Holistic One Health Surveillance Framework: Synergizing Environmental, Animal, and Human Determinants for Enhanced Infectious Disease Management

ACS Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(3), P. 808 - 826

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Recent pandemics, including the COVID-19 outbreak, have brought up growing concerns about transmission of zoonotic diseases from animals to humans. This highlights requirement for a novel approach discern and address escalating health threats. The One Health paradigm has been developed as responsive strategy confront forthcoming outbreaks through early warning, highlighting interconnectedness humans, animals, their environment. system employs several innovative methods such use advanced technology, global collaboration, data-driven decision-making come with an extraordinary solution improving worldwide disease responses. Review deliberates environmental, animal, human factors that influence risk, analyzes challenges advantages inherent in using surveillance system, demonstrates how these can be empowered by Big Data Artificial Intelligence. Holistic Surveillance Framework presented herein holds potential revolutionize our capacity monitor, understand, mitigate impact infectious on populations.

Language: Английский

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Nipah Virus: An Overview of the Current Status of Diagnostics and Their Role in Preparedness in Endemic Countries

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(10), P. 2062 - 2062

Published: Oct. 7, 2023

Nipah virus (NiV) is a paramyxovirus responsible for high mortality rate zoonosis. As result, it has been included in the list of Blueprint priority pathogens. Bats are main reservoirs virus, and different clinical courses have described humans. The Bangladesh strain (NiV-B) often associated with severe respiratory disease, whereas Malaysian (NiV-M) encephalitis. An early diagnosis NiV infection crucial to limit outbreak provide appropriate care patient. Due specificity sensitivity, qRT-PCR currently considered be optimum method acute assessment. Nasal swabs, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, blood used RT-PCR testing. N gene represents target molecular assays. Different sensitivities observed depending on platform used: real-time PCR showed sensitivity about 103 equivalent copies/reaction, SYBRGREEN technology’s was 20 multiple pathogen card arrays, lowest detection (LOD) estimated 54 copies/reaction. international standard yet established, making difficult compare methods. Serological assays most part seroprevalence studies owing their lower infection. epidemic pandemic potential this should more global One Health approach improve surveillance preparedness benefit public health. Some steps need conducted diagnostic field order become efficient management, such as development point-of-care (PoC) rapid NiV.

Language: Английский

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Henipavirus zoonosis: outbreaks, animal hosts and potential new emergence

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: July 17, 2023

Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah (NiV) are biosafety level 4 zoonotic pathogens causing severe often fatal neurological respiratory disease. These agents have been recognized by the World Health Organization as top priority expected to result in future outbreaks. HeV has caused sporadic infections horses a small number of human cases Australia since 1994. The NiV Malaysia genotype (NiV-M) was responsible for 1998–1999 epizootic outbreak pigs with spillover humans Singapore. Since 2001, Bangladesh (NiV-B) predominant strain leading outbreaks almost every year India, hundreds humans. natural reservoir hosts fruit bats, which carry viruses without clinical manifestation. transmission pathways henipaviruses from bats remain poorly understood. Transmissions bridged an intermediate animal host, amplifies spreads Horses known NiV-M epidemic Singapore, respectively. During NiV-B Bangladesh, following initial thought be through consumption date palm sap, spread infection largely human-to-human transmission. Spillover recent India is less understood, primary route bat case(s) unknown no host established. This review aims provide concise update on epidemiology covering their previous current emphasis potential role livestock disease Also included up-to-date summary newly emerging henipa-like hosts. In these contexts we discuss knowledge gaps new challenges field propose directions.

Language: Английский

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Measures to prevent and treat Nipah virus disease: research priorities for 2024–29

The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(11), P. e707 - e717

Published: July 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Viruses and the Brain—A Relationship Prone to Trouble

Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 203 - 203

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

Neurological disorders, some of which are associated with viral infections, growing due to the aging and expanding population. Despite strong defenses central nervous system, viruses have evolved ways breach them, often result in dire consequences. In this review, we recount various by different can enter CNS, describe consequences such invasions. Consequences may manifest as acute disease, encephalitis, meningitis, or long-term effects, neuromuscular dysfunction, occurs poliomyelitis. We discuss evidence for involvement causation well-known chronic neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's Parkinson's amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple well vascular dementia elderly. also approaches currently available control a few neural infections. These include antivirals that effective against human immunodeficiency virus herpes simplex virus, vaccines valuable controlling rabies poliomyelitis flavivirus There is an urgent need better understand, at molecular level, how contribute and, especially, neurological diseases develop more precise therapies.

