Smart facemask for wireless CO2 monitoring

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 10, 2022

The use of facemasks by the general population is recommended worldwide to prevent spread SARS-CoV-2. Despite evidence in favour reduce community transmission, there also agreement on potential adverse effects their prolonged usage, mainly caused CO

Language: Английский

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Optimizing Decision-Making Processes in Times of COVID-19: Using Reflexivity to Counteract Information-Processing Failures

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: June 22, 2021

The effectiveness of policymakers’ decision-making in times crisis depends largely on their ability to integrate and make sense information. COVID-19 confronts governments with the difficult task making decisions interest public health safety. Essentially, policymakers have react a threat, which extent is unknown, they are under time constraints midst immense uncertainty. stakes high, issues involved complex require careful balancing several interests, including (mental) health, economy, human rights. These circumstances render processes vulnerable errors biases processing information, thereby increasing chances faulty poor outcomes. Prior research has identified three main information-processing failures that can distort group lead negative outcomes: (1) failure search for share (2) elaborate analyze information not line earlier (3) revise update conclusions policies light new To date, it yet been explored how underlying these impact crisis. In this narrative review, we outline groupthink, narrow focus problem containing virus, escalation commitment may pose real risks handling result widespread societal damages. Hence, vital take steps maximize quality process increase positive outcomes as goes forward. We propose reflexivity—a deliberate discussing team goals, processes, or outcomes—as an antidote decision-making. Specifically, recommend evidence-based reflexivity tools could easily be implemented counter improve uncertain times.

Language: Английский

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Nanotechnology Transition Roadmap toward Multifunctional Stimuli-Responsive Face Masks

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(41), P. 46123 - 46144

Published: Sept. 26, 2022

In recent times, the use of personal protective equipment, such as face masks or respirators, is becoming more and critically important because common pollution; furthermore, have become a necessary element in global fight against COVID-19 pandemic. For this reason, main mission scientists has development with exceptional properties that will enhance their performance. The versatility electrospun polymer nanofibers determined suitability material for constructing "smart" filter media. This paper provides an overview research carried out on nanofibrous filters obtained by electrospinning. progressive next generation whose unique can be activated response to specific external stimulus highlighted. Thanks additional components incorporated into fiber structure, can, example, acquire antibacterial antiviral properties, self-sterilize store energy generated users. Despite discovery several fascinating possibilities, some them remain unexplored. Stimuli-responsive potential products large-scale availability great importance society whole.

Language: Английский

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Effects of COVID-19 protective face masks and wearing durations on respiratory haemodynamic physiology and exhaled breath constituents

European Respiratory Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 60(3), P. 2200009 - 2200009

Published: Feb. 15, 2022

Background While assumed to protect against coronavirus transmission, face masks may have effects on respiratory–haemodynamic parameters. Within this pilot study, we investigated immediate and progressive of FFP2 surgical exhaled breath constituents physiological attributes in 30 adults at rest. Methods We continuously monitored profiles within mask space older (age 60–80 years) young middle-aged 20–59 over the period 15 min by high-resolution real-time mass-spectrometry. Peripheral oxygen saturation ( S pO 2 ) respiratory haemodynamic parameters were measured (noninvasively) simultaneously. Results Profound, consistent significant (p≤0.001) changes (≥60_FFP2-15 min: 5.8±1.3%↓, ≥60_surgical-15 3.6±0.9%↓, <60_FFP2-30 1.9±1.0%↓, <60_surgical-30 0.9±0.6%↓) end-tidal carbon dioxide tension P ETCO 19.1±8.0%↑, 11.6±7.6%↑, <60_FFP2- 12.1±4.5%↑, <60_surgical- 9.3±4.1%↑) indicate ascending deoxygenation hypercarbia. Secondary (p≤0.005) e.g. mean arterial pressure (MAP) ≥60_FFP2-15 9.8±10.4%↑) found. Exhalation bloodborne volatile metabolites, aldehydes, hemiterpene, organosulfur, short-chain fatty acids, alcohols, ketone, aromatics, nitrile monoterpene mirrored behaviour cardiac output, MAP, , rate . Exhaled humidity 7.1±5.8%↑) 6.1±10.0%↓) changed significantly time. Conclusions Breathomics allows unique physiometabolic insights into transient wearing. Physiological endogenous and/or exogenous metabolites indicated putative cross-talk between hypoxaemia, oxidative stress, hypercarbia, vasoconstriction, altered systemic microbial activity, energy homeostasis, compartmental storage washout. had a more pronounced effect than masks. Older vulnerable mask-induced decline, blood fluctuations concomitant metabolic effects.

