Inflammation in obesity, diabetes, and related disorders

Immunity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 55(1), P. 31 - 55

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(5), P. 524 - 524

Published: May 7, 2021

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative associated with human aging. Ten percent of individuals over 65 years have AD and its prevalence continues to rise increasing age. There are currently no effective modifying treatments for AD, resulting in increasingly large socioeconomic personal costs. Increasing age an increase low-grade chronic inflammation (inflammaging) that may contribute the process AD. Although exact mechanisms remain unclear, aberrant elevation reactive oxygen nitrogen species (RONS) levels from several endogenous exogenous processes brain not only affect cell signaling, but also trigger cellular senescence, inflammation, pyroptosis. Moreover, compromised immune privilege allows infiltration peripheral cells infectious agents play role. Additionally, meta-inflammation as well gut microbiota dysbiosis drive neuroinflammatory process. Considering inflammatory/immune pathways dysregulated parallel cognitive dysfunction elucidating relationship between central nervous system facilitate development safe therapy We discuss some current ideas on inflammaging appear summarize details few immunomodulatory strategies being developed selectively target detrimental aspects neuroinflammation without affecting defense against pathogens tissue damage.

Language: Английский

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Neuroprotective Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitors

Molecules, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 26(23), P. 7213 - 7213

Published: Nov. 28, 2021

Patients with diabetes are at higher risk of cardiovascular diseases and cognitive impairment. SGLT2 inhibitors (Empagliflozin, Canagliflozin, Dapagliflozin, Ertugliflozin, Sotagliflozin) newer hypoglycemic agents many pleiotropic effects. In this review, we discuss their neuroprotective potential. (SGLT2i) lipid-soluble reach the brain/serum ratio from 0.3 to 0.5. SGLT receptors present in central nervous system (CNS). Flozins not fully SGLT2-selective have an affinity for SGLT1 receptor, which is associated protection against ischemia/reperfusion brain damage. SGLT2i show anti-inflammatory anti-atherosclerotic effect, including reduction proinflammatory cytokines, M2 macrophage polarization, JAK2/STAT1 NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition, as well cIMT regression. They also mitigate oxidative stress. improve endothelial function, prevent remodeling exert a protective effect on neurovascular unit, blood-brain barrier, pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes. able inhibit AChE, contributes improvement. Empagliflozin significantly increases level cerebral BDNF, modulates neurotransmission ensures growth, survival, plasticity neurons. Moreover, they may be restore circadian rhythm mTOR activation, quite novel finding field research metabolic great potential protect atherosclerosis impairment patients type 2 mellitus.

Language: Английский

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Melatonin regulates Aβ production/clearance balance and Aβ neurotoxicity: A potential therapeutic molecule for Alzheimer’s disease

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 132, P. 110887 - 110887

Published: Nov. 2, 2020

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative with multiple predisposing factors and complicated pathogenesis. Aβ peptide one of the most important pathogenic in etiology AD. Accumulating evidence indicates that imbalance production clearance brain AD patients leads to deposition neurotoxic oligomer formation. Melatonin shows a potent neuroprotective effect can prevent or slow down progression AD, supporting view melatonin potential therapeutic molecule for modulates regulatory network secretase expression affects function secretase, thereby inhibiting amyloidogenic APP processing production. Additionally, ameliorates Aβ-induced neurotoxicity probably promotes through glymphatic-lymphatic drainage, BBB transportation degradation pathways. In this review, we summarize discuss role against Aβ-dependent We explore cellular molecular mechanisms on assembly, clearance, circadian cycle disruption. clinical trials treatment patients, showing has promising improving sleep quality cognitive function. This review aims stimulate further research as agent

Language: Английский

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Nanotechnology-based drug delivery for central nervous system disorders

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 143, P. 112117 - 112117

Published: Aug. 31, 2021

Drug delivery to central nervous system (CNS) diseases is very challenging since the presence of innate blood–brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid that impede drug delivery. Among new strategies overcome these limitations successfully deliver drugs CNS, nanotechnology-based platform, offers potential therapeutic approach for treatment some common neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's Huntington's disease. This review aimed highlight advances in research on development nano-based therapeutics their implications therapy CNS disorders. The challenges during clinical translation nanomedicine from bench bed side also discussed.

Language: Английский

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Impairment of insulin signaling pathway PI3K/Akt/mTOR and insulin resistance induced AGEs on diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative diseases: a perspective review

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 478(6), P. 1307 - 1324

Published: Oct. 29, 2022

Language: Английский

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Mitochondria and Brain Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Pathological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(9), P. 2488 - 2488

Published: Sept. 7, 2023

Mitochondria play a vital role in maintaining cellular energy homeostasis, regulating apoptosis, and controlling redox signaling. Dysfunction of mitochondria has been implicated the pathogenesis various brain diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, stroke, psychiatric illnesses. This review paper provides comprehensive overview intricate relationship between disease, focusing on underlying pathological mechanisms exploring potential therapeutic opportunities. The covers key topics such as mitochondrial DNA mutations, impaired oxidative phosphorylation, dynamics, calcium dysregulation, reactive oxygen species generation context disease. Additionally, it discusses emerging strategies targeting dysfunction, protective agents, metabolic modulators, gene therapy approaches. By critically analysing existing literature recent advancements, this aims to enhance our understanding multifaceted disease shed light novel interventions.

Language: Английский

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Phytochemicals and Their Usefulness in the Maintenance of Health

Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 523 - 523

Published: Feb. 15, 2024

Inflammation is the immune system’s first biological response to infection, injury, or irritation. Evidence suggests that anti-inflammatory effect mediated by regulation of various inflammatory cytokines, such as nitric oxide, interleukins, tumor necrosis factor alpha-α, interferon gamma-γ, well non-cytokine mediator, prostaglandin E2. Currently, mechanism action and clinical usefulness phytochemicals known; their on activity free radicals, oxidative stress. The latter are great relevance in development diseases, evidence collected demonstrates beneficial effects maintaining health. Epidemiological indicates regular consumption fruits vegetables related a low risk developing cancer other chronic diseases.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes: From risk factors to oxidative stress, metabolic dysfunction, and hyperglycemia

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 874-875, P. 503437 - 503437

Published: Dec. 14, 2021

Language: Английский

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Advances in developing therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 139, P. 111623 - 111623

Published: April 26, 2021

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive deterioration of brain function, initially characterized by cognitive deficits, with loss recent memory and language ability, impairment orientation, problem solving, abstract thinking. While existing drug treatments help reduce the symptoms AD improve people's quality life, they neither slow its progression nor cure it. Currently, targeted delivery to central nervous system (CNS), for therapy AD, confined challenges posed blood-brain interfaces surrounding CNS, limiting bioavailability therapeutics. Among new strategies overcome these limitations successfully deliver drugs nanoparticles (NPs) are able limitations, offering therapeutic designations in term driving cross BBB enter more effectively. The current article aimed summary highlight advances research on development nanotechnology-based therapeutics their implications AD.

Language: Английский

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