Mechanisms of oxidative stress-induced sperm dysfunction

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in male infertility by impairing sperm function through various molecular mechanisms. This review explores the impact of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) on spermatozoa, particularly focusing lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation, and protein oxidation. Lipid peroxidation damages membranes, reducing fluidity motility. ROS-induced fragmentation compromises genetic integrity, potentially leading to adverse offspring outcomes. Protein oxidation alters key structural proteins, motility ability fertilize an egg. The primary sources oxidative include leukocyte activity, mitochondrial dysfunction, environmental factors such as smoking pollution. Despite presence natural antioxidant defenses, spermatozoa are vulnerable due limited repair highlights importance early intervention therapies lifestyle changes mitigate detrimental effects fertility. Further research is essential enhance therapeutic approaches improve reproductive

Language: Английский

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DNA damage in testicular germ cells and spermatozoa. When and how is it induced? How should we measure it? What does it mean?

Andrology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 1545 - 1557

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

This review surveys the causes and consequences of DNA damage in male germ line from spermatogonial stem cells to fully differentiated spermatozoa. Within cell population, integrity is well maintained as a result excellent surveillance repair; however, progressive increase background mutation rates does occur with paternal age possibly aberrant repair replication error. Once has committed spermatogenesis, it responds genetic via range pathways or, if this process fails, by induction apoptosis. When fully-differentiated spermatozoa are stressed, they also activate truncated intrinsic apoptotic pathway which results activation nucleases mitochondria cytoplasm; physical architecture these prevents enzymes translocating nucleus induce fragmentation. Conversely, hydrogen peroxide released sperm midpiece during apoptosis able penetrate damage. The base excision such cleaving oxidized bases DNA, leaving abasic sites that alkali-labile readily detected comet assay. As levels oxidative stress enter perimortem, topoisomerase integrated into chromatin becomes activated SUMOylation. Such may initially facilitate reannealing double strand breaks but ultimately prepares for destruction reproductive tract. lesions found live mutagenic mutational load carried offspring, particularly context assisted conception. A variety strategies described managing patients expressing high their spermatozoa, reduce risks might pose offspring health.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 associates with semen inflammation and sperm quality impairment that reverses in the short term after disease recovery

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: July 11, 2023

Introduction: COVID-19 exerts deleterious effects on the respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and central nervous systems, causing more severe disease in men than women. However, cumulative reported data about putative consequences male reproductive tract fertility are controversial. Furthermore, long-term of SARS-CoV-2 infection still uncertain. Methods: In this study, we prospectively evaluated levels inflammatory cytokines leukocytes semen sperm quality parameters a cohort 231 reproductive-aged patients, unvaccinated, who had recovered from mild or 62 healthy control individuals. Sperm was assessed early (less 3 months) long (more up to 6 after having COVID-19. Interestingly, unlike most studies, available extensive background baseline patients' allowed performing accurate analysis quality. Results: Significantly higher IL-1β, TNF IFNγ were detected patients recently and/or with respect individuals indicating inflammation. Moreover, showed significantly reduced volume, lower total counts, impaired motility viability. all observed alterations returned values months recovery. Discussion: These results indicate that associates inflammation disease. seems not include detrimental potential since reversible 1-2 spermatogenesis cycles. constitute compelling evidence allowing better understanding associated sequelae, fundamental for collection assisted reproduction.

Language: Английский

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Correlation between viral infections in male semen and infertility: a literature review

Virology Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: July 30, 2024

Infertility affects approximately one-sixth of couples globally, with the incidence male infertility steadily increasing. However, our understanding impact viral infections on fertility remains limited. This review consolidates findings from previous studies, outlining 40 viruses identified in human semen and summarizing their key characteristics, modes transmission, effects both reproductive endocrine systems. Furthermore, it elucidates potential pathogenic mechanisms treatment prospects strongly associated infertility. synthesis will enhance comprehension how influence health, offering valuable insights for future research as well diagnosis infectious Abbreviated summary: Semen can damage system, further affecting quality causing infertility, sexually transmitted to partners vertical transmission resulting poor pregnancy outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Beyond acute infection: molecular mechanisms underpinning cardiovascular complications in long COVID

