Body Localization of ACE-2: On the Trail of the Keyhole of SARS-CoV-2

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: Dec. 3, 2020

The explosion of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has brought role angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) back into scientific limelight. Since SARS-CoV-2 must bind ACE2 for entering host cells in humans, its expression and body localization are critical to track potential target organ this infection outline disease progression clinical outcomes. Here, we mapped physiological distribution, expression, activities discussed correlations mutal interactions with disparate symptoms present patients at level different organs. We highlighted that despite during ACE2-expressing organs may become direct targets, leading severe pathological manifestations, subsequent multiple failures, exact mechanism through which acts these is still heavily debated. Further efforts, also considering a personalized approach aimed consider specific patient differences mutual ACE2-SARS-CoV-2 long-term health effects associated COVID-19 currently mandatory.

Language: Английский

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Ultra-fast proteomics with Scanning SWATH

Nature Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 39(7), P. 846 - 854

Published: March 25, 2021

Language: Английский

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New aspects in the pathogenesis and management of subacute thyroiditis

Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(4), P. 1027 - 1039

Published: May 5, 2021

Abstract Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is a thyroid inflammatory disease, whose pathogenesis and determinants of the clinical course were unclear for many decades. The last few years have brought clinically significant new data on epidemiology, management SAT. Several human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles demonstrated not only to increase risk SAT, but also correlate with SAT determine recurrence. world-wide epidemic coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has provided observations that severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can be potent SAT-triggering factor, in patients affected by COVID-19 different from typical one. Additionally, trends are emerging. In years, painless more often described, constituting special challenge hospitalized due COVID-19. Despite an excellent availability diagnostic methods, several difficulties differential diagnosis currently encountered proper treatment frequently delayed. False positive diagnoses malignancies poor prognosis constitute life-threatening problem. Taking into account all aspects its course, – modified criteria been proposed.

Language: Английский

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Thyroid and COVID-19: a review on pathophysiological, clinical and organizational aspects

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 44(9), P. 1801 - 1814

Published: March 25, 2021

Abstract Background Thyroid dysfunction has been observed in patients with COVID-19, and endocrinologists are requested to understand this clinical issue. Pandemic-related restrictions reorganization of healthcare services may affect thyroid disease management. Objective methods To analyze discuss the relationship between COVID-19 diseases from several perspectives. PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Scopus, ClinicalTrial.gov were searched for purpose by using free text words medical subject headings as follows: “sars cov 2”, “covid 19”, “subacute thyroiditis”, “atypical “chronic “hashimoto’s “graves’ disease”, “thyroid nodule”, “differentiated cancer”, “medullary “methimazole”, “levothyroxine”, “multikinase inhibitor”, “remdesivir”, “tocilizumab”. Data collected, analyzed, discussed answer following questions: “What evidence suggests that induce detrimental consequences on function?"; "Could previous or concomitant deteriorate prognosis once infection occurred?”; “Could management influence course COVID-19?”; “Does interfere function?”; “Are there defined strategies better manage endocrine despite restrictive measures in-hospital ambulatory activities reorganizations?”. Results SARS-CoV-2 is usually reversible, including subclinical atypical thyroiditis. Patients baseline not at higher risk contracting transmitting SARS-CoV-2, does foster a worse progression COVID-19. However, it unclear whether low levels triiodothyronine, seriously ill worsen disease's and, consequently, if triiodothyronine supplementation could be tool reducing burden. Glucocorticoids heparin hormone secretion measurement, respectively, leading possible misdiagnosis severe cases High-risk nodules require fine-needle aspiration without relevant delay, whereas other non-urgent diagnostic procedures therapeutic interventions should postponed. Discussion Currently, we know lead short-term reversible dysfunction, but seem Adequate remains essential during pandemic, compromised because service restrictions. Endocrine care centers continuously recognize classify priority in-person visits procedures. Telemedicine useful managing requiring visits.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 and the Endocrine System: A Comprehensive Review on the Theme

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(13), P. 2920 - 2920

Published: June 29, 2021

The review aimed to summarize advances in the topic of endocrine diseases and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Scientific institutional websites databases were searched data collected organized, when plausible, angle discussion toward following clinical issues. (1) Are patients with COVID-19 at higher risk developing acute or late-onset dysfunction? (2) May underlying dysfunctions be considered factors for poor prognosis once infection has occurred? (3) there defined strategies manage despite pandemic-related constraints? Herein, authors only relevant more frequently observed disorders related hypothalamic-pituitary region, thyroid parathyroid glands, calcium-phosphorus homeostasis osteoporosis, adrenal gonads. Main. Data highlight basis some pathophysiological mechanisms anatomical alterations Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced dysfunctions. Some conditions, such as insufficiency cortisol excess, may worse progression occurred. These at-risk populations require adequate education avoid SARS-CoV-2 adequately medical therapy during pandemic, even emergencies. Endocrine management underwent a palpable restraint, especially procedures requiring obligate access healthcare facilities diagnostic therapeutic purposes. Strategies triage prioritize consultations, laboratory, instrumental evaluations, digital telehealth solutions should implemented better deal this probably long-term situation.

