Microbiome Dynamics: A Paradigm Shift in Combatting Infectious Diseases

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 217 - 217

Published: Feb. 18, 2024

Infectious diseases have long posed a significant threat to global health and require constant innovation in treatment approaches. However, recent groundbreaking research has shed light on previously overlooked player the pathogenesis of disease-the human microbiome. This review article addresses intricate relationship between microbiome infectious unravels its role as crucial mediator host-pathogen interactions. We explore remarkable potential harnessing this dynamic ecosystem develop innovative strategies that could revolutionize management diseases. By exploring latest advances emerging trends, aims provide new perspective combating by targeting

Language: Английский

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Immune Cells, Gut Microbiota, and Vaccines: A Gender Perspective

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 526 - 526

Published: March 17, 2024

The development of preventive and therapeutic vaccines has played a crucial role in preventing infections treating chronic non-communicable diseases, respectively. For long time, the influence sex differences on modifying health disease not been addressed clinical preclinical studies. interaction genetic, epigenetic, hormonal factors plays sex-related epidemiology manifestations, response to treatment. Moreover, is one leading influencing gut microbiota composition, which could further explain different predisposition diseases men women. In same way, between sexes occur also immune vaccines. This narrative review aims highlight these differences, focusing Comparative data about responses, vaccine effectiveness, side effects are reviewed. Hence, intricate interplay sex, immunity, will be discussed for its potential vaccination. Embracing sex-oriented perspective research may improve efficacy allow design tailored schedules.

Language: Английский

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Alterations in microbiota of patients with COVID‐19: implications for therapeutic interventions

MedComm, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(4)

Published: March 15, 2024

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) recently caused a global pandemic, resulting in more than 702 million people being infected and over 6.9 deaths. Patients with disease (COVID-19) may suffer from diarrhea, sleep disorders, depression, even cognitive impairment, which is associated long COVID during recovery. However, there remains no consensus on effective treatment methods. Studies have found that patients COVID-19 alterations microbiota their metabolites, particularly the gut, be involved regulation of immune responses. Consumption probiotics alleviate discomfort by inflammation oxidative stress. pathophysiological process underlying alleviation COVID-19-related symptoms complications targeting unclear. In current study, we summarize latest research evidence together SARS-CoV-2 vaccine use, focus relationship between use. This work provides probiotic-based interventions improve regulating gut systemic immunity. Probiotics also used as adjuvants to efficacy.

Language: Английский

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Intestinal Microbiota and Vaccinations: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 306 - 306

Published: March 12, 2025

Background: Vaccination constitutes a low-cost, safe, and efficient public health measure that can help prevent the spread of infectious diseases benefit community. The fact vaccination effectiveness varies among populations, causes this are still unclear, indicates several factors involved should be thoroughly examined. “intestinal microbiota” is most crucial these elements. Numerous clinical studies demonstrate intestinal microbiota’s significance in determining alleged “immunogenicity” efficacy vaccines. This systematic review aimed to all relevant scientific literature highlight role microbiota COVID-19, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, rotavirus vaccinations. Materials Methods: MESH terms “vaccines” “microbiota” were used search major databases PubMed, SciVerse Scopus, Web Knowledge, Cochrane Central Register Controlled Clinical Trials. Results: Between February 2024 October 2024, analysis was conducted using electronic databases, yielding total 235 references. Finally, 24 RCTs chosen after meeting inclusion criteria: eight two three eleven rotavirus. Only six demonstrated good study quality with Jadad score or four. Conclusions: According review’s results, surely plays vaccinations’ enhanced immunogenicity, especially younger people. As it unclear what mechanisms underlie effect, more research needed better understand microbiota.

Language: Английский

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Baseline gut microbiome and metabolites are correlated with changes in alcohol consumption in participants in a randomized Zonisamide clinical trial

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 26, 2025

Development and severity of alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been linked to variations in gut microbiota their associated metabolites both animal human studies. However, the involvement microbiome consumption individuals with AUD undergoing treatment remains unclear. To address this, stool samples (n = 32) were collected at screening (baseline) trial completion from a double-blind, placebo-controlled zonisamide AUD. Alcohol was measured baseline endpoint 16-week period. Fecal analyzed via 16 S rRNA sequencing metabolome untargeted LC-MS. Both sex (p 0.003) psychotropic medication usage 0.025) are composition. The relative abundance 11 genera correlated percent drinking reduction (p.adj < 0.1). Overall community structure differed between high low reducers (67–100% 0–33% reduction, respectively; p 0.034). A positive relationship fecal GABA levels (R 0.43, p.adj 0.07) identified by function prediction confirmed ELISA metabolomics. Metabolomics analysis also found 3-hydroxykynurenine, neurotoxic intermediate metabolite tryptophan, negatively 0.047), over-represented reducers. These findings highlight importance amino acid participants treatment. It may hold significant value as predictive tool clinical settings better personalize intervention improve future.

