Worldwide aflatoxin contamination of agricultural products and foods: From occurrence to control

Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 20(3), P. 2332 - 2381

Published: May 1, 2021

Abstract Aflatoxins represent a global public health and economic concern as they are responsible for significant adverse issues affecting consumers farmers worldwide. Produced by fungal species from the Aspergillus genus, aflatoxins toxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic group of metabolites that routinely contaminate food agricultural products. Climate diet essential factors in aflatoxin contamination subsequent human exposure process. Countri es with warmer climates staple foods aflatoxin‐susceptible shoulder substantial portion burden. Enactment regulations, prevention pre‐ postharvest contamination, decontamination, detoxification have been used to prevent dietary aflatoxin. Exploiting their chemical structural properties, means devised detect quantify presence foods. Herein, recent developments several important aspects impacting supply, including: producers toxin, occurrence food, worldwide detection methods, preventive strategies, removal degradation methods were reviewed presented. In conclusion, continues be major safety problem, especially developing countries where regulatory limits do not exist or adequately enforced. Finally, knowledge gaps current challenges each discussed aspect identified, new solutions proposed.

Language: Английский

---

Aflatoxin Contamination, Its Impact and Management Strategies: An Updated Review

Toxins, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 307 - 307

Published: April 27, 2022

Aflatoxin, a type of mycotoxin, is mostly produced by Aspergillus flavus and parasiticus. It responsible for the loss billions dollars to world economy, contaminating different crops such as cotton, groundnut, maize, chilies, causing immense effects on health humans animals. More than eighteen types aflatoxins have been reported date, among them, B1, B2, G1, G2 are most prevalent lethal. Early detection fungal infection plays key role in control aflatoxin contamination. Therefore, methods, including culture, chromatographic techniques, molecular assays, used determine contamination food products. Many countries set maximum limit (2-20 ppb) their agriculture commodities human or animal consumption, use methods combat this menace essential. Fungal takes place during pre- post-harvest stage crops, employed latter phase. Studies shown that if correct measures adopted crop development phase, can be reduced significant level. Currently, bio-pesticides intervention many countries, whereby atoxigenic strains competitively reduce burden toxigenic field, thereby helping mitigate problem. This updated review sheds light sources contamination, occurrence, impact, management strategies, with special emphasis aflatoxins.

Language: Английский

---

Aflatoxins: History, Significant Milestones, Recent Data on Their Toxicity and Ways to Mitigation

Toxins, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 399 - 399

Published: June 3, 2021

In the early 1960s discovery of aflatoxins began when a total 100,000 turkey poults died by hitherto unknown “X” disease in England. The was associated with Brazilian groundnut meal affected Aspergillus flavus. toxin named flavus toxin—aflatoxin. From point view agriculture, show utmost importance. Until now, 20 have been described, B1, B2, G1, and G2 being most significant. Contamination is global health problem. Aflatoxins pose acutely toxic, teratogenic, immunosuppressive, carcinogenic, teratogenic effects. Besides food insecurity human health, affect humanity at different levels, such as social, economical, political. Great emphasis placed on aflatoxin mitigation using biocontrol methods. Thus, this review focused terms historical development, principal milestones research, recent data their toxicity ways mitigation.

Language: Английский

---

Physical and Chemical Methods for Reduction in Aflatoxin Content of Feed and Food

Toxins, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 204 - 204

Published: March 12, 2021

Aflatoxins (AFs) are among the most harmful fungal secondary metabolites imposing serious health risks on both household animals and humans. The more frequent occurrence of aflatoxins in feed food chain is clearly foreseeable as a consequence extreme weather conditions recorded recently worldwide. Furthermore, production parameters, such unadjusted variety use improper cultural practices, can also increase incidence contamination. In current aflatoxin control measures, emphasis put prevention including plethora pre-harvest methods, introduced to Aspergillus infestations avoid deleterious effects public health. Nevertheless, continuous evaluation improvement post-harvest methods combat these hazardous required. Already in-use emerging physical pulsed electric fields other nonthermal treatments well interventions with chemical agents acids, enzymes, gases, absorbents animal husbandry have been demonstrated effective reducing mycotoxins food. Although them no disadvantageous effect either nutritional properties or safety, further research needed ensure expected efficacy. we envisage rapid spread easy-to-use, cost-effective, safe tools during storage processing.

Language: Английский

---

Aflatoxin Contamination: An Overview on Health Issues, Detection and Management Strategies

Toxins, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 246 - 246

Published: March 28, 2023

Aflatoxins (AFs) represent one of the main mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus and parasiticus, with most prevalent lethal subtypes being AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2. AFs are responsible for causing significant public health issues economic concerns that affect consumers farmers globally. Chronic exposure to has been linked liver cancer, oxidative stress, fetal growth abnormalities among other health-related risks. Although there various technologies, such as physical, chemical, biological controls have employed alleviate toxic effects AF, is still no clearly elucidated universal method available reduce AF levels in food feed; only mitigation early detection toxin management contamination. Numerous methods, including cultures, molecular techniques, immunochemical, electrochemical immunosensor, chromatographic, spectroscopic means, used determine contamination agricultural products. Recent research shown incorporating crops higher resistance, sorghum, into animal feed can risk milk cheese. This review provides a current overview risks chronic dietary exposure, recent strategies guide future researchers developing better this toxin.

