Nipah Virus Disease: Epidemiological, Clinical, Diagnostic and Legislative Aspects of This Unpredictable Emerging Zoonosis

Animals, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 159 - 159

Published: Dec. 31, 2022

Nipah virus (NiV) infection is a viral disease caused by Henipavirus, belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family, responsible for zoonosis. The course of can be very serious and lead death. NiV natural hosts are fruit bats (also known as megabats) Pteropodidae especially those Pteropus genus. Natural in domestic animals has been described farming pigs, horses, feral dogs cats. transmission possible intra-species (pig-to-pig, human-to-human) inter-species (flying bat-to-human, pig-to-human, horse-to-human). spread humans or different ways. It peculiar how modes among also change depending on geographical area reasons, including breeding methods, eating habits recently identified genetic traits/molecular features main proteins related virulence. Outbreaks have Malaysia, Singapore, Bangladesh, India Philippines with, some cases, severe respiratory neurological high mortality both pigs. Diagnosis made using methods serological, molecular, virological immunohistochemical methods. cornerstones control biosecurity (via correct management reservoir intermediate/amplifying hosts) potential vaccines which still under development. However, evaluation influence climate anthropogenic changes their habitat well inter-specific infections great importance. Bats, reservoirs virus, and, therefore, outbreaks animals. Due worldwide distribution bats, new reports spillovers not dismissed future.

Language: Английский

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Rapid detection of Nipah virus using the one-pot RPA-CRISPR/Cas13a assay

Virus Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 332, P. 199130 - 199130

Published: May 15, 2023

Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic pathogen with airborne transmission and high case fatality rates in humans. There currently no treatment or vaccine against NiV infection approved for humans animals, therefore early diagnosis the key to control any potential outbreaks. In this study, we developed an optimized one-pot assay using recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) coupled CRISPR/Cas13a molecular detection of NiV. The RPA-CRISPR/Cas13a was specific did not cross-react other selected (re)-emerging pathogens. sensitivity can detect as little 103 cp/μL total synthetic cDNA. then validated simulated clinical samples. results could be visualized either fluorescence lateral flow strips convenient field diagnostics, providing useful supplement gold-standard qRT-PCR detecting detections.

Language: Английский

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Measures to prevent and treat Nipah virus disease: research priorities for 2024–29

The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(11), P. e707 - e717

Published: July 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Rapid diagnostic test: a critical need for outbreak preparedness and response for high priority pathogens

BMJ Global Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(4), P. e014386 - e014386

Published: April 1, 2024

Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are critical for preparedness and response against an outbreak or pandemic have been highlighted in the 100 Days Mission, a global initiative that aims to prepare world next epidemic/pandemic by driving development of diagnostics, vaccines therapeutics within days recognition novel Disease X threat. RDTs play pivotal role early case identification, surveillance management, initiating deployment vaccine monoclonal antibodies. Currently available RDTs, however, limited clinical sensitivity specificity inadequate validation. The development, validation implementation require adequate sustained financing from both public private sources. While World Health Assembly recently passed resolution on capacity strengthening urges individual Member States commit resources towards this, is not binding will likely be impeded financial other competing priorities, particularly low-income countries. Meanwhile, industry has sufficiently invested RDT high priority pathogens. Currently, projects getting largest funding support among medical countermeasures. Yet insufficient tools isolation, incomplete without parallel investment diagnostics therapeutics. Pandemic Fund, mechanism established prevention, response, may future avenue supporting development. In this paper, we discuss why response. We also challenges reflect way forward.

Language: Английский

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Henipaviruses: an expanding global public health concern?