Language: Английский

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Association between Gut Microbiota Composition and Long-Term Vaccine Immunogenicity following Three Doses of CoronaVac

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 365 - 365

Published: March 27, 2024

Background: Neutralizing antibody level wanes with time after COVID-19 vaccination. We aimed to study the relationship between baseline gut microbiota and immunogenicity three doses of CoronaVac. Methods: This was a prospective cohort recruiting three-dose CoronaVac recipients from two centers in Hong Kong. Blood samples were collected at one year post-first dose for virus microneutralization (vMN) assays determine neutralization titers. The primary outcome high immune response (defined as vMN titer ≥ 40). Shotgun DNA metagenomic sequencing fecal identified potential bacterial species metabolic pathways using Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis. Univariate multivariable logistic regression models used identify predictors. Results: In total, 36 subjects recruited (median age: 52.7 years [IQR: 47.9–56.4]; male: 14 [38.9%]), 18 had low Eubacterium rectale (log10LDA score = 4.15, p 0.001; relative abundance 1.4% vs. 0, 0.002), Collinsella aerofaciens 3.31, 0.037; 0.39% 0.18%, 0.038), Streptococcus salivarius 2.79, 0.021; 0.05% 0.02%, 0.022) enriched responders. aOR E. rectale, C. aerofaciens, S. 0.03 (95% CI: 9.56 × 10−4–0.32), 4.47 10−4–0.59), 10.19 0.81–323.88), respectively. positive correlation responders like incomplete reductive TCA cycle 2.23). similarly correlated amino acid biosynthesis-related pathways. These all showed anti-inflammation functions. Conclusion: rectale,C. poorer long-term following

Language: Английский

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Effects of Heat-Treated Lactobacillus helveticus CP790-Fermented Milk on Gastrointestinal Health in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(14), P. 2191 - 2191

Published: July 10, 2024

Probiotic-fermented milk is commonly used to maintain intestinal health. However, the effects of heat-treated fermented milk, which does not contain live microorganisms, on function are yet fully understood. This study aimed investigate whether Lactobacillus helveticus CP790-fermented affects fecal microbiota and gut health as a “postbiotic”. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in healthy Japanese individuals aged 20–59 years with tendency toward constipation. Participants consumed 100 mL either test beverage (n = 60) or placebo for four weeks. The beverages were prepared while nonfermented flavored lactic acid. Fecal samples analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Constipation symptoms assessed defecation logs Patient Assessment Symptoms (PAC-SYM) questionnaire. Mood state also Profile States 2 (POMS2) questionnaire explore its potential “psychobiotic”. Desulfobacterota significantly decreased by intake. PICRUSt2 analysis predicted decrease proportion genes involved sulfate reduction pathway following consumption milk. intervention improved stool consistency straining during defecation. These improvements correlated Desulfobacterota. After intervention, overall mood, expressed total mood disturbance, depression–dejection better CP790 group than group. results suggest that intake could be effective modulating improving constipation states.

Language: Английский

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Intestinal Microbiota and Its Effect on Vaccine-Induced Immune Amplification and Tolerance

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 868 - 868

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

This review provides the potential of intestinal microbiota in vaccine design and application, exploring current insights into interplay between immune system, with a focus on its intermediary function efficacy. It summarizes families genera bacteria that are part may enhance or diminish efficacy discusses foundational principles sequence application gut microbial characteristics development. Future research should further investigate use multi-omics technologies to elucidate interactive mechanisms vaccine-induced responses, aiming optimize improve design.

Language: Английский

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The role of the gut microbiota in regulating responses to vaccination: current knowledge and future directions

FEBS Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 5, 2024

Antigen-specific B and T cell responses play a critical role in vaccine-mediated protection against infectious diseases, but these are highly variable between individuals vaccine immunogenicity is frequently sub-optimal infants, the elderly people living low- middle-income countries. Although many factors such as nutrition, age, sex, genetics, environmental exposures, infections may all contribute to immunogenicity, mounting evidence indicates that gut microbiota an important targetable factor shaping optimal immune vaccination. In this review, we discuss from human, preclinical experimental studies supporting for healthy mediating including of COVID-19 vaccines. Furthermore, provide overview potential mechanisms through which could occur strategies be used target boost where it currently sub-optimal.

Language: Английский

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Antigen-specific T helper cells and cytokine profiles predict intensity and longevity of cellular and humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Aug. 29, 2024

Introduction Pre-existent pools of coronavirus-specific or cross-reactive T cells were shown to shape the development cellular and humoral immune responses after primary mRNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. However, determinants booster remain incompletely understood. Therefore, we phenotypically functionally characterized spike antigen-specific helper (Th) in healthy, immunocompetent individuals correlated results with BNT162b2 over a six-month period. Methods Blood 30 healthy healthcare workers was collected before, 1, 3, 6 months their 3rd vaccination. Whole blood stimulated peptides analyzed using flow cytometry, 13-plex cytokine assay, nCounter-based transcriptomics. Results Spike-specific IgG levels at 1 month pre-existing CD154+CD69+IFN-γ+CD4+ effector memory as well spike-induced IL-2 IL-17A secretion. Early post-booster (1-month) (r=0.49), IL‑2 (r=0.58), IFN‑γ release (r=0.43) moderately respective long-term (6-month) responses. Sustained robust significantly associated S-specific (CD69+±CD154+±IFN-γ+) Th-cell frequencies before (p=0.038), especially double/triple-positive type-1 Th cells. Furthermore, levels, release, increased &amp; IL‑4, IP‑10 MCP1, post-booster, respectively. On transcriptional level, induction pathways both T-cell proliferation antigen presentation indicative sustained spike-specific production post-booster. Using support vector machine models, pre-booster early predicted F1 scores 0.80-1.00. Discussion In summary, T-cellular signatures present adaptive Functional assays might facilitate identification potential non-responders.

Language: Английский

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