Frontiers in Physiology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: May 1, 2024
Gregarines
are
usually
classified
as
parasites,
but
recent
studies
suggest
that
they
should
be
viewed
on
a
parasitism-mutualism
spectrum
and
may
even
seen
part
of
the
gut
microbiota
host
insects.
As
such,
also
impact
consumption
their
hosts
and/or
involved
in
digestion
or
detoxification
host’s
diet.
To
study
such
effects
gregarine
species
those
traits
its
host,
mustard
leaf
beetle
(
Phaedon
cochleariae
)
was
used.
This
feeds
Brassicaceae
plants
contain
glucosinolates,
which
form
toxic
compounds
when
hydrolyzed
by
myrosinases.
We
cleaned
eggs
from
gametocysts
spores
reinfected
half
larvae
with
gregarines,
to
obtain
gregarine-free
(G-)
gregarine-infected
(G+)
larvae.
Growth
food
parameters
these
were
assessed
rearing
individuals
watercress
Nasturtium
officinale
,
Brassicaceae).
A
potential
involvement
gregarines
glucosinolate
metabolism
P.
investigated
offering
G-
G+
discs
(containing
mainly
benzenic
2-phenylethyl
myrosinases)
pea
Pisum
sativum
Fabaceae,
lacking
glucosinolates
treated
aliphatic
4-pentenyl
indole
1-methoxy-3-indolylmethyl
glucosinolate.
Larval
fecal
samples
analyzed
via
UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS
search
for
breakdown
metabolites.
development,
body
mass,
growth
rate
efficiency
convert
into
mass
negatively
affected
infection
while
pupal
remained
unaffected.
The
metabolites
conjugated
aspartic
acid,
glutamic
acid.
Gregarine
did
not
alter
larvae’s
ability
metabolize
independent
plant
In
summary,
some
negative
performance
could
shown,
indicating
parasitism.
Future
further
disentangle
this
gregarine-host
relationship
investigate
microbiome
potentially
metabolism.
Frontiers in Physiology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: Jan. 9, 2023
Threatening
the
global
community
is
a
wide
variety
of
potential
threats,
most
notably
invasive
pest
species.
Invasive
species
are
non-native
organisms
that
humans
have
either
accidentally
or
intentionally
spread
to
new
regions.
One
effective
and
first
lines
control
strategies
for
controlling
pests
application
insecticides.
These
toxic
chemicals
employed
get
rid
pests,
but
they
pose
great
risks
people,
animals,
plants.
Pesticides
heavily
used
in
managing
current
era.
Due
overuse
synthetic
chemicals,
numerous
already
developed
resistance.
The
resistance
development
main
reason
failure
manage
Developing
pesticide
management
techniques
necessitates
thorough
understanding
mechanisms
through
which
insects
acquire
insecticide
Insects
use
behavioral,
biochemical,
physiological,
genetic,
metabolic
methods
deal
with
can
lead
continuous
overexpression
detoxifying
enzymes.
An
overabundance
enzymes
causes
resistance,
pesticides
rendering
them
ineffective
against
pests.
A
key
factor
amplification
certain
enzymes,
specifically
esterases,
Glutathione
S-transferase,
Cytochromes
p450
monooxygenase,
hydrolyses.
Additionally,
insect
guts
offer
unique
habitats
microbial
colonization,
gut
bacteria
may
serve
their
hosts
useful
services.
Most
importantly,
detoxification
insecticides
leads
development.
complete
knowledge
could
be
very
helpful
coping
challenges
effectively
developing
Integrated
Pest
Management
particularly
at
lowering
risk
chemical
environmental
contaminants
resulting
health
issues,
it
also
ways
Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 5, 2025
Abstract
With
growing
concerns
over
agricultural
waste
management
and
sustainable
protein
sources,
insect
farming
has
emerged
as
a
promising
valorization
strategy.
However,
the
effects
of
waste‐based
diets
on
growth,
gut
microbiota,
flavor
quality
edible
insects
remain
unclear.
This
study
investigates
how
different
feeds
influence
biological
characteristics
Zophobas
morio
Fabricius
(Coleoptera:
Tenebrionidae),
providing
insights
into
its
potential
applications
in
recycling
production.
