Austral Entomology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
64(1)
Published: Jan. 19, 2025
Abstract
In
October
2020,
Liriomyza
huidobrensis
(serpentine
leafminer
[SLM])
was
first
detected
in
Western
Sydney,
New
South
Wales
(NSW),
and
subsequently
Southern
Queensland
(QLD).
Control
failures
were
reported,
insecticide
resistance
confirmed
via
bioassay,
but
mechanisms
causing
remained
unknown.
We
characterised
the
complete
mRNA
sequence
of
eight
target
genes
L.
using
RNA
sequencing.
found
that
Australian
SLM
carries
three
mutations
(I129V,
G227A
F331W)
acetylcholinesterase
(
AChE
)
gene,
to
mode
action
(MOA)
1
chemicals;
one
mutation
(A301S)
gamma‐aminobutyric
acid
receptor
subunit
beta
GABAR
),
MOA
2
two
(M918T
L1014L)
voltage‐gated
sodium
channel
VGSC
3
chemicals.
consequently
developed
a
multiamplicon‐sequencing
panel
screen
234
field‐collected
samples
next‐generation
The
multiplex
includes
mitochondrial
cytochrome
oxidase
COI
for
species
identification
,
glutamate‐gated
chloride
GluCl
chitin
synthase
CHS1
gene
mutations.
confirm
all
individuals
carry
multi‐resistance
alleles
homozygous
fixed
state.
This
is
rare
phenomenon
single
individual
be
multiple
mutations,
with
only
few
studies
documenting
such
at
population
level.
Such
mechanism
detection
raises
concern
there
are
limited
chemical
options
control
invasive
Australia.
Insects,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
12(5), P. 468 - 468
Published: May 18, 2021
Field
evolved
resistance
to
insecticides
is
one
of
the
main
challenges
in
pest
control.
The
fall
armyworm
(FAW)
a
lepidopteran
species
causing
severe
crop
losses,
especially
corn.
While
native
Americas,
presence
FAW
was
confirmed
West
Africa
2016.
Since
then,
has
been
detected
over
70
countries
covering
sub-Saharan
Africa,
Middle
East,
North
South
Asia,
Southeast
and
Oceania.
In
this
study,
we
tested
whether
invasion
accompanied
by
spread
mutations
from
invasive
areas.
We
observed
that
Bt
at
ABCC2
genes
were
only
populations
where
initially
reported.
Invasive
found
have
higher
gene
numbers
cytochrome
P450
than
proportion
multiple
acetylcholinesterase
genes,
supporting
strong
selective
pressure
for
against
synthetic
insecticides.
This
result
explains
susceptibility
various
Chinese
populations.
These
results
highlight
necessity
regular
standardized
monitoring
insecticide
using
both
genomic
approaches
bioassay
experiments.
PLoS ONE,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
19(2), P. e0295928 - e0295928
Published: Feb. 23, 2024
The
fall
armyworm
(Spodoptera
frugiperda)
is
one
of
the
most
destructive
pests
corn.
New
infestations
have
been
reported
in
East
Hemisphere,
reaching
India,
China,
Malaysia,
and
Australia,
causing
severe
destruction
to
corn
other
crops.
In
Puerto
Rico,
practical
resistance
different
mode
action
compounds
has
cornfields.
this
study,
we
characterized
inheritance
chlorantraniliprole
flubendiamide
identified
possible
cross-resistance
cyantraniliprole
cyclaniliprole.
Rican
(PR)
strain
showed
high
levels
(RR50
=
2,762-fold)
96-fold).
an
autosomal
for
X-linked
flubendiamide.
trend
dominance
demonstrated
incompletely
recessive
trait
H1
(♂
SUS
×
♀
PR)
dominant
H2
(♀
♂
chlorantraniliprole.
PR
no
significant
presence
detoxification
enzymes
(using
synergists:
PBO,
DEF,
DEM,
VER)
chlorantraniliprole;
however,
SR
2.7
(DEM),
3.2
(DEF)
7.6
(VER)
indicated
role
esterases,
glutathione
S-
transferases
ABC
transporters
metabolism
low
(74-fold)
cyclaniliprole
(11-fold),
respectively.
Incomplete
recessiveness
might
lead
survival
heterozygous
individuals
when
decay
diamide
residue
occurs
plant
tissues.
These
results
highlight
importance
adopting
diverse
pest
management
strategies,
including
insecticide
rotating
manage
FAW
populations
Rico
continents.
Insects,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
12(8), P. 758 - 758
Published: Aug. 23, 2021
Fall
armyworm
(FAW),
Spodoptera
frugiperda,
is
a
major
pest
of
maize
in
the
Americas
and
recently
invaded
Eastern
hemisphere.
It
was
first
detected
India
2018
considered
threat
to
production.
FAW
control
largely
relies
on
application
chemical
insecticides
transgenic
crops
expressing
Bacillus
thuringiensis
insecticidal
proteins.