Language: Английский

---

Changing climate, shifting mycotoxins: A comprehensive review of climate change impact on mycotoxin contamination

Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(2)

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract Climate change (CC) is a complex phenomenon that has the potential to significantly alter marine, terrestrial, and freshwater ecosystems worldwide. Global warming of 2°C expected be exceeded during 21st century, frequency extreme weather events, including floods, storms, droughts, temperatures, wildfires, intensified globally over recent decades, differently affecting areas world. How CC may impact multiple food safety hazards increasingly evident, with mycotoxin contamination in particular gaining prominence. Research focusing on effects edible crops developed considerably throughout years. Therefore, we conducted comprehensive literature search collect available studies scientific published between 2000 2023. The selected papers highlighted how warmer temperatures are enabling migration, introduction, mounting abundance thermophilic thermotolerant fungal species, those producing mycotoxins. Certain mycotoxigenic such as Aspergillus flavus Fusarium graminearum , readily acclimatize new conditions could become more aggressive pathogens. Furthermore, abiotic stress factors resulting from weaken resistance host crops, rendering them vulnerable disease outbreaks. Changed interactions fungi likewise expected, effect influencing prevalence co‐occurrence mycotoxins future. Looking ahead, future research should focus improving predictive modeling, expanding into different pathosystems, facilitating application effective strategies mitigate CC.

Language: Английский

---

Screening of soybean antifungal isoflavones based on targeted metabolomics analysis

Food Chemistry X, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25, P. 102195 - 102195

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Physiologically Active Molecules and Functional Properties of Soybeans in Human Health—A Current Perspective

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(8), P. 4054 - 4054

Published: April 14, 2021

In addition to providing nutrients, food can help prevent and treat certain diseases. particular, research on soy products has increased dramatically following their emergence as functional foods capable of improving blood circulation intestinal regulation. nutritional value, soybeans contain specific phytochemical substances that promote health are a source dietary fiber, phospholipids, isoflavones (e.g., genistein daidzein), phenolic acids, saponins, phytic acid, while serving trypsin inhibitor. These individual have demonstrated effectiveness in preventing chronic diseases, such arteriosclerosis, cardiac diabetes, senile dementia, well treating cancer suppressing osteoporosis. Furthermore, soybean affect fibrinolytic activity, control pressure, improve lipid metabolism, eliciting antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, antibacterial effects. this review, rather than the established studies reported qualities soybeans, we intend examine physiological activities recently been studied confirm potential high-functional, well-being food.

Language: Английский

---

Aflatoxin Detoxification Using Microorganisms and Enzymes

Toxins, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 46 - 46

Published: Jan. 9, 2021

Mycotoxin contamination causes significant economic loss to food and feed industries seriously threatens human health. Aflatoxins (AFs) are one of the most harmful mycotoxins, which produced by Aspergillus flavus, parasiticus, other fungi that commonly found in production preservation grain feed. AFs can cause harm animal health due their toxic (carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenic) effects. How remove AF has become a major problem: biological methods no contamination, have high specificity, work at temperature, affording environmental protection. In present research, microorganisms with detoxification effects researched recent years reviewed, mechanism microbes on AFs, safety degrading enzymes reaction products formed degradation process, application as strategies for were investigated. One main aims is provide reliable reference strategy AFs.

Language: Английский

---

Perspectives on Global Mycotoxin Issues and Management From the MycoKey Maize Working Group

Plant Disease, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 105(3), P. 525 - 537

Published: Sept. 11, 2020

During the last decade, there have been many advances in research and technology that greatly contributed to expanded capabilities knowledge detection measurement, characterization, biosynthesis, management of mycotoxins maize. MycoKey, an EU‐funded Horizon 2020 project, was established advance transfer around globe address mycotoxin impacts key food feed chains. MycoKey included several working groups comprising international experts different fields mycotoxicology. The Maize Working Group recently convened gather information strategize for development implementation solutions maize problem light current emerging technologies. This feature summarizes WG discussion recommendations addressing problems Discussions focused on aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, zearalenone, which are most widespread persistently important Although regional differences were recognized, consensus about priorities effective strategies. For preharvest management, genetic resistance selecting adapted genotypes, along with insect among fruitful strategies identified across groups. postharvest practices timely harvest, rapid grain drying, cleaning, carefully managed storage conditions. Remediation such as optical sorting, density separation, milling, chemical detoxification also suggested. Future communication advanced breeding technologies, risk assessment tools, dissemination regionally relevant guidelines.

Language: Английский

---