Vaginal microbiota and the potential of Lactobacillus derivatives in maintaining vaginal health

Microbial Cell Factories, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: Nov. 7, 2020

Abstract Human vagina is colonised by a diverse array of microorganisms that make up the normal microbiota and mycobiota. Lactobacillus most frequently isolated microorganism from healthy human vagina, this includes crispatus , gasseri iners jensenii . These vaginal lactobacilli have been touted to prevent invasion pathogens keeping their population in check. However, disruption ecosystem contributes overgrowth which causes complicated infections such as bacterial vaginosis (BV), sexually transmitted (STIs), vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Predisposing factors menses, pregnancy, sexual practice, uncontrolled usage antibiotics, douching can alter microbial community. Therefore, composition serves an important role determining health. Owing Generally Recognised Safe (GRAS) status, widely utilised one alternatives besides conventional antimicrobial treatment against for prevention chronic vaginitis restoration ecosystem. In addition, effectiveness prophylaxis has also well-founded long-term administration. This review aimed highlight beneficial effects derivatives (i.e. surface-active molecules) with anti-biofilm, antioxidant, pathogen-inhibition, immunomodulation activities developing remedies infections. We discuss current challenges implementation use promotion review, we intend provide insights development complementary or alternative medicine probiotic therapy

Language: Английский

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The Interplay Between Reproductive Tract Microbiota and Immunological System in Human Reproduction

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: March 16, 2020

In the last decade, microbiota, or set of microorganisms living in and on human body, has increasingly being attracting attention researchers medical field. Indeed, since completion Human Microbiome Project, knowledge interest function microbiota health disease, also through study its combined genomes, microbiome, been steadily expanding. One less explored field microbiome research female reproductive tract. Research mainly from past decade suggests that microbial communities residing tract represent a large proportion network appear to be involved failure pregnancy complications. Overall, such increasing efforts have brought about new scientific evidence, as well technological methodological challenges, detection techniques analysis methods are far standardized. A further hurdle is understanding complex host-microbiota interaction confounding effect multitude constitutional environmental factors. key regulator seems immune system during peri-conceptional stage, even more so pregnancy, modulates this interaction. This review aims at summarizing current literature describing composition microbiotas different anatomical locations (vagina, cervix, endometrium placenta). We discuss putative mechanisms between aspects focusing characteristic immunological changes normal pregnancy. Furthermore, we how abnormal "dysbiosis" linked spectrum clinical disorders related maternal involved. Finally, based data presented review, future perspectives diagnostic approaches therapeutic opportunities explored.

Language: Английский

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HPV infection alters vaginal microbiome through down-regulating host mucosal innate peptides used by Lactobacilli as amino acid sources

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Feb. 28, 2022

Despite the high prevalence of both cervico-vaginal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and bacterial vaginosis (BV) worldwide, their causal relationship remains unclear. While BV has been presumed to be a risk factor for HPV acquisition related carcinogenesis long time, here, supported by large retrospective follow-up study (n = 6,085) extensive in vivo data using K14-HPV16 transgenic mouse model, we report novel blueprint which opposite association also exists. Mechanistically, interacting with several core members (NEMO, CK1 β-TrCP) NF-κB Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, show that E7 oncoprotein greatly inhibits host defense peptide expression. Physiologically secreted squamous mucosa lining lower female genital tract, demonstrate some these latter are fundamental factors governing host-microbial interactions. More specifically, innate molecules down-regulated case hydrolyzed, internalized used predominant Lactobacillus species as amino acid source sustaining growth/survival. Collectively, this reveals new viral immune evasion strategy which, its persistent/negative impact on lactic bacteria, ultimately causes dysbiosis vaginal microbiota.

Language: Английский

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Use of probiotic lactobacilli in the treatment of vaginal infections: In vitro and in vivo investigations

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: April 3, 2023

The vaginal microbiome is a distinct component of the human that colonized by wide variety microorganisms. Lactobacilli are most frequently identified microorganisms in healthy vagina. These Gram-positive bacilli can acidify microenvironment, inhibit proliferation other pathogenic microorganisms, and promote maintenance eubiotic microbiome. However, flora with reduced proportion or abundance lactobacilli associated various infections have been linked to serious health consequences such as infertility, preterm birth, pelvic inflammatory disease, premature rupture membranes, miscarriage. Due their “Generally Recognized Safe” classification critical role health, probiotic widely used an alternative adjunct traditional antibiotic therapy for treatment restoration This review focuses on significant microenvironment discusses use female vitro vivo .

