-CoV-2 infection sequelae important subject ongoing research. Inflammation- induced blood-brain barrier permeability viral neuro-invasion direct nerve damage involved. Though the mechanisms uncertain, resulting documented numerous patient reports studies. This review examines constellation spectrum seen long COVID incorporates information on prevalence these contributing factors, typical course. Although treatment options generally lacking, potential therapeutic approaches for alleviating improving quality life explored.

Language: Английский

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A Review of Prolonged Post-COVID-19 Symptoms and Their Implications on Dental Management

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(10), P. 5131 - 5131

Published: May 12, 2021

The available data regarding the short and long-term consequences of COVID-19 is still insufficient. This narrative review aims to provide information on prolonged symptoms in recovered patients their implications during dental management. Additionally, this manuscript highlights oral manifestations its A systematic search was conducted PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library Web Science databases, WHO CDC websites, grey literature searched through Google Scholar. Clinical articles (clinical trials, case-reports, cohort, cross-sectional studies) were included, reporting post-COVID-19 symptoms. Although an infectious disease primarily affecting lungs, multi-organ involvement responsible for several symptoms, including implications. In with considerations providing treatment has be made as they can present assortment These affect delivery required treatment. Hence, recommendations proposed a useful starting point aid teams adequate care such patients.

Language: Английский

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Oral Manifestations in Patients with COVID-19: A 6-Month Update

Journal of Dental Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 100(12), P. 1321 - 1329

Published: July 29, 2021

This is the first update of previously published living systematic review that summarized evidence on prevalence oral signs and symptoms in patients with COVID-19. Hitherto, 183 studies were included, reporting data from 64,876 COVID-19 worldwide. The overall taste disorders was 38% (95% CI = 22% to 56%, I 2 98%). Hypogeusia, dysgeusia, ageusia also evaluated by a meta-analysis, pooled 34% for hypogeusia, 33% 26% ageusia. Taste associated positive test (odds ratio [OR] 7.54, 95% 5.24 10.86, 93%, P < 0.00001), showing high certainty evidence. However, association between mild/moderate severity (OR 1.63, 1.33 1.99, 69%, 0.0001) female 1.77, 1.26 2.48, 79%, 0.001) presented low Xerostomia new feature this update, demonstrated 43% 36% 50%, 71%) Regarding mucosal lesions, most common clinical pattern aphthous like, followed herpes-like candidiasis, glossitis/depapillation/geographic tongue, parotitis, angular cheilitis. Oral lesions more frequent lips, palate, presenting miscellaneous aspects are likely represent coinfections. Therefore, reanalysis current suggests triad xerostomia, dysfunction, as manifestations these outcomes under discussion, will be necessary confirm their direct SARS-CoV-2 infection cavity.

Language: Английский

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Pathogenesis of taste impairment and salivary dysfunction in COVID-19 patients

Japanese Dental Science Review, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 57, P. 111 - 122

Published: July 9, 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly transmissible pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The characteristics of the include broad range symptoms from mild to serious death, with pneumonia distress and complications in extrapulmonary organs. Taste impairment salivary dysfunction are common early COVID-19 patients. mouth significant entry route for SARS-COV-2, similar nose eyes. cells oral epithelium, taste buds, minor major glands express cell factors such as ACE2, TMPRSS2, Furin. We describe occurrence patients show immunohistochemical findings regarding tissue. review pathogeneses dysfunction. Treatment also described. Recently, it was reported that some people experience persistent prolonged dysfunction, described post-COVID-19 or long COVID-19, after illness infection has healed. To resolve these problems, important understand pathogenesis complications. advances have been understanding gustatory Although progress made, considerable effort still required in-depth elucidation pathogenesis.

Language: Английский

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Oral lesions and saliva alterations of COVID‐19 patients in an intensive care unit: A retrospective study

Special Care in Dentistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 42(5), P. 494 - 502

Published: March 3, 2022

Abstract Aim To detect the type and frequency of oral lesions clinical conditions suggestive saliva alterations in COVID‐19 patients an intensive care unit (ICU), as well to describe patient´s management each case Methods Information about mechanical ventilation was collected from medicine records ICU ( n = 519) Results From total collected, 472 (90.9%) were examined by staff. In 242/472 (51.3%), cavity noted. The most frequent changes trauma (18.1%, derived mainly intubation), vascular/coagulation disturbances (24.1%, petechiae, bruises, varicoses, bleeding), (24.4%, dry mouth, sialorrhea). Infectious mentioned (16.9%), associated with a viral infection (15.7%), herpesvirus. Improved change protocols included hygiene, use specific medications, laser therapy Conclusion often showed dryness mucosa related disturbances, orotracheal tube. An staff must be aligned multidisciplinary team manage patients, establish diagnoses treatments.