Language: Английский

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Advancing the frontiers: Revolutionary control and prevention paradigms against Nipah virus

Open Veterinary Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 1056 - 1056

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Nipah Virus (NiV) is a highly virulent pathogen that poses significant threat to human and animal populations. This review provides comprehensive overview of the latest control prevention strategies against NiV, focusing on vaccine development, antiviral drug discovery, early diagnosis, surveillance, high-level biosecurity measures. Advancements in research, including live-attenuated vaccines, virus-like particles, mRNA-based hold promise for preventing NiV infections. In addition, drugs, such as remdesivir, ribavirin, favipiravir, have potential inhibit replication. Early diagnosis through molecular serological assays, immunohistochemistry, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction plays crucial role timely detection. Surveillance efforts encompassing cluster-based case-based systems enhance outbreak identification provide valuable insights into transmission dynamics. Furthermore, implementation measures agriculture, livestock practices, healthcare settings essential minimize risks. Collaboration among researchers, public health agencies, policymakers pivotal refining implementing these effectively prevent outbreaks safeguard global scale.

Language: Английский

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Robust evidence for bats as reservoir hosts is lacking in most African virus studies: a review and call to optimize sampling and conserve bats

Biology Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(11)

Published: Nov. 1, 2023

Africa experiences frequent emerging disease outbreaks among humans, with bats often proposed as zoonotic pathogen hosts. We comprehensively reviewed virus–bat findings from papers published between 1978 and 2020 to evaluate the evidence that African are reservoir and/or bridging hosts for viruses cause human disease. present data 162 (of 1322) original on (1) numbers species of sampled across bat families continent, (2) how were selected study inclusion, (3) if terminally sampled, (4) what types ecological data, any, recorded (5) which detected methodology. propose a scheme evaluating presumed virus–host relationships by type quality, using contrasting available Orthoebolavirus versus Orthomarburgvirus an example. review wording in abstracts discussions all papers, identifying key framing terms, these refer findings, they might contribute people's beliefs about bats. discuss impact scientific research communication public perception emphasize need strategies minimize human–bat conflict support conservation. Finally, we make recommendations best practices will improve virological metadata.

Language: Английский

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Updated Insights into the Phylogenetics, Phylodynamics, and Genetic Diversity of Nipah Virus (NiV)

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 171 - 171

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

Nipah virus (NiV), a biosafety level 4 agent, was first identified in human clinical cases during an outbreak 1998 Malaysia and Singapore. While flying foxes are the primary host viral vector, infection is associated with severe presentation humans, resulting high mortality rate. Therefore, NiV considered elevated epidemic potential which further underscored by its recent emergence (September 2023) as India. Given situation, it paramount to understand molecular dynamics of shed more light on evolution prevent future outbreaks. In this study, we conducted Bayesian phylogenetic analysis all available complete genomes, including partial N-gene sequences (≥1000 bp) public databases since case, registered 1998. We observed distribution genomes into three main clades corresponding genotypes Malaysia, Bangladesh India, Malaysian clade being oldest evolutionary terms. The skyline plot showed increase population size 2019. Protein presence specific protein families (Hendra_C) bats that might keep asymptomatic state bats, also serve vectors. Our results indicate shortage would be instrumental gaining better understanding NiV’s preventing investigation underscores critical need strengthen genomic surveillance based will aid thorough genetic characterization circulating strains relationships between henipaviruses. This approach prepare us tackle challenges posed other emerging viruses.

Language: Английский

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Current status of diagnostic assays for emerging zoonotic viruses: Nipah and Hendra

Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(6), P. 473 - 485

Published: June 2, 2024

Nipah and Hendra viruses belong to the Paramyxoviridae family, which pose a significant threat human health, with sporadic outbreaks causing severe morbidity mortality. Early symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, headache, offer little in terms of differential diagnosis. There are no specific therapeutics vaccines for these viruses.

Language: Английский

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Food security: The ultimate one-health challenge

One Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19, P. 100864 - 100864

Published: July 28, 2024

Food insecurity is a serious and immediate concern for the world due to challenges including overpopulation; conflicts; animal, plant, human diseases; climate change; depletion of resources; environmental degradation. Long-term solutions food production must consider impacts on environment, water other resources, animal health, sustainable crop production. The fundamental cause rapid unprecedented increase in population from approximately 2 billion people 1925 over 8 2023. need has led major expansion both movement into new areas; increased requires more some which are being depleted. This paper focuses Humans depend three species most animal-origin food: Chickens (meat eggs), cattle milk), swine (meat). Each currently threatened by diseases that can rapidly spread internationally, have zoonotic potential. Diversification animal-based food, such as expanding aquaculture help protect against shortages should an epizootic occur one or above species. Cutting-edge science needed improve pathogen control. interdisciplinary one-world, one-health approach international organizations funded developed world. An optimal response will involve scientists policy experts government, private sector, universities worldwide. Strengthening all nations' public health infrastructure veterinary services essential this aim. Fortunately, concerns about worldwide security concurrent with advances nearly aspects science, be applied sustainably locally globally. There collective apply implement policies solve current problems prepare future challenges.

Language: Английский

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