Heliyon,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
9(9), P. e19354 - e19354
Published: Aug. 22, 2023
Finding
eco-friendly
alternatives
for
antibiotics
in
treating
bacterial
diseases
affecting
the
aquaculture
sector
is
essential.
Herbal
plants
are
promising
alternatives,
especially
when
combined
with
nanomaterials.
Neem
(
Aquaculture Reports,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
35, P. 102029 - 102029
Published: March 13, 2024
This
study
was
designated
to
look
into
the
toxicological
effects
of
long-term
exposure
African
catfish
(Clarias
gariepinus)
a
heavy
metal
(copper)
on
growth,
hematology,
immune-antioxidant
functions
and
their
regulating
genes,
resistance
Aeromonas
sobria.
Furthermore,
efficiency
dietary
zinc
oxide
nanoparticles
(ZNPs)
ameliorate
copper
toxicity
assessed.
Fish
(n=300:
average
body
weight:
90.56±0.20
g)
were
equally
allocated
six
groups
in
five
replicates
(10
fish/replicate;
50
fish/
group)
for
60
days
at
water
temperature
25
±
1.2
◦C.
Three
diets
formulated
with
varying
ZNPs
levels:
control
(0
mg
kg−1),
ZNPs20
(20
ZNPs30
(30
actual
concentrations
45,
65,
75
kg−1,
respectively.
The
experimental
named,
control,
ZNPs20,
which
fed
diets,
respectively
without
exposure.
Additionally,
CuCL2,
CuCL2+ZNPs20,
CuCL2+ZNPs30
received
same
feeding
regime
as
groups,
exposed
chloride,
CuCL2
L−1).
At
end
trial
(60
days),
all
challenged
0.2
mL
A.
sobria
(1×108
CFU
mL−1)
mortalities
recorded
daily
additional
7
days.
results
displayed
that
resulted
lower
growth
metrics
survivability.
final
weight,
weight
gain,
feed
intake,
survivability
reduced
group
by
39.29%,
23.79%,
63.37%,
20%,
increasing
conversion
ratio
52.13%
compared
group.
In
addition,
hematological
(red
blood
cells
(58.40%),
hemoglobin
(48.11%),
packed
cell
volume
(40.59%),
white
(46.85%),
total
proteins
(43.12%),
albumin
(41.98%),
globulin
(44.23%)),
immune
(lysozymes
(59.74%),
complement
3
(41.89%),
nitric
(57.14%),
phagocytic
activity
(38.75%)),
antioxidant
parameters
(glutathione
peroxidase
(82.95%),
catalase
(74.08%),
superoxide
dismutase
(48.59%)),
well
higher
oxidative
(malondialdehyde)
(200.30%)
indicator
observed
A
down-regulation
peroxidase-1)
(lysozyme-G,
lysozyme-C,
transforming
factor-beta,
myeloperoxidase)
genes
up-regulation
inflammatory
cytokines
(interleukin-1ß,
interleukin-8,
tumor
necrosis
factor-alpha,
nuclear
factor
kappa
β,
Toll-like
receptor
5)
noticed
during
challenge
(25%)
Noticeably,
modulated
survival,
antioxidant/immune
associated
copper-exposed
fish.
increased
fish
challenge.
especially
30
kg−1
level
proposed
promising
additive
mitigating
stress
consequences
catfish.
