The role of hepatokines in NAFLD

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(2), P. 236 - 252

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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The Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics and Synbiotics in Non-Alcoholic Fat Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH): A Systematic Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(15), P. 8805 - 8805

Published: Aug. 8, 2022

Modifications in the microbiota caused by environmental and genetic reasons can unbalance intestinal homeostasis, deregulating host's metabolism immune system, intensifying risk factors for development aggravation of non-alcoholic fat liver disease (NAFLD). The use probiotics, prebiotics synbiotics have been considered a potential promising strategy to regulate gut produce beneficial effects patients with conditions. For this reason, review aimed evaluate effectiveness prebiotics, symbiotics NAFLD NASH. Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane databases were consulted, PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analysis) guidelines followed. clinical trials used study demonstrated that interventions could improve wide range markers inflammation, glycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, obesity, injury (decrease hepatic enzymes steatosis fibrosis). Although modulators do not play healing role, they work as an important adjunct therapy pathological processes involving its spectrums, either improving barrier or preventing formation toxic metabolites acting on system.

Language: Английский

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Aging, oxidative stress and degenerative diseases: mechanisms, complications and emerging therapeutic strategies

Biogerontology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(5), P. 609 - 662

Published: July 30, 2023

Language: Английский

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Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, Metainflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Cardiovascular Diseases: Unraveling Pathways

Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 519 - 519

Published: July 12, 2024

Glycolipid metabolic disorders (GLMDs) are various resulting from dysregulation in glycolipid levels, consequently leading to an increased risk of obesity, diabetes, liver dysfunction, neuromuscular complications, and cardiorenal vascular diseases (CRVDs). In patients with GLMDs, excess caloric intake a lack physical activity may contribute oxidative stress (OxS) systemic inflammation. This study aimed review the connection between GLMD, OxS, metainflammation, onset CRVD. GLMD is due causing dysfunction synthesis, breakdown, absorption glucose lipids body, excessive ectopic accumulation these molecules. mainly neuroendocrine dysregulation, insulin resistance, metainflammation. many inflammatory markers defense cells play vital role related tissues organs, such as blood vessels, pancreatic islets, liver, muscle, kidneys, adipocytes, promoting lesions that affect interconnected organs through their signaling pathways. Advanced glycation end products, ATP-binding cassette transporter 1, Glucagon-like peptide-1, Toll-like receptor-4, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) crucial since they glucolipid metabolism. The consequences this system organ damage morbidity mortality.

Language: Английский

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Time to Consider the “Exposome Hypothesis” in the Development of the Obesity Pandemic

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(8), P. 1597 - 1597

Published: April 12, 2022

The obesity epidemic shows no signs of abatement. Genetics and overnutrition together with a dramatic decline in physical activity are the alleged main causes for this pandemic. While they undoubtedly represent contributors to problem, not able fully explain all cases current trends. In context, body knowledge related exposure as yet underappreciated obesogenic factors, which can be referred "exposome", merits detailed analysis. Contrarily genome, "exposome" is subject great dynamism variability, unfolds throughout individual's lifetime. development precise ways capturing full spectrum person extraordinarily demanding. Data derived from epidemiological studies linking excess weight elevated ambient temperatures, utero, intergenerational effects well epigenetics, microorganisms, microbiota, sleep curtailment, endocrine disruptors, among others, suggests possibility that may work alone or synergistically several alternative putative global epidemic. This narrative review reports available evidence on drivers Broadly based interventions needed better identify these at same time stimulating reflection potential relevance perpetuation

Language: Английский

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Obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma: current status and therapeutic targets

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: June 8, 2023

Obesity is a global epidemic and overwhelming evidence indicates that it risk factor for numerous cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Obesity-associated hepatic tumorigenesis develops from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), progressing to steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis ultimately HCC. The rising incidence obesity resulting in an increased prevalence NAFLD NASH, subsequently represents increasingly important underlying etiology HCC, particular as other causes HCC such hepatitis infection, are declining due effective treatments vaccines. In this review, we provide comprehensive overview molecular mechanisms cellular signaling pathways involved pathogenesis obesity-associated We summarize preclinical experimental animal models available study features NAFLD/NASH/HCC, non-invasive methods diagnose NAFLD, NASH early-stage Finally, since aggressive tumor with 5-year survival less than 20%, will also discuss novel therapeutic targets ongoing clinical trials.

