Long-term dietary patterns are associated with pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory features of the gut microbiome

Gut, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 70(7), P. 1287 - 1298

Published: April 2, 2021

The microbiome directly affects the balance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses in gut. As microbes thrive on dietary substrates, question arises whether we can nourish an gut ecosystem. We aim to unravel interactions between diet, microbiota their functional ability induce intestinal inflammation.We investigated relation 173 factors 1425 individuals spanning four cohorts: Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome general population. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed profile microbial composition function. Dietary intake assessed through food frequency questionnaires. unsupervised clustering identify patterns clusters. Associations diet features were explored per cohort, followed by a meta-analysis heterogeneity estimation.We identified 38 associations Moreover, 61 individual foods nutrients associated with species 249 metabolic pathways across healthy patients IBS, disease UC (false discovery rate<0.05). Processed animal-derived consistently higher abundances Firmicutes, Ruminococcus Blautia genus endotoxin synthesis pathways. opposite found for plant fish, which positively short-chain fatty acid-producing commensals nutrient metabolism.We that correlate groups bacteria shared roles both, health disease. specific known infer mucosal protection effects. propose mechanisms inflammatory as rationale future intervention studies.

Language: Английский

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Interaction of dietary polyphenols and gut microbiota: Microbial metabolism of polyphenols, influence on the gut microbiota, and implications on host health

Food Frontiers, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 1(2), P. 109 - 133

Published: June 1, 2020

Abstract The human gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by a vast number of microorganisms that are called as the microbiota. Each individual harbors unique gut microbial composition, this composition evolves throughout host's lifetime and it easily affected internal or external changes. It has been shown microbiota plays crucial role in health complex community ability to interact with each other immune system, presence absence some major species can affect homeostasis. Diet be considered one pivotal factors modulating functionality, integrity, first organ exposed components diet. In review, we have focused on effects polyphenols, key compounds healthy diet several biological activities, their biotransformation microbiota, effect reciprocal interactions disease.

Language: Английский

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Magnesium in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 320 - 320

Published: Jan. 22, 2021

Magnesium (Mg2+) deficiency is probably the most underestimated electrolyte imbalance in Western countries. It frequent obese patients, subjects with type-2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, both adulthood childhood. This narrative review aims to offer insights into pathophysiological mechanisms linking Mg2+ obesity risk of developing syndrome type 2 diabetes. Literature highlights critical issues about treatment deficiency, such as lack a clear definition nutritional status, use different salts dosage duration supplementation. Despite agreement, an appropriate dietary pattern, including right intake Mg2+, improves by reducing blood pressure, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia. occurs through modulation gene expression proteomic profile well positive influence on composition intestinal microbiota metabolism vitamins B1 D.

Language: Английский

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The role of gut and genital microbiota and the estrobolome in endometriosis, infertility and chronic pelvic pain

Human Reproduction Update, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 28(1), P. 92 - 131

Published: Sept. 30, 2021

Endometriosis is a chronic, burdensome condition that historically understudied. Consequently, there lack of understanding the etiology disease and its associated symptoms, including infertility chronic pelvic pain (CPP). development influenced by estrogen metabolism inflammation, which are modulated several factors microbiome estrobolome (the collection genes encoding estrogen-metabolizing enzymes in gut microbiome). Therefore, increasing interest role microbiota endometriosis etiology.To date, no cure for treatment options often ineffective. This manuscript will review potential relationship between endometriosis, CPP highlight available data on relation to related symptoms. The overarching goal this inform future research lead deeper possible diagnostic modalities treatments. impact regulation estrobolome, as well inflammation other endometriosis-promoting mechanisms within genital tract, be reviewed. methodological limitations microbiome-related studies critically assessed provide improved guidelines clinical studies.PubMed databases were searched using following keywords: AND microbiome, IVF (in-vitro fertilization) infertility. Clinical preclinical animal trials eligible review, or included. All manuscripts published 2002-2021.In total, 28 6 included review. In both human studies, bacteria enriched groups, although was clear consensus specific compositions with endometriosis. However, bacterial vaginosis-associated Lactobacillus depletion cervicovaginal majority (23/28) studies. Interpretation endometrial limited owing variety factors, discussed addition, metadata outlining antibiotic usage, age, race/ethnicity, menopausal status timing sample diagnosis not consistently reported. Animal (6/6) support bidirectional onset progression.There evidence dysbiotic multiple gynecologic conditions, mounting supporting an association These microbiomes likely play gut-brain axis, further supports putative spectrum symptoms CPP. Collectively, highlights demand more rigorous transparent methodology controls, consistency across field, inclusion key demographic characteristics comparison participants. Rigorous study designs allow better disorders female reproductive tract.

