Gut microbiota in health and disease: advances and future prospects

MedComm, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(12)

Published: Nov. 20, 2024

Abstract The gut microbiota plays a critical role in maintaining human health, influencing wide range of physiological processes, including immune regulation, metabolism, and neurological function. Recent studies have shown that imbalances composition can contribute to the onset progression various diseases, such as metabolic disorders (e.g., obesity diabetes) neurodegenerative conditions Alzheimer's Parkinson's). These are often accompanied by chronic inflammation dysregulated responses, which closely linked specific forms cell death, pyroptosis ferroptosis. Pathogenic bacteria trigger these death pathways through toxin release, while probiotics been found mitigate effects modulating responses. Despite insights, precise mechanisms influences diseases remain insufficiently understood. This review consolidates recent findings on impact immune‐mediated inflammation‐associated conditions. It also identifies gaps current research explores potential advanced technologies, organ‐on‐chip models microbiome–gut–organ axis, for deepening our understanding. Emerging tools, single‐bacterium omics spatial metabolomics, discussed their promise elucidating microbiota's disease development.

Language: Английский

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Advances in gut–brain organ chips

Cell Proliferation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 57(9)

Published: July 31, 2024

The brain and gut are sensory organs responsible for sensing, transmitting, integrating, responding to signals from the internal external environment. In-depth analysis of brain-gut axis interactions is important human health disease prevention. Current research on primarily relies animal models. However, models make it difficult study mechanisms due inherent species differences, reproducibility experiments poor because individual variations, which leads a significant limitation real-time responses. Organ-on-a-chip platforms provide an innovative approach treatment personalized by replicating ecosystems in vitro. This enables precise understanding their biological functions physiological In this article, we examine history most current developments brain, gut, gut-brain chips. importance these systems pathophysiology developing new drugs emphasized throughout review. article also addresses future directions present issues with advancement application gut-brain-on-a-chip technologies.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles in cancer cachexia: deciphering pathogenic roles and exploring therapeutic horizons

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: May 27, 2024

Abstract Cancer cachexia (CC) is a debilitating syndrome that affects 50–80% of cancer patients, varying in incidence by type and significantly diminishing their quality life. This multifactorial characterized muscle fat loss, systemic inflammation, metabolic imbalance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes microvesicles, play crucial role the progression CC. These vesicles, produced cells others within tumor environment, facilitate intercellular communication transferring proteins, lipids, nucleic acids. A comprehensive review literature from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web Science reveals insights into formation, release, uptake EVs CC, underscoring potential diagnostic prognostic biomarkers. The also explores therapeutic strategies targeting EVs, which include modifying release content, utilizing them for drug delivery, genetically altering contents, inhibiting key pathways. Understanding CC opens new avenues approaches, potentially mitigating syndrome’s impact on patient survival

Language: Английский

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A 3D Gut-Brain-Vascular Platform for Bidirectional Crosstalk in Gut-Neuropathogenesis

Published: March 12, 2025

A ‘gut-brain axis’ is an intricate bidirectional connection between the gut and central nervous system, serving as a key pathway for signal exchange. However, current in vitro models do not fully capture dynamics of interactions these organs, which limits mechanistic understanding therapeutic exploration. Here, we present 3D human gut-brain vascular (GBV) model that simulates communication entities, allowing us to investigate disorders originating from both brain. We created physiologically relevant axis model, creating villus-like lumenized barrier, blood vascular-astrocyte interactions, brain tissue mimics neurovascular interactions. Next, demonstrated gut-to-brain signaling by introducing bacterial-derived toxins into side, penetrate barrier ultimately reaching leading tauopathy, indicator neurodegeneration. observed brain-to-gut exposing side risk factors Alzheimer’s (AD) Parkinson’s (PD), induces neuroinflammation, disrupts subsequently affects epithelial integrity. Our precisely engineered microphysiological system emulates gut-brain-vascular serves translational tool identify targets evaluate pharmaceuticals neurological gastrointestinal disorders.

