Biological Versus Chronological Aging

Journal of the American College of Cardiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 75(8), P. 919 - 930

Published: Feb. 24, 2020

Aging is the main risk factor for vascular disease and ensuing cardiovascular cerebrovascular events, leading causes of death worldwide. In a progressively aging population, it essential to develop early-life biomarkers that efficiently identify individuals who are at high developing accelerated damage, with ultimate goal improving primary prevention reducing health care socioeconomic impact age-related disease. Studies in experimental models humans have identified 9 highly interconnected hallmark processes driving mammalian aging. However, strategies extend span life require understanding interindividual differences age-dependent functional decline, known as biological This review summarizes current knowledge on age biomarkers, factors influencing aging, antiaging interventions, focus aspects process its related manifestations.

Language: Английский

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Endothelial Dysfunction: Is There a Hyperglycemia-Induced Imbalance of NOX and NOS?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 20(15), P. 3775 - 3775

Published: Aug. 2, 2019

NADPH oxidases (NOX) are enzyme complexes that have received much attention as key molecules in the development of vascular dysfunction. NOX primary function generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), and considered main source ROS production endothelial cells. The endothelium is a thin monolayer lines inner surface blood vessels, acting secretory organ to maintain homeostasis flow. enzymatic nitric oxide (NO) by NO synthase (eNOS) critical mediating function, oxidative stress can cause dysregulation eNOS Insulin stimulus for increases flow endothelium-dependent vasodilation. However, cardiovascular disease type 2 diabetes characterized poor control cell redox environment, with shift toward overproduction NOX. Studies models demonstrate aberrant activation contributes uncoupling It well-established dysfunction precedes onset disease, therefore important molecular links between complications. aim current review describe normal, healthy physiological mechanisms involved highlight central role when glucose impaired.

Language: Английский

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Signaling pathways in vascular function and hypertension: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: April 20, 2023

Abstract Hypertension is a global public health issue and the leading cause of premature death in humans. Despite more than century research, hypertension remains difficult to cure due its complex mechanisms involving multiple interactive factors our limited understanding it. condition that named after clinical features. Vascular function factor affects blood pressure directly, it main strategy for clinically controlling BP regulate constriction/relaxation vessels. elasticity, caliber, reactivity are all characteristic indicators reflecting vascular function. Blood vessels composed three distinct layers, out which endothelial cells intima smooth muscle media performers The alterations signaling pathways these key molecular underlying dysfunction development. In this manuscript, we will comprehensively review involved regulation progression, including calcium pathway, NO-NOsGC-cGMP various remodeling some important upstream such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, oxidative stress-related immunity/inflammation etc. Meanwhile, also summarize treatment methods targets discuss possibility being applied work.

Language: Английский

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Targeting oxidative stress as a preventive and therapeutic approach for cardiovascular disease

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Aug. 2, 2023

Abstract Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to exert a significant impact on global mortality rates, encompassing conditions like pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), atherosclerosis (AS), and myocardial infarction (MI). Oxidative stress (OS) plays crucial role in the pathogenesis advancement of CVDs, highlighting its significance as contributing factor. Maintaining an equilibrium between reactive oxygen species (ROS) antioxidant systems not only aids mitigating oxidative but also confers protective benefits cardiac health. Herbal monomers can inhibit OS CVDs by activating multiple signaling pathways, such increasing activity endogenous decreasing level ROS expression. Given actions herbal significantly protect normal function heart reduce damage caused organism. Hence, it is imperative recognize prospective therapeutic interventions for CVDs. This paper aims comprehensively review origins mechanisms underlying OS, elucidate intricate association explore potential treatment utilizing monomers. Furthermore, particular emphasis will be placed examining cardioprotective effects evaluating their pathways subsequent treatment. Graphical

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of and Potential Medications for Oxidative Stress in Ovarian Granulosa Cells: A Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(11), P. 9205 - 9205

Published: May 24, 2023

Granulosa cells are essential for follicle initiation and development, their abnormal function or apoptosis is a crucial factor leading to follicular atresia. A state of oxidative stress occurs when the balance between production reactive oxygen species regulation antioxidant system disturbed. Oxidative one most important causes granulosa cells. in female reproductive diseases, such as polycystic ovary syndrome premature ovarian failure. In recent years, studies have confirmed that mechanism closely linked PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, MAPK FOXO axis, Nrf2 NF-κB mitophagy. It has been found drugs sulforaphane, Periplaneta americana peptide, resveratrol can mitigate functional damage caused by on This paper reviews some mechanisms involved describes underlying pharmacological treatment

Language: Английский

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The metabolic characteristics and changes of chondrocytes in vivo and in vitro in osteoarthritis