Language: Английский

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Selenium: An Element of Life Essential for Thyroid Function

Molecules, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 26(23), P. 7084 - 7084

Published: Nov. 23, 2021

Selenium (Se), a microelement essential for life, is critical homeostasis of several functions, such as those related to immune–endocrine function and signaling transduction pathways. In particular, Se the thyroid, it particularly abundant in this gland. Unfortunately, deficiency very common condition worldwide. Supplementation possible, but has narrow safety level, toxic levels are close normally required correct need. Thus, whether obtaining optimal selenium concentration desirable, risk dangerous concentrations must be equally excluded. This review addressed contribution by environment food intake on circulating (e.g., geographical factors, soil climate, different quantities food, nuts, cereals, eggs, meat fish) effects its or excess, together with role selenoproteins thyroid pathophysiology Hashimoto’s thyroiditis Graves’ disease).

Language: Английский

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Thyroid complications of SARS and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Endocrine Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 68(2), P. 129 - 136

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

We have reviewed the available literature on thyroid diseases and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), data from previous pandemic, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic. learned that both SARS COVID-19 patients had abnormalities. In limited number of cases, where it was examined, decreased serum T3, T4 TSH levels were detected. a study survivors approximately 7% hypothyroidism. evaluation evidence found pituitary function also affected in SARS. Others suggested hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction. One result published recently indicates primary injury to gland itself may play key role pathogenesis disorders patients, too. Subacute thyroiditis, autoimmune thyroiditis an atypical form are complications COVID-19. Thyroid hormone dysfunction affects outcome by increasing mortality critical illnesses like distress syndrome, which is leading complication Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 membrane-bound enzyme, expressed coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) uses for docking, entering as well replication. Based results obtained SARS-CoV-2 beside others, we suggest necessary monitor hormones

Language: Английский

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Post-COVID-19 Condition: Where Are We Now?

Life, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 517 - 517

Published: March 31, 2022

COVID-19 is currently considered a systemic infection involving multiple systems and causing chronic complications. Compared to other post-viral fatigue syndromes, these complications are wider more intense. The most frequent symptoms profound fatigue, dyspnea, sleep difficulties, anxiety or depression, reduced lung capacity, memory/cognitive impairment, hyposmia/anosmia. Risk factors for this condition severity of illness, than five in the first week disease, female sex, older age, presence comorbidities, weak anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response. Different lines research have attempted explain protracted symptoms; persistent inflammation, autonomic nervous system disruption, hypometabolism, autoimmunity may play role. Due thyroid high ACE expression, key molecular complex SARS-CoV-2 uses infect host cells, be target coronavirus infection. Thyroid dysfunction after combination numerous mechanisms, its role long-COVID manifestations not yet established. proposed mechanisms direct effect on an indirect inflammatory immune response, hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis leading decreased serum TSH. Only few studies reported gland status post-COVID-19 condition. post-COVID deserves recognition as cause syndrome. It important recognize affected individuals at early stage so we can offer them adequate treatments, helping thrive through uncertainty their

Language: Английский

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Thyroid sequelae of COVID-19: a systematic review of reviews

Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(2), P. 485 - 491

Published: April 11, 2021

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has potential to cause multi-organ effects including endocrine disorders. impact of COVID-19 on thyroid gland been described but several aspects have be clarified. systematic review was conceived achieve more solid information about: 1) which or dysfunction should expected in patients; 2) whether patients a higher risk SARS-CoV-2 infection; 3) management adapted patient when infected. literature searched two authors independently. A 5-step search strategy priori adopted. Only reviews focused relationship between and were included. last performed February 21 st 2021. Two-hundred-forty-seven records initially found nine finally identified consequences patients, such as thyrotoxicosis, low-T3 subacute thyroiditis, while no relevant data regarding treatment. present that: diagnosed with can develop dysfunction, frequently non-thyroidal illness hospitalized intensive care unit, having does not increase for infection, do need COVID-19-adapted follow-up. Anyway, factors, critical medications, could affect laboratory tests.

Language: Английский

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Ultrasound and Doppler findings in pregnant women with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 58(1), P. 111 - 120

Published: April 1, 2021

To describe and compare ultrasound Doppler findings in pregnant women who were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with those SARS-CoV-2-negative, evaluated during the pandemic period.

Language: Английский

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