Assessing
resistance
insecticide
susceptibility
cornerstone
develop
sustainable
management
strategies.
In
this
study,
we
conducted
more
than
400
bioassays
assess
efficacy
nine
from
seven
mode-of-action
classes
against
47
populations
collected
2019
2020
across
various
geographical
areas
India.
The
status
field-collected
compared
an
Indian
population
sampled
2018,
susceptible
reference
2005
Brazil.
Low
moderate
levels
were
observed
for
thiodicarb,
chlorpyriphos,
deltamethrin,
chlorantraniliprole
flubendiamide
several
(including
2018).
highest
ratios
deltamethrin
which
likely
compromises
recommended
label
rates
pyrethroid
general.
Our
data
provide
useful
baseline
future
monitoring
initiatives
highlight
need
implement
Journal of Economic Entomology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
114(5), P. 1934 - 1949
Published: Aug. 9, 2021
The
recent
invasion
of
Africa
by
fall
armyworm,
Spodoptera
frugiperda,
a
lepidopteran
pest
maize
and
other
crops,
has
heightened
concerns
about
food
security
for
millions
smallholder
farmers.
Maize
genetically
engineered
to
produce
insecticidal
proteins
from
the
bacterium
Bacillus
thuringiensis
(Bt)
is
potentially
useful
tool
controlling
armyworm
pests
in
Africa.
In
Americas,
however,
rapidly
evolved
practical
resistance
producing
one
Bt
toxin
(Cry1Ab
or
Cry1Fa).
Also,
aside
South
Africa,
not
been
approved
cultivation
where
stakeholders
each
nation
will
make
decisions
its
deployment.
context
we
address
production
use;
distribution,
host
range,
impact;
control
tactics
than
maize;
strategies
more
sustainable
accessible
smallholders.
We
recommend
mandated
refuges
non-Bt
plants
at
least
50%
total
hectares
single-toxin
20%
two
distinct
toxins
that
are
highly
effective
against
armyworm.
practices
planting
cultivar
intercropping
with
could
facilitate
compliance.
also
propose
creating
providing
farmers
access
produces
four
encoded
linked
genes
single
transgene
cassette.
Using
this
novel
as
component
integrated
management
sustainably
improve
including
CABI Agriculture and Bioscience,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
4(1)
Published: April 18, 2023
Abstract
Background
The
Fall
armyworm
(FAW)
Spodoptera
frugiperda
(Lepidoptera:
Noctuidae)
is
now
established
across
the
African
continent
and
a
highly
polyphagous
destructive
pest
of
many
crops.
In
Uganda,
FAW
has
become
major
maize
pest,
causing
heavy
damage
especially
on
shoots
growing
points.
objectives
this
study
were
to:
(i)
document
local
farming
practices
that
have
been
useful
to
manage
FAW,
(ii)
establish
farmers’
perspective
time
FAW’s
arrival
their
localities,
(iii)
investigate
economic
impact
(yield)
farmers,
(iv)
perception
current
status
(v)
alternative
used
perceived
efficacies.
Methods
A
questionnaire
survey
was
undertaken
in
November
2020
Kamuli
Namutumba
districts
Uganda
99
farmers
interviewed
understand
profiles
perceptions
about
FAW.
descriptive
analysis
data
socio-economic
farmers.
Results
Farmers’
education
levels
two
ranged
from
basic
(completed
primary
education)
advanced
University
degree),
with
most
having
10–30
years
experience
(F
=
20.8;
df
3,7;
P
0.0067),
mainly
small-
mid-sized
production
scales
436.2;
2,5;
0.0002).
Famers
(98%)
(96%)
reported
25–50%
yield
losses
due
infestation
negatively
impacted
income.
We
found
significantly
higher
percentage
(84%
92%
districts,
respectively),
could
correctly
identify
by
its
appearance
(
<
0.0001).
While
officially
2016,
confirmed
noticing
symptoms
similar
those
caused
as
early
2013
2014
respectively.
98%
96%
strongly
agreed
reduced
income,
while
74%
86%
also
considered
threat
majority
(64%
Kamuli,
82%
Namutumba)
still
be
very
serious
challenge
six
since
being
Uganda.
To
84%
90%
respondents
respectively,
predominantly
use
chemical
control
methods.
Other
methods
included
cultural
(i.e.,
regular
weeding
handpicking),
biological
extracts
(pepper,
tobacco,
Aloe-vera,
Lantana,
sisal)
evident
though
not
common.
Pheromones
reported,
although
farmer
district
reportedly
observed
weaver
birds
Ploceus
spp.)
predating
maize.
small
number
(ca.
4%)
both
took
no
intentional
action
against
Conclusions
believe
they
can
if
appropriate
efficacious
insecticides
are
able
apply
them
follow
recommended
procedures.
advocated
for
an
area-wide
approach
one
best
alternatives
invasive
pest.