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: May 24, 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an intricate pathological condition that primarily affects the entire synovial joint, especially hip, hand, and knee joints. This results in inflammation synovium osteochondral injuries, ultimately causing functional limitations joint dysfunction. The key mechanism responsible for maintaining articular cartilage function chondrocyte metabolism, which involves energy generation through glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, other metabolic pathways. Some studies have shown chondrocytes OA exhibit increased glycolytic activity, leading to elevated lactate production decreased matrix synthesis. In cartilage, display alterations mitochondrial such as ATP stress, can contribute deterioration. Chondrocyte metabolism also anabolic processes extracellular substrate generation. During OA, undergo considerable changes different aspects, homeostasis Numerous been carried out provide tangible therapies by using various models vivo vitro targeting although there are still certain limitations. With growing evidence indicating essential role of disease etiology, this literature review explores characteristics presence both . To insight into complex reprogramming crucial during progression, we investigate dynamic interaction between pathways, lipid function. addition, highlights prospective future research directions novel approaches diagnosis treatment. Adopting a multifaceted strategy, our aims offer comprehensive understanding intricacies within with ultimate goal identifying therapeutic targets capable modulating treatment OA.

Language: Английский

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Antioxidant-Rich Functional Foods and Exercise: Unlocking Metabolic Health Through Nrf2 and Related Pathways

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 1098 - 1098

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

This article reviews the synergistic effects of antioxidant-enriched functional foods and exercise in improving metabolic health, focusing on underlying molecular mechanisms. The review incorporates evidence from PubMed, SCOPUS, Web Science, PsycINFO, reference lists relevant up to 20 December 2024, highlighting central role Nrf2 pathway. As a critical regulator oxidative stress adaptation, mediates benefits these interventions. presents an innovative approach understanding regulation inflammation, its potential prevention treatment various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular pulmonary diabetes, inflammatory conditions, ageing, infections such as COVID-19. novelty this study is investigate bioactive compounds found (such polyphenols, flavonoids, vitamins) exercise-induced activation combined reveals their improve insulin sensitivity lipid metabolism reduce offering promising strategy for management chronic diseases. However, there are significant gaps current research, particularly regarding mechanisms interaction between diet, physical activity, activation, well long-term different populations, those with In addition, interactions other signalling pathways, AMPK, NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, collective contributions health explored. Furthermore, novel biomarkers presented assess impact strategies, NAD+/NADH ratio, GSH markers mitochondrial health. findings provide valuable insights into how integration antioxidant-rich diet regular can by activating related pathways represent strategies disorders. Further studies needed fully understand therapeutic interventions diseases stress, disease, cancer.

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic potential of resveratrol against emerging respiratory viral infections

Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 214, P. 107613 - 107613

Published: June 17, 2020

Resveratrol has been widely studied for its therapeutic potential due to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties. In particular, resveratrol shown promising antiviral activity against numerous viruses responsible severe respiratory infections. Amongst these, influenza virus, syncytial virus the emerging SARS-cov-2 are known cause pneumonia, acute distress syndrome or multi-organ failure, especially, in vulnerable individuals like immunocompromised patients elderly, leading a considerable economic burden worldwide. this context, may have value activity, since most of virus-associated complications related overactivation host-immune response, lung damage. Herein, we present an overview mechanisms tract considered as public threat their rapid transmission high morbidity mortality general population.

Language: Английский

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Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Seed Oil: A Functional Food from the Winemaking Industry

Foods, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(10), P. 1360 - 1360

Published: Sept. 25, 2020

Wine production is an ancient human activity that generates several by-products, which include some constituents known for their potential in health care and role the food or cosmetic industries. Any variety of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) contains nutrients bioactive compounds available from juice solid parts. Grape seed extract has demonstrated many activities disease prevention, such as antioxidant effects, make it a source nutraceuticals. remarkable winery industry by-product due to bioactivity its constituents. Methods recovery oil seeds have evolved improve both quantity quality yield. Both lipophilic hydrophilic chemicals present V. L. this wine natural Food non-food industries are becoming novel targets obtained given various properties. This review focuses on advantages intake our diet regarding chemical composition not related economic environmental impact production.

Language: Английский

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Relation of Fruits and Vegetables with Major Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Markers of Oxidation, and Inflammation

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(10), P. 2381 - 2381

Published: Oct. 6, 2019

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are considered to be the leading cause of death worldwide. Inadequate fruit and vegetable intake have been recognized as a risk factor for almost all NCDs (type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer, cardiovascular neurodegenerative diseases). The main aim this review is examine possible protective effect that consumption or their bioactive compounds may on development such atherosclerosis. accumulated evidence effects adequate fruits vegetables in some cases, lack others, summarized present review. conclusion well-designed, large-scale, long-term studies needed truly understand role

Language: Английский

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