Language: Английский

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Expert consensus on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections in children

World Journal of Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. 11 - 25

Published: Dec. 8, 2023

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading global cause of respiratory infections and responsible for about 3 million hospitalizations more than 100,000 deaths annually in children younger 5 years, representing a major healthcare burden. There great unmet need new agents universal strategies to prevent RSV early life. A multidisciplinary consensus development group comprising experts epidemiology, infectious diseases, medicine, methodology aims develop current address clinical issues children.

Language: Английский

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Effect of extreme temperatures on asthma hospital visits: Modification by event characteristics and healthy behaviors

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 226, P. 115679 - 115679

Published: March 12, 2023

Language: Английский

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Possible toxicity of chronic carbon dioxide exposure associated with face mask use, particularly in pregnant women, children and adolescents – A scoping review

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(4), P. e14117 - e14117

Published: March 3, 2023

During the SARS-CoV-2-pandemic, face masks have become one of most important ubiquitous factors affecting human breathing. It increases resistance and dead space volume leading to a re-breathing CO

Language: Английский

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The academic left, human geography, and the rise of authoritarianism during the COVID-19 pandemic

Geografiska Annaler Series B Human Geography, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 106(2), P. 175 - 195

Published: Jan. 23, 2023

In this paper, we critically analyse the response to COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting not only breadth of knowledge geographers have already contributed assessment, but also surprisingly limited critique within geography, social sciences and broadly defined 'Academic Left' authoritarian dimension public health policies 2020 onwards. We conclude with a number research questions for aftermath hope that they will help spur growth new wave anti-authoritarian Leftist geographical thinking reaffirms centrality human rights civil liberties making world better place.

Language: Английский

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Wearing face masks as a potential source for inhalation and oral uptake of inanimate toxins – A scoping review

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 275, P. 115858 - 115858

Published: March 26, 2024

From 2020 to 2023 many people around the world were forced wear masks for large proportions of day based on mandates and laws. We aimed study potential face content release inanimate toxins.

Language: Английский

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Carbon dioxide rises beyond acceptable safety levels in children under nose and mouth covering: Results of an experimental measurement study in healthy children

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 212, P. 113564 - 113564

Published: May 27, 2022

Nose and mouth covering (NMC) has been made compulsory for children in many countries during the Covid-19 pandemic. We wanted to determine average CO2 levels inhaled air with NMC between age 6 17. used short term measurements under surgical masks FFP2 according European norm EN 149, compared baseline an experimental, intra-individually controlled study over 25 min. content was measured every 15 s using automated dual-wavelength infrared measurement device (G100, Geotech, Leamington Spa, UK) min a short-term experimental setting, seated. After were provided two types of commonly worn NMC: FFP2--masks randomized sequence 3 each. kept ambient CO2-levels below 1000 parts per million (ppm) through frequent ventilation. breathing frequency pulse as potential physiological moderator variables. Forty-five children, boys, 20 girls, mean 10.7 years (standard deviation 2.6) measured. 13,100 ppm (SD 380) mask 13,900 370) air. A linear model covariate showed highly significant effect condition (p < 1*10-9). 2,700 100) at pre-baseline 2,800 post-baseline, non-significant small difference. Appropriate contrasts revealed that change due only difference not significant. Wearing (surgical or FFP2- -masks) raises quickly very high level healthy seated resting position might be hazardous children's health.

Language: Английский

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