Language: Английский

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Oral Manifestations of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients: A Systematic Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(23), P. 12511 - 12511

Published: Nov. 27, 2021

Background: COVID-19 disease first appeared in 2019 and quickly spread worldwide, causing a global pandemic. The oral cavity represents target of SARS-CoV-2, lesions are observed both non-hospitalized hospitalized patients. This systematic review aims to investigate the frequency manifestations Methods: An electronic search was conducted PubMed, Scopus, Web Science databases, including articles published up September 2021. protocol based on PRISMA-P. risk bias studies assessed using Joana Briggs Institute. certainty evidence GRADE instrument. Results: Fifty-nine were included: 19 case reports, 17 series, 2 case-control studies, 13 cross-sectional 4 observational retrospective studies. Oral ulcers, cheilitis, tongue more common patients before hospitalization, while perioral pressure macroglossia, blisters, candidiasis recurrent during hospitalization. could be related directly COVID-19, latter caused by medical devices, treatments, prone position, immunological impairment. Conclusions: accurate examination hospital admission all confirmed cases is encouraged recognize early apply appropriate treatments.

Language: Английский

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The taste of the pandemic—contemporary review on the current state of research on gustation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)

International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 210 - 216

Published: Oct. 26, 2021

Subjectively perceived impairment of taste is a common and distinct symptom coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Large meta-analyses identified this in approximately 50% cases. However, high prevalence not supported by blinded validated psychophysical gustatory testing, which showed much lower up to 26% patients. This discrepancy may be due misinterpretation impaired retronasal olfaction as dysfunction. In addition, we hypothesized that COVID-19-associated hyposmia involved the decrease function, found for different origin. indirect mechanism would based on central-nervous mutual amplification between chemical senses, fails olfactory loss. further research necessary how severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) directly impair pathway well its subjective perception.

Language: Английский

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Diabetes and Oral Health: Summary of Current Scientific Evidence for Why Transdisciplinary Collaboration Is Needed

Frontiers in Dental Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2

Published: July 29, 2021

This Perspective provides a brief summary of the scientific evidence for often two-way links between hyperglycemia, including manifest diabetes mellitus (DM), and oral health. It delivers in nutshell examples current following manifestations along with any available effect opposite direction: periodontal diseases, caries/periapical periodontitis, tooth loss, peri-implantitis, dry mouth (xerostomia/hyposalivation), dysbiosis microbiome, candidiasis, taste disturbances, burning syndrome, cancer, traumatic ulcers, infections wounds, delayed wound healing, melanin pigmentation, fissured tongue, benign migratory glossitis (geographic tongue), temporomandibular disorders, osteonecrosis jaw. Evidence effects on quality life will also be reported. condensed overview rationale sets stage urgent need delivery general health care patient-centered transdisciplinary collaboration early detection management both hyperglycemia diseases to improve life.

Language: Английский

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Progress in salivary glands: Endocrine glands with immune functions

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 3, 2023

The production and secretion of saliva is an essential function the salivary glands. Saliva a complicated liquid with different functions, including moistening, digestion, mineralization, lubrication, mucosal protection. This review focuses on mechanism neural regulation secretion, secreted in response to various stimuli, odor, taste, vision, mastication. chemical physical properties change dynamically during physiological pathophysiological processes. Moreover, central nervous system modulates via neurotransmitters neuroreceptors. Smell, taste have been investigated for connection between salivation brain function. immune endocrine functions glands explored recently. Salivary play role innate adaptive immunity Various cells such as B cells, T macrophages, dendritic well immunoglobins like IgA IgG found Evidence supports synthesis corticosterone, testosterone, melatonin contains many potential biomarkers derived from epithelial gingival crevicular fluid, serum. High level matrix metalloproteinases cytokines are markers oral carcinoma, infectious disease cavity, systemic disease. Further research required monitor predict health clinical practice precision medicine.

Language: Английский

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Characterization and Pathogenic Speculation of Xerostomia Associated with COVID-19: A Narrative Review

Dentistry Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(11), P. 130 - 130

Published: Nov. 10, 2021

Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have become known to present different oral symptoms. However, xerostomia remains poorly recognized compared taste dysfunction. For better understanding of COVID-19 symptomatology, associated withCOVID-19 was characterized and its possible pathogenesis speculated by a narrative literature review. Scientific articles were retrieved searching PubMed, LitCovid, ProQuest, Google Scholar, medRxiv bioRxiv from 1 April 2020 cutoff date 30 September 2021. Results the search indicated that is one prevalent persistent symptoms COVID-19. In contrast dysfunction, prevalence persistence do not necessarily depend on ethnicity, age, gender severity patients. pathogenically related viral cellular entry-relevant protein expression, renin-angiotensin system disturbance, salivary gland inflammation, zinc deficiency, cranial neuropathy, intercurrent comorbidities medications. Despite close association COVID-19, xerostomia, dry mouth hyposalivation tend be overlooked unlike ageusia, dysgeusia hypogeusia. Although dryness per se life-threating, it has an impact health-related quality life. More attention should paid in patients survivors.

Language: Английский

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