Language: Английский

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Modeling gut neuro-epithelial connections in a novel microfluidic device

Microsystems & Nanoengineering, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Nov. 14, 2023

The intestinal lumen is filled with diverse chemical and physical stimuli. Intestinal epithelial cells sense these stimuli signal to enteric neurons which coordinate a range of physiologic processes required for normal digestive tract function. Yet, the neuro-epithelial connections remain poorly resolved, in part because tools orchestrating interactions between cellular compartments are lacking. We describe development two-compartment microfluidic device co-culturing cells. contains neuronal connected by microgrooves. compartment was designed cell seeding via injection confinement derived from human organoids. demonstrated that organoids planarized effectively retained phenotype over week. In second chamber we dissociated cultured myenteric including intrinsic primary afferent (IPANs) transgenic mice expressed fluorescent protein tdTomato. IPANs extended projections into microgrooves, surrounded frequently made contacts density directionality were enhanced presence adjacent compartment. Our represents platform may, future, be used dissect structure function gut other organs (skin, lung, bladder, others) health disease.

Language: Английский

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Advancements in Kidney-on-Chip: Antibiotic-Induced Kidney Injury and Future Directions

BioChip Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 27, 2024

Language: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicles: Advanced Tools for Disease Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Therapies

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 189 - 189

Published: Dec. 29, 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of membrane-encapsulated released by cells into the extracellular space. They play crucial role in intercellular communication transporting bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. EVs can be detected body fluids, including blood plasma, urine, saliva, amniotic fluid, breast milk, pleural ascites. The complexity diversity require robust standardized approach. By adhering to protocols guidelines, researchers ensure consistency, purity, reproducibility isolated EVs, facilitating their use diagnostics, therapies, research. Exosomes microvesicles represent an exciting frontier modern medicine, with significant potential transform diagnosis treatment various diseases important personalized medicine precision therapy. primary objective this review is provide updated analysis significance highlighting mechanisms action exploring applications diseases. Additionally, addresses existing limitations future offering practical recommendations resolve current challenges enhance viability for clinical use. This comprehensive approach aims bridge gap between EV research its application healthcare.

Language: Английский

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Development of Tumor-Vasculature Interaction on Chip Mimicking Vessel Co-Option of Glioblastoma

BioChip Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 77 - 84

Published: Nov. 22, 2022

Language: Английский

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Organs‐on‐Chips: Trends and Challenges in Advanced Systems Integration

Advanced Materials Interfaces, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(33)

Published: Oct. 25, 2022

Abstract Organ‐on‐chip platforms combined with high‐throughput sensing technology allow bridging gaps in information presented by 2D cultures modeled on static microphysiological systems. While these do not aim to replicate whole organ systems all physiological nuances, they try mimic relevant structural, physiological, and functional features of organoids tissues best model disease and/or healthy states. The advent this platform has only challenged animal testing but also the opportunity acquire real‐time, data about pathophysiology progression employing biosensors. Biosensors monitoring release biomarkers metabolites as a result physicochemical stress. It, therefore, helps conduct quick lead validation achieve personalized medicine objectives. organ‐on‐chip industry is currently embarking an exponential growth trajectory. Multiple pharmaceutical biotechnology companies are adopting enable patient‐specific acquisition at substantially low costs.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicles and Cancer Multidrug Resistance: Undesirable Intercellular Messengers?

Life, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 1633 - 1633

Published: July 27, 2023

Cancer multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the main mechanisms contributing to therapy failure and mortality. Overexpression drug transporters ABC family (ATP-binding cassette) a major cause MDR. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles released by most cells organism involved in cell–cell communication. Their cargo mainly comprises, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, which transferred from donor cell target lead phenotypical changes. In this article, we review scientific evidence addressing regulation EV-mediated MDR transfer drug-resistant drug-sensitive has been identified several tumor entities. This was attributed, some cases, direct shuttle transporter molecules or its coding mRNA between cells. Also, transport regulatory proteins (e.g., transcription factors) noncoding RNAs have indicated induce Conversely, phenotype via EVs also reported. Additionally, interactions non-tumor with an impact on presented. Finally, highlight uninvestigated aspects possible approaches exploiting knowledge toward identification druggable processes and, ultimately, development novel therapeutic strategies.

Language: Английский

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