Over
32‐day
feeding
period,
Z.
were
fed
wheat
bran
(WB),
mushroom
sticks
(EMS),
or
apple
pomace
(AP).
Growth
performance,
volatile
organic
compounds
(VOCs)
analyzed
using
16S
rRNA
sequencing
gas
chromatography‐ion
mobility
spectrometry
(GC‐IMS).
WB‐fed
exhibited
highest
weight
gain,
with
increased
Lactobacillus
Lactococcus
,
while
EMS
Spiroplasma
without
improving
growth.
AP
maintained
survival
but
reduced
gain
enriching
Chryseobacterium
Kosakonia
.
Gut
microbiota
influenced
VOC
profile,
promoting
formation
esters
ketones,
enhancing
sweet
fruity
volatiles,
potentially
reducing
production
alcohols
sulfur‐containing
compounds.
These
findings
provide
basis
for
optimizing
solution
an
source.
Insect Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 18, 2024
Abstract
Symbiotic
microorganisms
are
essential
for
the
physiological
processes
of
herbivorous
pests,
including
pear
lace
bug
Stephanitis
nashi
,
which
is
known
causing
extensive
damage
to
garden
plants
and
fruit
trees
due
its
exceptional
adaptability
diverse
host
plants.
However,
specific
functional
effects
microbiome
on
adaptation
S.
remains
unclear.
Here,
we
identified
significant
microbial
changes
in
2
different
plants,
crabapple
cherry
blossom,
characterized
by
differences
fungal
diversity
as
well
bacterial
community
structures,
with
abundant
correlations
between
bacteria
or
fungi.
Consistent
changes,
that
fed
blossom
demonstrated
decreased
metabolites
downregulated
key
metabolic
pathways,
such
arginine
mitogen‐activated
protein
kinase
signaling
pathway,
were
crucial
plant
adaptation.
Furthermore,
correlation
analysis
unveiled
numerous
differential
metabolites,
influenced
interactions
These
bacteria,
fungi,
associated
may
modify
pathways
aiding
results
provide
valuable
insights
into
alteration
function
adapted
contributing
a
better
understanding
pest
invasion
dispersal
from
perspective.
Current Opinion in Insect Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
63, P. 101192 - 101192
Published: March 13, 2024
Insect
gut
bacteria
have
been
implicated
in
a
myriad
of
physiological
processes
from
nutrient
supplementation
to
pathogen
protection.
In
fact,
symbiont-mediated
insecticide
degradation
has
helped
explain
sudden
control
failure
the
field
range
active
ingredients.
The
mechanisms
behind
loss
susceptibility
are
varied
based
on
host,
symbiont,
and
identity.
However,
while
some
symbionts
directly
breakdown
pesticides,
others
modulate
endogenous
host
detoxification
pathways
or
involve
reciprocal
insecticidal
bactericidal
compounds
both
inspiring
new
questions
requiring
reexamination
past
conclusions.
Good
steward
chemical
pesticide
arsenal
requires
consideration
these
ecological
interactions
development
deployment.
Web Ecology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
25(1), P. 39 - 45
Published: March 11, 2025
Abstract.
The
impact
of
climate
change
and
habitat
destruction
on
insect
diversity
survival
is
a
critical
area
study.
These
disruptions
could
severely
affect
the
symbiotic
relationships
between
insects
their
microorganisms.
Understanding
how
these
interactions
respond
to
such
changes
essential
for
mitigating
decline
populations,
which
are
already
alarmingly
decreasing
worldwide.
Mutualistic
microorganisms
present
vast
opportunities
in
ecology,
agriculture,
biotechnology.
associations
crucial
nutrition,
defense,
adaptation
hold
great
potential
developing
antimicrobial
compounds
with
promising
applications
pharmaceutical
industry.
In
insect-associated
play
key
role
biological
pest
control,
offering
sustainable
alternatives
chemical
pesticides.
This
would
not
only
protect
beneficial
but
also
enhance
agricultural
efficiency.
conservation
mutualism
must
be
integrated
into
biodiversity
preservation
efforts,
as
protecting
will
addressing
future
ecological
challenges.
following
sections
describe
main
mutualistic
associated
microorganisms,
prospective
approach
directions
that
research
should
consider.