Language: Английский

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The Prebiotic Potential of Inulin-Type Fructans: A Systematic Review

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 492 - 529

Published: Sept. 16, 2021

Inulin-type fructans (ITF), including short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS), oligofructose, and inulin, are commonly used fibers that widely regarded as prebiotic for their ability to be selectively utilized by the intestinal microbiota confer a health benefit. However, our knowledge literature thus far lacks thorough discussion of evidence from human clinical trials effect ITF, beneficial effects on composition extraintestinal processes (e.g., glucose homeostasis, lipids, mineral absorption bone health, appetite satiety, inflammation immune function, body composition). Additionally, there has been lack regarding aspects such ITF chain length its effects. The overall objective this systematic review was summarize potential based results in healthy adult populations. Evidence studies included current suggest have microbiota, promoting abundances Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Beneficial reported following intake include improved barrier laxation, increased insulin sensitivity, decreased triglycerides an lipid profile, calcium magnesium, satiety. Although is some differing length, direct comparisons detailed descriptions physicochemical properties limits draw conclusions studies. Future research should focus elucidating mechanisms which mediates or modifies contribution individual factors age metabolic movement toward personalization applications.

Language: Английский

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Anti-Inflammatory Nutrients and Obesity-Associated Metabolic-Inflammation: State of the Art and Future Direction

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 1137 - 1137

Published: March 8, 2022

Growing evidence supports the hypothesis that dietary factors may play a role in systemic low-grade chronic inflammation. Summary from randomized controlled trials has shown substantial effects on biomarkers of inflammation following adoption plant-based diets (including, but not limited to, Mediterranean diet), while consistent findings have been reported for higher intakes whole grains, fruits, and vegetables positive trends observed consumption legumes, pulses, nuts, olive oil. Among animal food groups, dairy products to best benefits inflammation, red meat egg neutral effects. The present review provides an overview mechanisms underlying relation between immune system, with focus specific macronutrient non-nutrient phytochemicals (polyphenols) Substantial differences within each group explain conflicting results obtained regarding foods high saturated fats carbohydrates, subtypes molecules (i.e., short-chain fatty acids or fiber vs. long chain free added sugars) when exploring diet as well importance matrix commixture context patterns. Dietary polyphenols oligopeptides hypothesized exert several functions, including regulation inflammatory response system. Overall, suggests affect system regardless obesity-related

Language: Английский

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Participation of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Their Receptors in Gut Inflammation and Colon Cancer

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: April 8, 2021

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main metabolites produced by bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber, and they play a critical role in maintenance intestinal health. SCFAs also essential for modulating different processes, have anti-inflammatory properties immunomodulatory effects. As inflammatory process predisposes development cancer promotes all stages tumorigenesis, an antitumor effect has been associated with SCFAs. This is strongly supported epidemiological studies showing that diet rich fiber linked to reduced risk colon significant clinical benefits patients bowel disease (IBD). may signal through metabolite-sensing G protein-coupled receptors free acid receptor 3 [FFAR3 or 41 (GPR41)], FFAR2 (GPR43), GPR109A (also known as hydroxycarboxylic 2 HCAR2) expressed gut epithelium immune cells. review summarizes existing knowledge regarding SCFA-mediated suppression inflammation carcinogenesis IBD cancer.

Language: Английский

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Rothia mucilaginosa is an anti-inflammatory bacterium in the respiratory tract of patients with chronic lung disease

European Respiratory Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 59(5), P. 2101293 - 2101293

Published: Sept. 29, 2021

Background Chronic airway inflammation is the main driver of pathogenesis in respiratory diseases such as severe asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis (CF) and bronchiectasis. While role common pathogens widely recognised, influence other microbiota members still poorly understood. Methods We hypothesised that lung contains bacteria with immunomodulatory activity which modulate net levels immune activation by key pathogens. Therefore, we assessed effect several frequently reported present CF lower tract samples. Results show Rothia mucilaginosa , a resident oral cavity also often detectable airways has an inhibitory on pathogen- or lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory responses, vitro (three-dimensional cell culture model) vivo (mouse model). Furthermore, cohort adults bronchiectasis, abundance species was negatively correlated markers (interleukin (IL)-8 IL-1β) matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-8 MMP-9 sputum. Mechanistic studies revealed R. inhibits NF-κB pathway reducing phosphorylation IκBα consequently expression target genes. Conclusions These findings indicate presence potentially mitigates inflammation, could turn severity progression disorders.

Language: Английский

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Communication of gut microbiota and brain via immune and neuroendocrine signaling

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 25, 2023

The gastrointestinal tract of the human is inhabited by about 5 × 10 13 bacteria (of 1,000 species) as well archaea, fungi, and viruses. Gut microbiota known to influence host organism, but may also affect functioning microbiota. This bidirectional cooperation occurs in three main inter-organ signaling: immune, neural, endocrine. Immune communication relies mostly on cytokines released immune cells into circulation. Also, pathogen-associated or damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs DAMPs) enter circulation internal organs gut Neural direct anatomical connections made vagus nerve, indirect via enteric nervous system. third pathway, endocrine communication, broadest one includes hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. review focuses presenting latest data role with particular emphasis neurotransmitters (catecholamines, serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid), intestinal peptides (cholecystokinin, peptide YY, glucagon-like 1), bacterial metabolites (short-chain fatty acids).

Language: Английский

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Killing tumor-associated bacteria with a liposomal antibiotic generates neoantigens that induce anti-tumor immune responses

Nature Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 42(8), P. 1263 - 1274

Published: Sept. 25, 2023

Language: Английский

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