Autonomous Satellite Wildfire Detection Using Hyperspectral Imagery and Neural Networks: A Case Study on Australian Wildfire

Remote Sensing, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 720 - 720

Published: Jan. 26, 2023

One of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals is climate action (SDG-13), and wildfire among catastrophic events that both impact change are aggravated by it. In Australia other countries, large-scale wildfires have dramatically grown in frequency size recent years. These fires threaten world’s forests urban woods, cause enormous environmental property damage, quite often result fatalities. As a their increasing frequency, there an ongoing debate over how to handle mitigate social, economic, repercussions. Effective prevention, early warning, response strategies must be well-planned carefully coordinated minimise harmful consequences people environment. Rapid advancements remote sensing technologies such as ground-based, aerial surveillance vehicle-based, satellite-based systems been used for efficient surveillance. This study focuses on application space-borne technology very accurate fire detection under challenging conditions. Due significant advances artificial intelligence (AI) techniques years, numerous studies previously conducted examine AI might applied various situations. its special physical operational requirements, spaceflight has emerged one most fields. work contains feasibility well model scenario prototype satellite system. With intention swiftly generating alerts enabling immediate actions, studied with reference Australian occurred December 2019. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) were developed, trained, from ground up detect while also adjusting complexity meet onboard implementation requirements trusted autonomous operations (TASO). The capability 1-dimensional convolution network (1-DCNN) classify demonstrated this research results assessed against those reported literature. order enable data processing, hardware accelerators considered evaluated implementation. trained was then implemented following: Intel Movidius NCS-2 Nvidia Jetson Nano TX2. Using selected hardware, developed put into practice analysis carried out. positive favour using proposed processing TASO future missions. findings indicate can beneficial disaster management mitigation facilitating generation timely users rapid appropriate responses.

Language: Английский

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LEF-YOLO: a lightweight method for intelligent detection of four extreme wildfires based on the YOLO framework

International Journal of Wildland Fire, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(1)

Published: Dec. 18, 2023

Background Extreme wildfires pose a serious threat to forest vegetation and human life because they spread more rapidly are intense than conventional wildfires. Detecting extreme is challenging due their visual similarities traditional fires, existing models primarily detect the presence or absence of fires without focusing on distinguishing providing warnings. Aims To test system for real time detection four Methods We proposed novel lightweight model, called LEF-YOLO, based YOLOv5 framework. make model lightweight, we introduce bottleneck structure MobileNetv3 use depthwise separable convolution instead convolution. improve model’s accuracy, apply multiscale feature fusion strategy Coordinate Attention Spatial Pyramid Pooling-Fast block enhance extraction. Key results The LEF-YOLO outperformed comparison wildfire dataset constructed, with our having excellent performance 2.7 GFLOPs, 61 FPS 87.9% mAP. Conclusions speed accuracy can be utilised real-time in fire scenes. Implications facilitate control decision-making foster intersection between science computer science.

Language: Английский

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Fire-smart solutions for sustainable wildfire risk prevention: Bottom-up initiatives meet top-down policies under EU green deal

International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 92, P. 103715 - 103715

Published: April 28, 2023

Fuel management for wildfire risk prevention generally lacks economic sustainability. In marginal areas of southern Europe, this limits fuel treatment programs from reaching the critical mass required treated area to modify landscape flammability, fire regime and its impacts. This study investigates key initiatives in EU countries. We compared local approaches through a bottom-up selection 38 initiatives, which we analyzed systematically set fire-smart criteria: sustainability, cost-benefit ratio, synergies inter-sectoral cooperation, integration between strategic planning multiple land governance goals (e.g., rural development, biodiversity conservation, energy supply), innovation knowledge transfer, adaptive management. summarized lessons learned most innovative by identifying solutions functional building sustainable at scale, under principles. These make synergistic use private, public European resources activate value chains that valorize products, by-products services generated activities their positive externalities on ecosystem services. The mechanisms include fire-marketing, Payment Ecosystem Services schemes, specific taxes, or environmental compensatory measures. catalyze interest stakeholders (economic actors, private owners, agencies) improving cost-efficiency contend Green Deal offers political backing framework (mainstreaming strategies funding opportunities) enable replication documented models prevention.

Language: Английский

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Spatial analysis and machine learning prediction of forest fire susceptibility: a comprehensive approach for effective management and mitigation

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 926, P. 171713 - 171713

Published: March 18, 2024

Language: Английский

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Mapping forest canopy fuel parameters at European scale using spaceborne LiDAR and satellite data

Remote Sensing of Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 303, P. 114005 - 114005

