Modern plant biotechnology as a strategy in addressing climate change and attaining food security

Agriculture & Food Security, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: April 3, 2022

Abstract Global warming causes a range of negative impacts on plants especially due to rapid changes in temperatures, alterations rainfall patterns, floods or drought conditions, and outbreaks pests diseases. These, turn, affect crop production reducing the quality quantity agricultural produce. Climatic extremes high population growth significantly increase world’s food demand. Therefore, fulfilling goal attaining security for present future generations is prime importance. Biotechnology enables creating dramatic crops withstand stress which difficult attain using conventional breeding approaches. It viable tool used improve production. The development biotechnological approaches such as genetic engineering, genome editing, RNA-mediated gene silencing armored with next-generation sequencing, mapping have paved way precise faster modifications plants. Such intensive efforts are currently underway desirable cultivars meet demand support sustainable productivity climate change adaptation.

Language: Английский

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Advantage of Nanotechnology-Based Genome Editing System and Its Application in Crop Improvement

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: May 28, 2021

Agriculture is an important source of human food. However, current agricultural practices need modernizing and strengthening to fulfill the increasing food requirements growing worldwide population. Genome editing (GE) technology has been used produce plants with improved yields nutritional value as well higher resilience herbicides, insects, diseases. Several GE tools have developed recently, including clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) nucleases, a customizable successful method. The main steps process involve introducing transgenes or CRISPR into via specific gene delivery systems. certain limitations, time-consuming complicated protocols, potential tissue damage, DNA incorporation in host genome, low transformation efficiency. To overcome these issues, nanotechnology emerged groundbreaking modern technique. Nanoparticle-mediated superior conventional biomolecular approaches because it enhances efficiency for both temporal (transient) permanent (stable) genetic modifications various plant species. discoveries advanced technologies, challenges developing short-term breeding strategy remain. Thus, this review, nanobased systems engineering are discussed detail. Moreover, we suggested effective method hasten crop improvement programs by combining such speed CRISPR/Cas, nanotechnology. overall aim review provide detailed overview nanotechnology-based techniques suggest applications possible enhancement.

Language: Английский

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Recent Advancements in Mitigating Abiotic Stresses in Crops

Horticulturae, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 156 - 156

Published: Feb. 7, 2024

In recent years, the progressive escalation of climate change scenarios has emerged as a significant global concern. The threat to food security posed by abiotic stresses such drought, salinity, waterlogging, temperature stress (heat stress, freezing, and chilling), high heavy metal accumulation is substantial. implementation any these on agricultural land induces modifications in morphological, biochemical, physiological processes plants, leading diminished rates germination, growth, photosynthesis, respiration, hormone enzyme activity disruption, heightened oxidative ultimately, reduction crop productivity. It anticipated that frequency will progressively escalate future result rise events. Therefore, it crucial develop productive strategies mitigate adverse effects challenges agriculture industry improve resilience yield. Diverse have been implemented, including development cultivars are resistant through application both conventional modern breeding techniques. An additional prospective emerging technology speed acceleration tolerance cultivar development. Additionally, plant growth regulators, osmoprotectants, nutrient water management, planting time, seed priming, microbial treatment, arbuscular mycorrhiza regarded effective methods for mitigating stresses. biochar, kaolin, chitosan, superabsorbent, yeast extract, seaweed extract examples promising environmentally benign agronomic techniques shown crops; however, their exact mechanisms still not yet fully understood. Hence, collaboration among researchers should be intensified elucidate involved action technologies. This review provides comprehensive current compilation scientific information trends, along with innovative enhance productivity under conditions.

Language: Английский

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An Insight into Modern Targeted Genome-Editing Technologies with a Special Focus on CRISPR/Cas9 and its Applications

Molecular Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 65(2), P. 227 - 242

Published: April 26, 2022

Language: Английский

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An overview of genome engineering in plants, including its scope, technologies, progress and grand challenges

Functional & Integrative Genomics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(2)

Published: April 6, 2023

Language: Английский

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CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing techniques and new breeding strategies in cereals – current status, improvements, and perspectives

Biotechnology Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 69, P. 108248 - 108248

Published: Sept. 2, 2023

Cereal crops, including triticeae species (barley, wheat, rye), as well edible cereals (wheat, corn, rice, oat, rye, sorghum), are significant suppliers for human consumption, livestock feed, and breweries. Over the past half-century, modern varieties of cereal crops with increased yields have contributed to global food security. However, presently cultivated elite crop were developed mainly optimal environmental conditions. Thus, it has become evident that taking into account ongoing climate changes, currently a priority should be given developing new stress-tolerant cultivars. It is necessary enhance accuracy methods time required generate cultivars desired features adapt change keep up world population expansion. The CRISPR/Cas9 system been powerful versatile genome editing tool achieve desirable traits, such high-yielding, stress-tolerant, disease-resistant transgene-free lines in major cereals. Despite recent advances, application faces several challenges, amount develop lines, laboriousness, limited number genotypes may used transformation vitro regeneration. Additionally, through restricted many countries, especially Europe New Zealand, due lack flexibility GMO regulations. This review provides comprehensive update researchers interested improving using gene-editing technologies, CRISPR/Cas9. We will some critical studies on improvements their contributing factors superior technologies.