GeroScience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 44(5), P. 2447 - 2459

Published: Oct. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Immune correlates of protection for SARS-CoV-2, Ebola and Nipah virus infection

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: April 17, 2023

Correlates of protection (CoP) are biological parameters that predict a certain level against an infectious disease. Well-established correlates facilitate the development and licensing vaccines by assessing protective efficacy without need to expose clinical trial participants agent which vaccine aims protect. Despite fact viruses have many features in common, can vary considerably amongst same virus family even depending on infection phase is under consideration. Moreover, complex interplay between various immune cell populations interact during high degree genetic variation pathogens, renders identification difficult. Some emerging re-emerging consequence for public health such as SARS-CoV-2, Nipah (NiV) Ebola (EBOV) especially challenging with regards CoP since these pathogens been shown dysregulate response infection. Whereas, neutralising antibodies polyfunctional T-cell responses correlate levels EBOV NiV, other effector mechanisms immunity play important roles shaping turn might serve alternative protection. This review describes different components adaptive innate system activated NiV infections may contribute clearance. Overall, we highlight signatures associated humans could be used CoP.

Language: Английский

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Study of Fractional Order Dynamical System of Viral Infection Disease under Piecewise Derivative

Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 136(1), P. 921 - 941

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

This research aims to understand the fractional order dynamics of deadly Nipah virus (NiV) disease. We focus on using piecewise derivatives in context classical and singular kernels power operators Caputo sense investigate crossover behavior considered dynamical system. establish some qualitative results about existence uniqueness solution proposed problem. By utilizing Newtonian polynomials interpolation technique, we recall a powerful algorithm interpret numerical findings for aforesaid model. Here, remark that said viral infection is caused by an RNA type which can transmit from animals also infected person person. Fruits bats are known as flying foxes one sources transmission NiV Here this work, its mechanism through new concepts calculus further analysis prediction. present approximate different compartments orders. derivative concept, detect or multi-steps mentioned Therefore, form used deal with problems exhibiting behaviors.

Language: Английский

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Advancing the frontiers: Revolutionary control and prevention paradigms against Nipah virus

Open Veterinary Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 1056 - 1056

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Nipah Virus (NiV) is a highly virulent pathogen that poses significant threat to human and animal populations. This review provides comprehensive overview of the latest control prevention strategies against NiV, focusing on vaccine development, antiviral drug discovery, early diagnosis, surveillance, high-level biosecurity measures. Advancements in research, including live-attenuated vaccines, virus-like particles, mRNA-based hold promise for preventing NiV infections. In addition, drugs, such as remdesivir, ribavirin, favipiravir, have potential inhibit replication. Early diagnosis through molecular serological assays, immunohistochemistry, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction plays crucial role timely detection. Surveillance efforts encompassing cluster-based case-based systems enhance outbreak identification provide valuable insights into transmission dynamics. Furthermore, implementation measures agriculture, livestock practices, healthcare settings essential minimize risks. Collaboration among researchers, public health agencies, policymakers pivotal refining implementing these effectively prevent outbreaks safeguard global scale.

Language: Английский

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Malaysia outbreak survivors retain detectable Nipah antibodies and memory B cells after 25 years

Journal of Infection, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106398 - 106398

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Highlights•The first report of long-term humoral immunity in 25 Nipah virus survivors from 1998 Malaysia.•Anti-NiV-F and anti-NiV-G found 56% 60% survivors, respectively.•At least 72% had detectable neutralizing antibodies.•Six NiV-specific memory B cells.SummaryObjectiveTo evaluate the immune response to (NiV) a cohort after years post-infection.MethodsA total NiV infection outbreak were recruited for sample collection. The serum IgG antibody antigens, specifically nucleocapsid (N), fusion glycoprotein (F) attachment (G) was evaluated using ELISA. Additionally, samples tested antibodies cell responses.ResultsDetection rates anti-NiV-F 60%, respectively, among at 1:100 dilution, whereas only 20% reactive rNiV-N. Notably, all that positive NiV-F NiV-G this dilution also exhibited antibodies, highlighting specificity these assays. Live neutralization assay showed with varying titers, indicating long-lasting memory. Furthermore, responses specific observed six randomly selected suggesting presence enduring immunological memory.ConclusionsThese findings highlight potential as reliable markers exposure underscore need continuous surveillance research. Such efforts are crucial advancing vaccine development improving preparedness future outbreaks.

Language: Английский

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Immunoinformatics-driven design of a multi-epitope vaccine against nipah virus: A promising approach for global health protection

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(2), P. 100482 - 100482

Published: March 29, 2025

Language: Английский

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