Short-chain fatty acids in diseases

Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Aug. 18, 2023

Abstract Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main metabolites produced by bacterial fermentation of dietary fibre in gastrointestinal tract. The absorption SCFAs is mediated substrate transporters, such as monocarboxylate transporter 1 and sodium-coupled 1, which promote cellular metabolism. An increasing number studies have implicated microorganisms crucial executors diet-based microbial influence on host. important fuels for intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) represent a major carbon flux from diet, that decomposed gut microbiota. play vital role multiple molecular biological processes, promoting secretion glucagon-like peptide-1 IECs to inhibit elevation blood glucose, expression G protein-coupled receptors GPR41 GPR43, inhibiting histone deacetylases, participate regulation proliferation, differentiation, function IECs. affect motility, barrier function, host Furthermore, regulatory roles local, intermediate, peripheral metabolisms. Acetate, propionate, butyrate SCFAs, they involved immunity, apoptosis, inflammation, lipid Herein, we review diverse functional this class reflect their ability intestine, metabolic, other diseases.

Language: Английский

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Gut firmicutes: Relationship with dietary fiber and role in host homeostasis

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 63(33), P. 12073 - 12088

Published: July 12, 2022

Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are the predominant bacterial phyla colonizing healthy human gut. Accumulating evidence suggests that dietary fiber plays a crucial role in host health, yet most studies have focused on how affects health through gut Bacteroides. More recently, been found to possess many genes responsible for fermenting fiber, could also interact with intestinal mucosa thereby contribute homeostasis. Consequently, relationship between is of interest, as well health. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding molecular mechanism degradation by explain communication pathway fiber-Firmicutes-host axis, beneficial effects fiber-induced their metabolites A better understanding dialogue sustained fiber-Firmicutes axis provide new insights into probiotic therapy novel interventions aimed at increasing abundance (such Faecalibacterium, Lactobacillus, Roseburia) promote health.Dietary exhibit relevant health-promoting functions.Most great effect Firmicutes.Mechanisms uptake outlined.Mechanisms fiber- Firmicutes-host interactions require more investigation development food production

Language: Английский

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Ten things to know about ten cardiovascular disease risk factors

American Journal of Preventive Cardiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 5, P. 100149 - 100149

Published: Jan. 23, 2021

Given rapid advancements in medical science, it is often challenging for the busy clinician to remain up-to-date on fundamental and multifaceted aspects of preventive cardiology maintain awareness latest guidelines applicable cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. The "American Society Preventive Cardiology (ASPC) Top Ten CVD Risk Factors 2021 Update" a summary document (updated yearly) regarding This "ASPC reflects perspective section authors ten things know about sentinel It also includes quick access references (applicable select reviews) each factor section. factors include unhealthful nutrition, physical inactivity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, high blood pressure, obesity, considerations populations (older age, race/ethnicity, sex differences), thrombosis/smoking, kidney dysfunction genetics/familial hypercholesterolemia. For individual patient, other may be relevant, beyond discussed here. However, intent provide succinct overview common cardiology.

Language: Английский

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Regulatory role of short-chain fatty acids in inflammatory bowel disease

Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: May 11, 2022

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises a group of chronic inflammatory disorders the gastrointestinal tract. Accumulating evidence shows that development IBD is always accompanied by dysbiosis gut microbiota (GM), causing decrease in prebiotic levels and an increase harmful metabolite levels. This leads to persistent immune response inflammation intestine, greatly impairing physiological function Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced probiotic bacteria from fiber-rich diet cannot be digested directly. SCFAs with significant anti-inflammatory functions regulate prevent excessive response, thereby delaying clinical progression IBD. In this review, we summarize generation their potential therapeutic effects on Furthermore, suggest may modulate innate recognition cytokine production intervene Additional randomized controlled trials prospective cohort studies should also investigate impact SCFA. Video Abstract.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Gut-Derived Lipopolysaccharides and the Intestinal Barrier in Fatty Liver Diseases

Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 671 - 683

Published: Nov. 3, 2021

Hepatosteatosis is the earliest stage in pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD). As NAFLD affecting 10–24% general population approximately 70% obese patients, it carries a large economic burden becoming major reason for transplantation worldwide. ALD cause morbidity mortality causing 50% cirrhosis 10% cancer related death. Increasing evidence has accumulated that gut-derived factors play crucial role development progression chronic diseases. A selective literature search was conducted Medline PubMed, using terms "nonalcoholic disease," "alcoholic "lipopolysaccharide," "gut barrier," "microbiome." Gut dysbiosis gut barrier dysfunction both contribute to by abnormal regulation gut-liver axis. Thereby, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are key factor inducing inflammatory response tissue. The review further underlines endotoxemia observed patients. LPS plays an important conducting damage through LPS-TLR4 signaling pathway. Treatments targeting microbiome such as fecal microbiota (FMT), probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) represent potential treatment modalities ALD. axis disease. have shown beneficial effects attenuating inflammation need be investigated.