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Spatially explicit data on forest canopy fuel parameters provide critical information for wildfire propagation modelling, emission estimations and risk assessment. LiDAR observations enable accurate retrieval of the vertical structure vegetation, which makes them an excellent alternative characterising structures. In most cases, parameterisation has been based Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) observations, are costly best suited local research. Spaceborne acquisitions overcome limited spatiotemporal coverage airborne systems, as they can cover much wider geographical areas. However, do not continuous data, requiring spatial interpolation methods to obtain wall-to-wall information. We developed a two-step, easily replicable methodology estimate entire European territory, from Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) sensor, onboard International Space Station (ISS). First, we simulated GEDI pseudo-waveforms discrete ALS about plots. then used metrics derived mean height (Hm), (CC) base (CBH), national inventory reference. The RH80 metric had strongest correlation with Hm all types (r = 0.96–0.97, Bias −0.16-0.30 m, RMSE 1.53–2.52 rRMSE 13.23–19.75%). A strong was also observed between ALS-CC GEDI-CC 0.94, −0.02, 0.09, 16.26%), whereas weaker correlations were obtained CBH 0.46, 0 0.89 39.80%). second stage generate maps continent Europe at resolution 1 km using GEDI-based estimates within-fuel polygons covered by footprints. available some (mainly Northern latitudes, above 51.6°N). these estimated random regression models multispectral SAR imagery biophysical variables. Errors higher than direct retrievals, but still within range previous results 0.72–0.82, −0.18-0.29 3.63–4.18 m 28.43–30.66% Hm; r 0.82–0.91, 0, 0.07–0.09 10.65–14.42% CC; 0.62–0.75, 0.01–0.02 0.60–0.74 19.16–22.93% CBH). Uncertainty provided grid level, purpose considered individual errors each step in methodology. final outputs, publicly (https://doi.org/10.21950/KTALA8), estimation three modelling crown fire potential demonstrate capacity improve characterisation models.

Language: Английский

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The 2017 North Bay and Southern California Fires: A Case Study

Fire, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 1(1), P. 18 - 18

Published: June 9, 2018

Two extreme wind-driven wildfire events impacted California in late 2017, leading to 46 fatalities and thousands of structures lost. This study characterizes the meteorological climatological factors that drove enabled these quantifies their rarity over observational record. Both featured key fire-weather metrics were unprecedented record followed a sequence climatic conditions enhanced fine fuel abundance availability. The North Bay fires October 2017 occurred coincident with strong downslope winds, majority burned area occurring within first 12 hours ignition. By contrast, southern December during longest Santa Ana wind event on record, resulting largest California’s modern history. fire following an exceptionally wet winter was preceded by severe four-year drought. Fuels further preconditioned warmest summer autumn northern California, respectively. Finally, delayed onset precipitation allowed for critically low dead moistures up events. Fire weather well forecast several days prior fire. However, near populated regions, along other societal such as limited evacuation protocols preparedness communities outside traditional wildland urban interface contributors widespread impacts.

Language: Английский

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Heat waves in Portugal: Current regime, changes in future climate and impacts on extreme wildfires

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 631-632, P. 534 - 549

Published: March 18, 2018

Language: Английский

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Wildland fire risk research in Canada

Environmental Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 28(2), P. 164 - 186

Published: Feb. 5, 2020

Despite increasing concern about wildland fire risk in Canada, there is little synthesis of knowledge that could contribute to the development a comprehensive framework for wide range values, which an essential need country. With dramatic variability costs and losses from this natural hazard, must be more support complex decision-making under uncertainty how assess manage coexist with fire. A long history Canadian research offers solid foundational related risk, but key gaps addressed fully consider manner. We provide review current context variably defined, recommend use general paradigm where product both likelihood potential impacts then synthesize scientific literature. review, we aim better understanding challenges, limitations, opportunities future work on within

Language: Английский

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Understanding future changes to fires in southern Europe and their impacts on the wildland-urban interface

Journal of Safety Science and Resilience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2(1), P. 20 - 29

Published: Feb. 6, 2021

Southern Europe is a highly fire-prone region where extreme fires have often disastrous consequences on both structures and people. Human activities fire weather conditions favouring ignitions propagation always been the drivers of such but anthropogenic climate change alongside extension wildland-urban interface (WUI) that concentrates assets compounding effect exacerbating risk. WUI are currently not adequately prepared to sustain events whose frequency intensity foreseen increase in future as shown during occurred recently Euro-Mediterranean countries. This work presents context region, their driving forces impacts society, with insights from three recent catastrophic drew much attention. In this context, we propose conceptual framework for understanding issue assessing implications risk providing some guidance mitigate risk, updated management strategies well comments about gaps our current knowledge how might address problem future. A successful approach reduce will require building resilient landscapes communities better face these which population, forest managers, land planners, civil protection, policy-makers need together improve safety resilience areas.

Language: Английский

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Compound Extremes Drive the Western Oregon Wildfires of September 2020

Geophysical Research Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 48(8)

Published: March 22, 2021

Abstract Several very large high‐impact fires burned nearly 4,000 km 2 of mesic forests in western Oregon during September 7–9, 2020. While infrequent, high‐severity have occurred historically Oregon, the extreme nature this event warrants analyses climate and meteorological drivers. A strong blocking pattern led to an intrusion dry air downslope east winds Cascades following a warm‐dry 60‐day period that promoted widespread fuel flammability. Viewed independently, both dryness were extreme, but not unprecedented. However, concurrence these drivers resulted compound extremes impacts unmatched observational record. We additionally find most wildfires since 1900 similarly coincided with summers at least moderate wind events. These results reinforce importance incorporating multivariate lens for assessing wildfire hazard risk.

Language: Английский

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