Language: Английский

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Dysregulation of immune response in PCOS organ system

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: May 5, 2023

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common reproductive endocrine disorder affecting women, which can lead to infertility. Infertility, obesity, hirsutism, acne, and irregular menstruation are just a few of issues that PCOS be linked to. has complicated pathophysiology range clinical symptoms. Chronic low-grade inflammation one features PCOS. The inflammatory environment involves immune metabolic disturbances. Numerous organ systems across body, in addition female system, have been affected by pathogenic role immunological dysregulation recent years. Insulin resistance hyperandrogenism associated with cell dysfunction cytokine imbalance. More importantly, obesity also involved PCOS, leading an women Hormone, interactions contribute pathogenesis Hormone imbalance may development autoimmune diseases. aim this review summarize pathophysiological various patients provide new ideas for systemic treatment future.

Language: Английский

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The Vaginal Community State Types Microbiome-Immune Network as Key Factor for Bacterial Vaginosis and Aerobic Vaginitis

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Oct. 30, 2019

Regarding bacterial vaginosis (BV), the relevance of vaginal microbiota to women's health fulfils a key role but knowledge gaps regarding aerobic vaginitis (AV) exist. This study aims characterize microbiome and its relationship with local immune mediators providing an opportunity define link between commensal microorganisms opportunistic pathogens in relation given community state type (CST). A total 90 samples from Caucasian asymptomatic women reproductive age (18y–40y) attending yearly examination not reporting any complaints were retrospectively evaluated for assessment factors dosage. The tested by Ion Torrent PGM Luminex Bio-Plex technologies analysis factors, respectively. In our study, CSTs classification together response profiling represented good predictive indicator suggesting that predominance specific Lactobacillus relative abundance are pivotal elements maintain physiologic status. Vaginal colonization Bifidobacterium may absolve protective similar Lactobacillus, corresponding new identified CST, although studies needed better clarify clinical significance. Moreover, within each different pattern inflammation is activated orchestrated both dominant spp. non-lactobacillus bacteria, can give insights into pathogenic mechanisms. conclusion, this contributes characterization dysbiosis, reshaping concept taking consideration CST profiling, marker, immune-microbial network.

Language: Английский

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Microbiome and Cervical Cancer

Pathobiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 88(2), P. 187 - 197

Published: Nov. 23, 2020

Persistent infection with some types of mucosal human papillomavirus (HPV) is the etiological factor for development cervical cancer and its precursor lesions. Besides, several cofactors are known to play a role in disease onset progression either by favoring or preventing HPV persistence. The microbiome healthy female genital tract characterized presence 1 few varieties lactobacilli. However, high-throughput studies addressing bacterial diversity abundance have shown that factors, including hormonal levels, hygiene habits, sexually transmitted diseases may disrupt natural balance, outgrowth groups bacteria, which turn favor pathological states. Recently, vaginal has emerged as new variable could greatly influence history infections their clinical impact. In this context, changes been detected women infected HPV-associated lesions cancer. specific bacteria development/progression prevention/regression pathologies not well understood. review we summarize current knowledge concerning disease. We discuss potential functional interplay between outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Role of Vaginal Microbiota Dysbiosis in Gynecological Diseases and the Potential Interventions

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: June 18, 2021

Vaginal microbiota dysbiosis, characterized by the loss of

Language: Английский

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The female reproductive tract microbiotas, inflammation, and gynecological conditions

Frontiers in Reproductive Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: Aug. 9, 2022

The intricate interactions between the host cells, bacteria, and immune components that reside in female reproductive tract (FRT) are essential maintaining homeostasis. Much of our current knowledge surrounding FRT microbiota relates to vaginal microbiota, where ‘health’ has long been associated with low bacterial diversity Lactobacillus dominance. This concept recently challenged as women can have a diverse microbial composition absence symptomatic disease. structures upper (the endocervix, uterus, Fallopian tubes, ovaries) distinct, lower biomass microbiotas than vagina; however, existence permanent at these sites is disputed. During homeostasis, balance exists bacteria system maintains quiescence. Alterations system, or local environment may result perturbances defined dysbiosis. inflammatory signature perturbed “dysbiotic” characterized by elevated concentrations pro-inflammatory cytokines cervical fluid. It appears homeostasis be disrupted two different mechanisms: first, shift toward increased trigger inflammation, second, immunity altered some manner, which disrupts response an environmental change. dysbiosis negative effects on health. review will examine increasing evidence for involvement inflammation gynecologic conditions such endometriosis, infertility, endometrial ovarian cancer; precise mechanisms involved remains speculative present. While only their infancy, use antibiotics probiotics therapeutically alter being studied discussed herein. Our understanding intimate relationship its early days, more research needed deepen mechanistic this assess how present harnessed assist diagnosis treatment conditions.

Language: Английский

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Vaginal Microbiome Composition in Early Pregnancy and Risk of Spontaneous Preterm and Early Term Birth Among African American Women

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: April 29, 2021

To evaluate the association between early pregnancy vaginal microbiome and spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) term (sETB) among African American women.

Language: Английский

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