Language: Английский

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Endpoints in NASH Clinical Trials: Are We Blind in One Eye?

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 40 - 40

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

This narrative review aims to illustrate the notion that nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), recently renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated (MASH), is a systemic disorder featuring both adverse hepatic and extrahepatic outcomes. In recent years, several NASH trials have failed identify effective pharmacological treatments and, therefore, lifestyle changes are cornerstone of therapy for NASH. with this context, we analyze epidemiological burden possible pathogenetic factors involved. These include genetic factors, insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, immuno-thrombosis, oxidative stress, reprogramming metabolism, hypoxia, all which eventually culminate in low-grade chronic inflammation increased risk fibrosis progression. The explanations underlying failure also accurately examined. We conclude high heterogeneity NASH, resulting from variable backgrounds, exposure, responses different stresses, susceptibility hepatocyte differences repair-response, calls personalized medicine approaches involving research on noninvasive biomarkers. Future should aim at achieving complete assessment determinants, modifiers, correlates thus adopting more holistic unbiased approach, notably including cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic outcomes, without restricting therapeutic perspectives histological surrogates liver-related outcomes alone.

Language: Английский

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Underlying Mechanisms behind the Brain–Gut–Liver Axis and Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD): An Update

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(7), P. 3694 - 3694

Published: March 26, 2024

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) includes several metabolic dysfunctions caused by dysregulation in the brain–gut–liver axis and, consequently, increases cardiovascular risks and dysfunction. In MAFLD, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, syndrome are frequently present; these conditions related to lipogenesis systemic inflammation. This study aimed review connection between MAFLD. The inflammatory process, cellular alterations hepatocytes stellate cells, hypercaloric diet, sedentarism aggravate prognosis of patients with Thus, understand modulation physiopathology it is necessary include organokines involved this process (adipokines, myokines, osteokines, hepatokines) their clinical relevance project future perspectives condition bring light new possibilities therapeutic approaches. Adipokines responsible for activation distinct signaling different tissues, such as insulin pro-inflammatory cytokines, which important balancing substances avoid MAFLD its progression. Myokines improve quantity quality adipose contributing avoiding development Finally, hepatokines decisive improving or not progression through regulation anti-inflammatory organokines.

Language: Английский

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Resmetirom's approval: Highlighting the need for comprehensive approaches in NASH therapeutics

Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 48(7), P. 102377 - 102377

Published: May 19, 2024

Language: Английский

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Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: The Influence of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Mitochondrial Dysfunctions, and the Role of Polyphenols

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(10), P. 1354 - 1354

Published: Oct. 10, 2024

Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) is a clinical-pathological scenario that occurs due to the accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes which considered significant cause liver conditions and contributes an increased risk death worldwide. Even though possible causes MAFLD can involve interaction genetics, hormones, nutrition, lifestyle (diet sedentary lifestyle) most influential factor developing this condition. Polyphenols comprise many natural chemical compounds be helpful managing metabolic diseases. Therefore, aim review was investigate impact oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, role polyphenols MAFLD. Some reverse part damage related or among them are anthocyanin, baicalin, catechin, curcumin, chlorogenic acid, didymin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, luteolin, mangiferin, puerarin, punicalagin, resveratrol, silymarin. These have actions reducing plasma enzymes, body mass index, waist circumference, adipose visceral indices, lipids, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance, HOMA index. They also reduce nuclear factor-KB (NF-KB), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), blood pressure, fat content, steatosis fibrosis. On other hand, they improve HDL-c, adiponectin levels, fibrogenesis markers. results show promising prevention treatment

Language: Английский

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