The Hyperoxic-Hypoxic Paradox

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 958 - 958

Published: June 25, 2020

Effective metabolism is highly dependent on a narrow therapeutic range of oxygen. Accordingly, low levels oxygen, or hypoxia, are one the most powerful inducers gene expression, metabolic changes, and regenerative processes, including angiogenesis stimulation stem cell proliferation, migration, differentiation. The sensing decreased oxygen (hypoxia) increased (hyperoxia), occurs through specialized chemoreceptor cells changes at cellular level, which regulate response. Interestingly, fluctuations in free concentration rather than absolute level can be interpreted as lack Thus, repeated intermittent hyperoxia induce many mediators mechanisms that usually induced during hypoxia. This called hyperoxic-hypoxic paradox (HHP). article reviews physiology, main processes triggered by cascade events HHP.

Language: Английский

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Regenerative Stem Cell Therapy for Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Overview

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(4), P. 2153 - 2153

Published: Feb. 22, 2021

Neurodegenerative diseases resulting from the progressive loss of structure and/or function neurons contribute to different paralysis degrees and cognition sensation. The lack successful curative therapies for neurodegenerative disorders leads a considerable burden on society high economic impact. Over past 20 years, regenerative cell therapy, also known as stem has provided an excellent opportunity investigate potentially powerful innovative strategies treating diseases. This is due cells’ capability repair injured neuronal tissue by replacing damaged or lost cells with differentiated cells, providing conducive environment that in favor regeneration, protecting existing healthy glial further damage. Thus, this review, various types current knowledge stem-cell-based diseases, recent advances field are summarized. Indeed, better understanding studies technologies cause progress into realistic efficacious treatments disorders.

Language: Английский

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Neurogenesis in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 78, P. 101636 - 101636

Published: April 29, 2022

Language: Английский

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Mesenchymal stem cell secretome for regenerative medicine: Where do we stand?

Journal of Advanced Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 70, P. 103 - 124

Published: May 9, 2024

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies have yielded beneficial effects in a broad range of preclinical models and clinical trials for human diseases. In the context MSC transplantation, it is widely recognized that main mechanism regenerative potential MSCs not their differentiation, with vivo data revealing transient low engraftment rates. Instead, therapeutic are mainly attributed to its secretome, i.e., paracrine factors secreted by these cells, further offering more attractive innovative approach due effectiveness safety cell-free product. this review, we will discuss benefits MSC-derived secretome medicine particular focus on respiratory, hepatic, neurological Both free vesicular be detailed. We also address novel strategies capable improving healing potential, namely delivering important molecules according specific diseases tissue needs, as well non-clinical studies allow us dissect mechanisms action. includes both soluble non-soluble factors, organized extracellular vesicles (EVs). Importantly, besides depending origin, characteristics deeply influenced external stimuli, highlighting possibility optimizing through preconditioning approaches. Nevertheless, clarity around action remains ambiguous, whereas need standardized procedures successful translation those products clinics urges.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles in tumor immunity: mechanisms and novel insights

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanoscale secreted by cells, have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their role tumor immunomodulation. These facilitate intercellular communication transporting proteins, nucleic acids, and other biologically active substances, they exhibit a dual development immune evasion mechanisms. Specifically, EVs can assist cells evading surveillance attack impairing cell function or modulating immunosuppressive pathways, thereby promoting progression metastasis. Conversely, also transport release immunomodulatory factors that stimulate the activation regulation of system, enhancing body's capacity combat malignant diseases. This functionality presents promising avenues targets for immunotherapy. By examining biological characteristics influence on immunity, novel therapeutic strategies be developed improve efficacy relevance cancer treatment. review delineates complex immunomodulation explores potential implications approaches, aiming establish theoretical foundation provide practical insights advancement future EVs-based immunotherapy strategies.

