Gut microbiota controlling radiation-induced enteritis and intestinal regeneration

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 34(8), P. 489 - 501

Published: June 17, 2023

Cancer remains the second leading cause of mortality, with nearly 10 million deaths worldwide in 2020. In many cases, radiotherapy is used for its anticancer effects. However, radiation causes healthy tissue toxicity as a side effect. intra-abdominal and pelvic malignancies, bowel inevitably included field, causing radiation-induced enteritis dramatically affecting gut microbiome. This condition associated significant morbidity mortality that impairs cancer patients' survivors' quality life. Review provides critical overview main drivers modulating microenvironment homeostasis, disease, injury, focusing on microbial metabolites microorganisms influence epithelial regeneration upon injury.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 influenced gut dysbiosis, post-acute sequelae, immune regulation, and therapeutic regimens

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: May 28, 2024

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has garnered unprecedented global attention. It over 2.47 million deaths through various syndromes such as distress, hypercoagulability, and multiple organ failure. viral invasion proceeds the ACE2 receptor, expressed in cell types, some patients serious damage to tissues, organs, immune cells, microbes that colonize gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Some who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection have developed months of persistent long-COVID-19 symptoms or post-acute sequelae COVID-19 (PASC). Diagnosis these revealed biological effects, none which are mutually exclusive. However, severity also depends on numerous comorbidities obesity, age, diabetes, hypertension care must be taken with respect other morbidities, host immunity. Gut microbiota relation immunopathology is considered evolve progression via mechanisms biochemical metabolism, exacerbation inflammation, intestinal mucosal secretion, cytokine storm, immunity regulation. Therefore, modulation gut microbiome equilibrium food supplements probiotics remains a hot topic current research debate. In this review, we discuss complications physio-pathological effects infection, GIT response, therapeutic pharmacological strategies. We summarize targets probiotics, their limitations, efficacy preclinical clinical drugs effectively inhibit spread SARS-CoV-2.

Language: Английский

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Gut-bone axis perturbation: Mechanisms and interventions via gut microbiota as a primary driver of osteoporosis

Journal of Orthopaedic Translation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 50, P. 373 - 387

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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A disturbed communication between hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary axis and gut microbiota in female infertility: is diet to blame?

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

Female infertility is a multifactorial condition influenced by various genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Recent research has investigated the significant impact of gut microbiome dysbiosis on systemic inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, hormonal imbalances, which can potentially impair fertility. The gut-brain axis, bidirectional communication system between brain, also plays role in regulating reproductive functions. Emerging evidence suggests that influence brain functions behavior, further emphasizing importance microbiota-gut-brain axis reproduction. Given their as major modulator microbiome, diet dietary factors, including patterns nutrient intake, have been implicated development management female infertility. Hence, this review aims to highlight patterns, such Western (WD) Mediterranean (MD), decipher modulatory action infertile women. By contrasting detrimental effects WD with therapeutic potential MD, we emphasize pivotal balanced rich nutrients promoting healthy microbiome. These insights underscore targeted interventions modifications promising strategies enhance outcomes subfertile

Language: Английский

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Lipid metabolism regulation by dietary polysaccharides with different structural properties

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 270, P. 132253 - 132253

Published: May 13, 2024

Language: Английский

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Understanding How Pre- and Probiotics Affect the Gut Microbiome and Metabolic Health

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 327(1), P. E89 - E102

Published: May 29, 2024

The gut microbiome, a complex assembly of microorganisms, significantly impacts human health by influencing nutrient absorption, the immune system, and disease response. These microorganisms form dynamic ecosystem that is critical to maintaining overall well-being. Prebiotics probiotics are pivotal in regulating microbiota composition. nourish beneficial bacteria promote their growth, whereas help maintain balance within microbiome. This intricate extends several aspects health, including integrity barrier, responses, producing metabolites crucial for metabolic health. Dysbiosis, or an imbalance microbiota, has been linked disorders such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease. Impaired barrier function, endotoxemia, low-grade inflammation associated with toll-like receptors proinflammatory pathways. Short-chain fatty acids derived from microbial fermentation modulate anti-inflammatory system positively influence probiotics, especially Lactobacillus Bifidobacterium strains, may improve outcomes, glycemic control diabetes. It important consider strain-specific effects study variability when interpreting these findings, highlighting need further research optimize therapeutic potential. aim this report therefore review role prebiotics on microbiome role, integrating broad understanding physiological mechanisms clinical perspective.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of regulation of glycolipid metabolism by natural compounds in plants: effects on short-chain fatty acids