Language: Английский

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The Effect of Dietary Polyphenols on Vascular Health and Hypertension: Current Evidence and Mechanisms of Action

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 545 - 545

Published: Jan. 27, 2022

The aim of this review was to explore existing evidence from studies conducted on humans and summarize the mechanisms action dietary polyphenols vascular health, blood pressure hypertension. There is that some polyphenol-rich foods, including berry fruits rich in anthocyanins, cocoa green tea flavan-3-ols, almonds pistachios hydroxycinnamic acids, soy products isoflavones, are able improve levels. A variety can elucidate observed effects. Some limitations evidence, variability polyphenol content plant-derived foods human absorption, difficulty disentangling effects other compounds, discrepancy doses between animal should be taken into account. While no single food counteracts hypertension, adopting a plant-based pattern an advisable practice pressure.

Language: Английский

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The gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide and cardiovascular diseases

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 7, 2023

Morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are exceedingly high worldwide. Researchers have found that the occurrence development CVDs closely related to intestinal microecology. Imbalances in microecology caused by changes composition microbiota will eventually alter metabolites, thus transforming host physiological state from healthy mode pathological mode. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is produced metabolism dietary choline L-carnitine microbiota, many studies shown this important product inhibits cholesterol metabolism, induces platelet aggregation thrombosis, promotes atherosclerosis. TMAO directly or indirectly involved pathogenesis an risk factor affecting even prognosis CVDs. This review presents biological chemical characteristics TMAO, process gut microbiota. In particular, focuses on summarizing how increase microbial metabolite affects including atherosclerosis, heart failure, hypertension, arrhythmia, coronary artery disease, other CVD-related diseases. Understanding mechanism increases potentially facilitate identification targeted therapy for

Language: Английский

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Microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites in vascular inflammation and cardiovascular disease

Amino Acids, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 54(10), P. 1339 - 1356

Published: April 22, 2022

The essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp) is metabolized by gut commensals, yielding in compounds that affect innate immune cell functions directly, but also acting on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), thus regulating maintenance of group 3 lymphoid cells (ILCs), promoting T helper 17 (TH17) differentiation, and interleukin-22 production. In addition, microbiota-derived Trp metabolites have direct effects vascular endothelium, influencing development inflammatory phenotypes. Indoxyl sulfate was demonstrated to promote inflammation, whereas indole-3-propionic indole-3-aldehyde had protective roles. Furthermore, there increasing evidence for a contributory role indole-derivatives blood pressure regulation hypertension. Interestingly, are indications kynurenine pathway atherosclerotic lesion development. Here, we provide an overview emerging commensals modulation metabolism its influence cardiovascular disease

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota and hypertension: association, mechanisms and treatment

Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 45(1)

Published: March 30, 2023

Objectives Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for cardio-cerebral vascular diseases, which brings a heavy economic burden to society and becomes major public health problem. At present, pathogenesis hypertension unclear. Increasing evidence has proven that closely related dysbiosis gut microbiota. We briefly reviewed relevant literature on microbiota summarize relationship between hypertension, linked antihypertension effects drugs with their modulation microbiota, discussed potential mechanisms various microbes active metabolites alleviate thus providing new research ideas development drugs.Methods The was collected systematically from scientific database, including Elsevier, PubMed, Web Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Baidu Scholar, as well other sources, such classic books herbal medicine.Results can lead imbalance barrier dysfunction, increased harmful bacteria hydrogen sulfide lipopolysaccharide, decreased beneficial short-chain fatty acids, intestinal tight junction proteins permeability. Gut occurrence hypertension. main methods regulate include fecal transplantation, supplementation probiotics, antibiotics, diet exercise, antihypertensive drugs, natural medicines.Conclusions Investigating correlation may help reveal perspective great significance prevention treatment

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiome and Neuroinflammation in Hypertension

Circulation Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 130(3), P. 401 - 417

Published: Feb. 3, 2022

Hypertension is a worldwide problem with major impacts on health including morbidity and mortality, as well consumption of care resources. Nearly 50% American adults have high blood pressure, this rate rising. Even multiple antihypertensive drugs aggressive lifestyle modifications, pressure inadequately controlled in about 1 5 hypertensive individuals. This review highlights hypothesis for hypertension that suggests alternative mechanisms elevation maintenance. A better understanding these could open avenues more successful treatments. The accounts recent understandings the involvement gut physiology, microbiota, neuroinflammation hypertension. It includes bidirectional communication between microbiota epithelium gut-brain axis involved regulation autonomic nervous system activity control. Dysfunction axis, dysbiosis epithelial dysfunction, deranged input to brain, contributes via inflammatory mediators, metabolites, bacteria circulation, afferent information alterations, etc resulting unbalanced elevates pressure. turn negatively affects function its exacerbating problem. We focus possible contribution racial disparities novel idea, immunoglobulin A-coated originating access brain be hypertension, raised. Finally, minocycline, anti-inflammatory antimicrobial properties, evaluated potential drug acting axis.

Language: Английский

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