Language: Английский

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Breakthrough in CRISPR/Cas system: Current and future directions and challenges

Biotechnology Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18(8)

Published: May 11, 2023

Targeted genome editing (GE) technology has brought a significant revolution in fictional genomic research and given hope to plant scientists develop desirable varieties. This involves inducing site-specific DNA perturbations that can be repaired through repair pathways. GE products currently include CRISPR-associated nuclease breaks, prime editors generated flaps, single nucleotide-modifications, transposases, recombinases. The discovery of double-strand nucleases (SSNs), mechanisms paved the way for targeted GE, first-generation tools, ZFNs TALENs, were successfully utilized GE. However, CRISPR-Cas now become preferred tool due its speed, reliability, cost-effectiveness. Plant functional genomics benefited significantly from widespread use CRISPR advancements developments. review highlights progress made technology, including multiplex editing, base (BE), (PE), as well challenges potential delivery mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Integrating Omics and Gene Editing Tools for Rapid Improvement of Traditional Food Plants for Diversified and Sustainable Food Security

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(15), P. 8093 - 8093

Published: July 28, 2021

Indigenous communities across the globe, especially in rural areas, consume locally available plants known as Traditional Food Plants (TFPs) for their nutritional and health-related needs. Recent research shows that many TFPs are highly nutritious they contain health beneficial metabolites, vitamins, mineral elements other nutrients. Excessive reliance on mainstream staple crops has its own disadvantages. food nowadays considered important of future can act supplementary foods burgeoning global population. They also emergency situations such COVID-19 times pandemics. The current situation necessitates alternative sustainable production. To increase cultivation or improve traits TFPs, it is essential to understand molecular basis genes regulate some components resilience biotic abiotic stresses. integrated use modern omics gene editing technologies provide great opportunities better genetic superior nutrient content, climate-resilient adaptation local agroclimatic zones. Recently, realizing importance benefits scientists have shown interest prospection sequencing improvements, mainstreaming. Integrated genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics ionomics successfully used provided a comprehensive understanding gene-protein-metabolite networks. Combined tools led successful several TFPs. This suggests there ample scope improvement In this article, we highlight importance, progress towards valuable by techniques.

Language: Английский

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Achievements and Challenges of Genomics-Assisted Breeding in Forest Trees: From Marker-Assisted Selection to Genome Editing

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(19), P. 10583 - 10583

Published: Sept. 30, 2021

Forest tree breeding efforts have focused mainly on improving traits of economic importance, selecting trees suited to new environments or generating that are more resilient biotic and abiotic stressors. This review describes various methods forest selection assisted by genomics the main technological challenges achievements in research at genomic level. Due long rotation time a plantation resulting generation times necessary complete cycle, use advanced techniques with traditional been necessary, allowing precise for determining genetic architecture interest, such as genome-wide association studies (GWASs) (GS). In this sense, factors determine accuracy prediction models also addressed. turn, introduction genome editing opens door possibilities especially clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9). It is highly efficient effective technique has used effectively implement targetable changes specific places tree. still lack transformation method an inefficient number genotypes CRISPR/Cas9. challenge could be addressed newly developing GRF-GIF speed breeding.

Language: Английский

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Novel Plant Breeding Techniques Shake Hands with Cereals to Increase Production

Plants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 1052 - 1052

Published: April 12, 2022

Cereals are the main source of human food on our planet. The ever-increasing demand, continuously changing environment, and diseases cereal crops have made adequate production a challenging task for feeding population. Plant breeders striving their hardest to increase by manipulating conventional breeding methods based biology plants, either self-pollinating or cross-pollinating. However, traditional approaches take decade, space, inputs in order make crosses release improved varieties. Recent advancements genome editing tools (GETs) increased possibility precise rapid editing. New GETs such as CRISPR/Cas9, CRISPR/Cpf1, prime editing, base dCas9 epigenetic modification, several other transgene-free available fill lacuna selection cycles limited genetic diversity. Over last few years, these technologies led revolutionary developments researchers quickly attained remarkable achievements. associated with various bottlenecks that prevent scaling development new varieties can be dealt integrating speed breeding, which would plant next level. In this review, we summarized all traditional, molecular, integrated up procedure cereals.

Language: Английский

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