Nutrition & Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: July 18, 2024

Abstract Background Natural compounds can positively impact health, and various studies suggest that they regulate glucose‒lipid metabolism by influencing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). This is key to maintaining energy balance normal physiological functions in the body. review explores how SCFAs glucose lipid natural modulate these processes through SCFAs. provides a healthier approach treating disorders future. Methods article reviews relevant literature on glycolipid from PubMed Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). It also highlights range compounds, including polysaccharides, anthocyanins, quercetins, resveratrols, carotenoids, betaines, modulation SCFA pathway. Results enrich SCFA-producing bacteria, inhibit harmful operational taxonomic unit (OTU) abundance intestinal transport rate gut microbiota affect content intestine. However, most have been conducted animals, lack clinical trials, involve fewer target More research needed support conclusions develop interventions. Conclusions are crucial for human health produced mainly via dietary fiber fermentation. Eating foods rich fruits, vegetables, tea, coarse foods, hinder bacterial growth promote beneficial proliferation, thus increasing levels regulating metabolism. By investigating pathway, novel insights directions glucolipid be provided.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Significance of Gut Microbiota in Diabetes Pathogenesis and Management—A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(12), P. 1938 - 1938

Published: June 19, 2024

Type 2 diabetes is a disease with significant health consequences for the individual. Currently, new mechanisms and therapeutic approaches that may affect this are being sought. One of them association type microbiota. Through enteric nervous system gut–microbiota axis, microbiota affects functioning body. It has been proven to have real impact on influencing glucose lipid metabolism insulin sensitivity. With dysbiosis, there increased bacterial translocation through disrupted intestinal barrier inflammation in In diabetes, microbiota’s composition altered with, example, more abundant class Betaproteobacteria. The these disorders linked involving short-chain fatty acids, branched-chain amino lipopolysaccharide, among others. Interventions focusing gut gaining traction as promising approach management. Studies currently conducted effects supply probiotics prebiotics, well fecal transplantation, course diabetes. Further research will allow us fully develop our knowledge subject possibly best treat prevent

Language: Английский

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Unraveling the gut microbiome’s contribution to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: mechanistic insights and therapeutic perspectives

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: July 9, 2024

The gut microbiome plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), influencing oncogenesis, immune responses, and treatment outcomes. Studies have identified microbial species like Porphyromonas gingivalis Fusobacterium nucleatum, that promote PDAC progression through various mechanisms. Additionally, affects cell activation response to immunotherapy, including checkpoint inhibitors CAR-T therapy. Specific microbes their metabolites play effectiveness (ICIs). Alterations can either enhance or diminish responses PD-1/PD-L1 CTLA-4 blockade bacterial trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) impact antitumor immunity, offering potential targets augment immunotherapy responses. Modulating fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, dietary changes, antibiotics shows promise treatment, although outcomes are highly variable. Dietary modifications, particularly high-fiber diets specific fat consumption, influence composition cancer risk. Combining microbiome-based therapies with existing treatments holds for improving therapy outcomes, but further research is needed optimize effectiveness.

Language: Английский

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A two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis investigates associations between gut microbiota and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: March 1, 2024

Objective This study sought to elucidate the causal association between gut microbiota (GM) composition and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through a comprehensive two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis. Method T2DM data were sourced from IEU OpenGWAS Project database, complemented by 211 datasets MiBioGen Federation. The primary analytical approach employed was inverse variance weighted (IVW), supplemented MR-Egger regression median (WME) methods investigate their potential interplay. Results assessed using odds ratios ( OR ) 95% confidence intervals CI ). robustness reliability of findings confirmed leave-one-out analysis, heterogeneity testing, assessment horizontal pleiotropy. Furthermore, we explored mediating role metabolites in pathway linking GM T2DM. Result A set 11 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) linked identified as instrumental variables (IVs). IVW analysis revealed that increased abundance genus Actinomyces, Bilophila, Lachnoclostridium, Ruminococcus gnavus group , Streptococcus corresponded heightened risk Conversely, higher levels Eubacterium oxidoreducens group, Oscillospira, Ruminococcaceae UCG003, UCG010 Sellimonas associated with reduced However, following false discovery rate (FDR) correction, only Lachnoclostridium retained significant positive correlation = 1.22, q value 0.09), while other ten showed suggestive associations Reverse MR did not reveal any relationship GM. Additionally, exhibit effects this context. Conclusion effectively pinpointed specific T2DM, potentially paving way for novel biomarkers prevention treatment condition. suggested probiotics could emerge promising avenue managing future. indicated do appear act mediators

Language: Английский

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