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the global COVID-19 pandemic, has manifested significant cardiovascular implications infected population. These repercussions not only linger beyond initial phase of illness but have also been observed in individuals who remain asymptomatic. This extended and pervasive impact is often called post-acute syndrome (PACS) or “Long COVID”. With number confirmed cases approaching an alarming 756 million, multifaceted challenges Long COVID are undeniable. span from individual health complications to considerable burdens on worldwide healthcare systems. Our review comprehensively examines persistent associated with COVID-19. Furthermore, we shed light emerging therapeutic strategies that promise manage possibly mitigate these complications. We introduce discuss profound concerns regarding potential transgenerational emphasizing need a proactive informed approach future research clinical practice.

Language: Английский

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Alterations in Semen Quality and Immune‐Related Factors in Men with Infertility who Recovered from COVID‐19

MedComm, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(5)

Published: April 24, 2025

ABSTRACT The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has triggered research into its impact on male reproductive health. However, studies exploring the effects severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) semen quality in infertile men remain limited. Herein, we enrolled 781 patients who recovered from COVID‐19 and analyzed their blood samples collected at different time points. We found that SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA was undetectable samples. Compared with pre‐COVID‐19 status, total sperm count, concentration, vitality, motility, percentage cells normal morphology decreased significantly first month post‐COVID‐19. these alterations were reversed third month. Furthermore, seminal plasma exhibited reduced proinflammatory cytokine levels notable changes amino acid, nucleic carbohydrate metabolism by compared those By contrast, no significant hormone found. Vitality, progressive motility negatively correlated body temperature when it above 38°C. In conclusion, initially decreases post‐COVID‐19 but reverses after approximately 3 months, a decline related to inflammatory fever. These findings may provide guidance need assisted technology.

Language: Английский

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Quantitative Proteomics of COVID-19 Recovered Patients Identifies Long-Term Changes in Sperm Proteins Leading to Cellular Stress in Spermatozoa

Reproductive Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 31(8), P. 2409 - 2424

Published: April 24, 2024

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 and Male Infertility: Is There a Role for Antioxidants?

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 1483 - 1483

Published: July 25, 2023

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), jeopardizes male fertility because of the vulnerability reproductive system, especially testes. This study evaluates effects virus on testicular function and examines potential role antioxidants in mitigating damage oxidative stress (OS). A comprehensive PubMed search examined exocrine endocrine alteration, interplay between OS COVID-19-induced defects, benefit antioxidants. Although is rarely directly detectable sperm tissue, semen quality hormonal balance are affected patients, with some changes persisting throughout a spermatogenesis cycle. Testicular pathology deceased patients shows defects spermatogenesis, vascular changes, inflammation. Acute primary hypogonadism observed mainly severely infected cases. Elevated DNA fragmentation markers suggest redox imbalance as possible mechanism behind changes. COVID-19 vaccines appear to be safe for fertility, but efficacy improve after infection remains unproven due limited research. Given inconclusive evidence, careful evaluation men recovering from seeking improvement strongly recommended.

Language: Английский

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Alterations in sperm RNAs persist after alcohol cessation and correlate with epididymal mitochondrial dysfunction

Andrology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 1012 - 1023

Published: Dec. 3, 2023

Chronic preconception paternal alcohol use adversely modifies the sperm epigenome, inducing fetoplacental and craniofacial growth defects in offspring of exposed males. A crucial outstanding question field epigenetic inheritance concerns resilience male germline its capacity to recover correct sperm-inherited errors after stressor withdrawal.

Language: Английский

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Impact of COVID-19 disease on the male factor in reproductive medicine – how-to advise couples undergoing IVF/ICSI

Reproduction Fertility and Development, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(3)

Published: Jan. 7, 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused widespread concern about its potential impact on various aspects of human health.

Language: Английский

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