Language: Английский

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Recent Advances in the Application of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Neural Tissue Engineering and Regeneration

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(8), P. 3503 - 3529

Published: July 22, 2021

The complexity of the nervous system structure and function, its slow regeneration rate, makes it more difficult to treat compared other tissues in human body when an injury occurs. Moreover, current therapeutic approaches including use autografts, allografts, pharmacological agents have several drawbacks can not fully restore injuries. Recently, nanotechnology tissue engineering attracted many researchers guide effective manner. Owing their remarkable physicochemical biological properties, two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials been extensively studied regenerative medicine field. great conductivity these materials them a promising candidate for development novel scaffolds neural application. high loading capacity 2D also has utilize as drug/gene delivery method various devastating disorders. This review will first introduce fundamental properties used biomedicine supporting inducing neuroregeneration, biocompatibility on cells, ability promote differentiation stem immunomodulatory which are beneficial alleviating chronic inflammation at site injury. It discusses types nanomaterials-based applications. Then, latest progress disorder treatment is summarized. Finally, discussion challenges prospects applications provided.

Language: Английский

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A stem cell aging framework, from mechanisms to interventions

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 41(3), P. 111451 - 111451

Published: Oct. 1, 2022

Stem cells play central roles in tissue development, homeostasis, and regeneration. Decades of scientific research have uncovered processes stem cell decline organismal aging, more recently, pioneering technologies permit the dissection its underlying mechanisms inform therapeutic development for aging aging-associated disorders. In this review, we elucidate aging-related features across different somatic types, with a specific focus on epigenetic changes, loss protein systemic influencing factors, including chronic inflammation, circadian rhythm dysregulation, metabolic disorder. Our survey summarizes biological implications, points to potential biomarkers discusses cell-based strategies promoting healthy combating age-related diseases.

Language: Английский

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Advances in nanotechnology versus stem cell therapy for the theranostics of Huntington's disease

Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 87, P. 104774 - 104774

Published: July 20, 2023

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurological disorder characterized by reduction in medium-spiny neurons the brain. Currently, there no cure for HD and treatment relies on symptomatic therapy. The generation of stem cells, including neural, mesenchymal, pluripotent, through conventional strategies or direct cell reprogramming has revolutionized therapy research. Due to their unique ability differentiate into variety self-renew, grow, cells have become an area interest treating various complex unresolved neurodegenerative disorders. Nanotechnology emerged as novel approach with great potential reduced side effects. Nanoparticles (NPs) can act nanovehicles delivering therapeutic agents, siRNAs, neurotrophic factors, different drugs. Additionally, NPs be used alternative based antioxidant reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging properties that protect neuronal cells. Some even exhibit interfere protein aggregation mutant Huntingtin proteins during processes. This review focuses most studied HD, polymeric, lipid-based, liposomes, solid lipid metal/metal oxide. combination diagnosis treatment. been manage cellular microenvironment, improve efficiency drug delivery brain enhance transplant survival. Understanding characteristics essential applying them purposes. In this study, biology well benefits drawbacks using its are discussed.

Language: Английский

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Directional induction of neural stem cells, a new therapy for neurodegenerative diseases and ischemic stroke

Cell Death Discovery, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: July 1, 2023

Abstract Due to the limited capacity of adult mammalian brain self-repair and regenerate, neurological diseases, especially neurodegenerative disorders stroke, characterized by irreversible cellular damage are often considered as refractory diseases. Neural stem cells (NSCs) play a unique role in treatment diseases for their abilities self-renew form different neural lineage cells, such neurons glial cells. With increasing understanding neurodevelopment advances cell technology, NSCs can be obtained from sources directed differentiate into specific phenotype purposefully, making it possible replace lost some which provides new approaches treat well stroke. In this review, we outline generating several neuronal subtypes NSCs. We further summarize therapeutic effects mechanisms these fated disease models, with special emphasis on Parkinson’s ischemic Finally, perspective clinical translation, compare strengths weaknesses methods differentiation, propose future research directions differentiation regenerative medicine.

Language: Английский

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Neural stem cells promote neuroplasticity: a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

Neural Regeneration Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(3), P. 619 - 628

Published: July 28, 2023

Abstract Recent studies have demonstrated that neuroplasticity, such as synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis, exists throughout the normal lifespan but declines with age is significantly impaired in individuals Alzheimer’s disease. Hence, promoting neuroplasticity may represent an effective strategy which disease can be alleviated. Due to their significant ability self-renew, differentiate, migrate, neural stem cells play essential role reversing neuronal damage, reducing pathology of disease, including amyloid-β, tau protein, neuroinflammation, secreting neurotrophic factors growth are related plasticity. These events promote neurogenesis repair microenvironment mammalian brain. Consequently, considered a potential regenerative therapy improve other neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss how regulate optimize effects enhance for treating clinic.

Language: Английский

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