High-Fat, Western-Style Diet, Systemic Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota: A Narrative Review

Cells, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(11), P. 3164 - 3164

Published: Nov. 14, 2021

The gut microbiota is responsible for recovering energy from food, providing hosts with vitamins, and a barrier function against exogenous pathogens. In addition, it involved in maintaining the integrity of intestinal epithelial barrier, crucial functional maturation immune system. Western diet (WD)—an unhealthy high consumption fats—can be broadly characterized by overeating, frequent snacking, prolonged postprandial state. term WD commonly known intuitively understood. However, strict digital expression nutrient ratios not precisely defined. Based on US data 1908–1989, calory intake available fats increased 32% to 45%. Besides metabolic aspects (hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, sympathetic nervous system renin-angiotensin overstimulation, oxidative stress), consequences excessive fat (high-fat diet—HFD) comprise dysbiosis, dysfunction, permeability, leakage toxic bacterial metabolites into circulation. These can strongly contribute development low-grade systemic inflammation. This narrative review highlights most important recent advances linking HFD-driven dysbiosis HFD-related inflammation, presents pathomechanisms these phenomena, examines possible causative relationship between pro-inflammatory status changes.

Language: Английский

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How far is Lignin from being a biomedical material?

Bioactive Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8, P. 71 - 94

Published: June 26, 2021

Lignin is a versatile biomass that possesses many different desirable properties such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-UV, and good biocompatibility. Natural lignin can be processed through several chemical processes. The modified into functionalized modifications to develop enhance biomaterials. Thus, one of the prime candidate for various biomaterial applications drug gene delivery, biosensors, bioimaging, 3D printing, tissue engineering, dietary supplement additive. This review presents potential developing utilizing in outlook new sustainable Thereafter, we also discuss on challenges biomaterial.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota–Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids Promote Prostate Cancer Growth via IGF1 Signaling

Cancer Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 81(15), P. 4014 - 4026

Published: May 26, 2021

Excessive intake of animal fat and resultant obesity are major risk factors for prostate cancer. Because the composition gut microbiota is known to change with dietary body type, we used prostate-specific Pten knockout mice as a cancer model investigate whether there microbiota-mediated connection between Oral administration an antibiotic mixture (Abx) in cancer-bearing fed high-fat diet containing large proportion lard drastically altered including Rikenellaceae Clostridiales, inhibited cell proliferation, reduced Igf1 expression circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) levels. In tissue, MAPK PI3K activities, both downstream IGF1 receptor, were suppressed by Abx administration. directly promoted proliferation lines DU145 22Rv1 vitro. also fecal levels short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced intestinal bacteria. Supplementation SCFAs tumor increasing humans, was found be highly expressed tissue from obese patients. conclusion, production stimulated microbes influences via activating local signaling, indicating existence microbiota-IGF1-prostate axis. Disrupting this axis modulating may aid prevention treatment. SIGNIFICANCE: These results suggest that bacteria, acting through acids, regulate systemic host, which can promote cells.

Language: Английский

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Biological Effects of Indole-3-Propionic Acid, a Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolite, and Its Precursor Tryptophan in Mammals’ Health and Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(3), P. 1222 - 1222

Published: Jan. 22, 2022

Actions of symbiotic gut microbiota are in dynamic balance with the host’s organism to maintain homeostasis. Many different factors have an impact on this relationship, including bacterial metabolites. Several substrates for their synthesis been established, tryptophan, exogenous amino acid. biological processes influenced by action tryptophan and its endogenous metabolites, serotonin, melatonin. Recent research findings also provide evidence that bacteria-derived metabolites share effects precursor. Thus, review aims investigate actions indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a microbiota-derived metabolite tryptophan. We searched PUBMED Google Scholar databases identify pre-clinical clinical studies evaluating IPA health pathophysiology immune, nervous, gastrointestinal cardiovascular system mammals. exhibits similar energetic precursor, Additionally, has positive cellular level, preventing oxidative stress injury, lipoperoxidation inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines. Its can be diminished presence risk atherosclerosis. On other hand, protective factors, such as introduction Mediterranean diet, tend increase plasma concentration. seems promising new target, linking system.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota bridges dietary nutrients and host immunity

Science China Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 66(11), P. 2466 - 2514

Published: June 5, 2023

Language: Английский

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Targeting the gut microbiota and its metabolites for type 2 diabetes mellitus

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: May 9, 2023

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. The incidence of T2DM increasing globally, growing body evidence suggests that gut microbiota dysbiosis may contribute to the development this disease. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites, including bile acids, lipopolysaccharide, trimethylamine-N-oxide, tryptophan indole derivatives, short-chain fatty have been shown be involved in pathogenesis T2DM, playing key role host-microbe crosstalk. This review aims summarize molecular links between metabolites T2DM. Additionally, we potential therapy treatments for using probiotics, prebiotics, fecal transplantation other methods modulate its metabolites. Clinical trials investigating critically discussed. highlights targeting could therapeutic strategy prevention treatment

Language: Английский

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A Comprehensive Review of the Triangular Relationship among Diet–Gut Microbiota–Inflammation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(17), P. 9366 - 9366

Published: Aug. 29, 2024

The human gastrointestinal tract hosts a complex and dynamic community of microorganisms known as the gut microbiota, which play pivotal role in numerous physiological processes, including digestion, metabolism, immune function. Recent research has highlighted significant impact diet on microbiota composition functionality, consequential effects host health. Concurrently, there is growing evidence linking to inflammation, key factor many chronic diseases such inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular (CVDs). This review explores how dietary components influence composition, these microbial changes affect pathways, therapeutic implications modulating this axis for prevention management. Beneficial patterns, Mediterranean (MD) plant-based diets, promote diverse balanced supporting anti-inflammatory pathways. Conversely, Western (WD), high saturated fats refined sugars, associated with dysbiosis increased inflammation. With all links between three variables considered, attempts offer thorough examination triangle formed by food.

Language: Английский

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Association between the dietary index for gut microbiota and diabetes: the mediating role of phenotypic age and body mass index

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Objectives The global prevalence of diabetes is continuously rising, and the gut microbiota closely associated with it. Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota (DI-GM) assesses impact diet on microbiota, but its association risk remains unclear. This study aims to investigate between DI-GM analyze mediating roles phenotypic age body mass index (BMI). Methods Utilizing data from National Health nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 1999–2018, we included 17,444 adults aged 20 years older. (score range: 0–13) was calculated based dietary recall. Diabetes diagnosed laboratory results self-reported information. Multivariable logistic regression used diabetes, adjusting relevant covariates. Mediation analysis evaluated BMI. Results After confounders, higher scores were significantly a lower (OR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.90–0.96, p < 0.001). Compared group 0–3, those 5 0.76, 0.67–0.86) ≥ 6 0.77, 0.68–0.88) had reduced risk. Phenotypic BMI accounted 41.02 25.57% respectively. Conclusion Higher are partially mediated through

Language: Английский

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Seabuckthorn polysaccharide ameliorates high-fat diet-induced obesity by gut microbiota-SCFAs-liver axis

Food & Function, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 2925 - 2937

Published: Dec. 21, 2021

Obesity has been reported to be associated with gut microbiome dysbiosis. seabuckthorn fruits have traditionally used in Tibetan foods and medicines for thousands of years. Seabuckthorn polysaccharide (SP) is one the main functional components fruits. However, effects SP on a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity not yet elucidated. The purpose this study explore amelioration effect induced by HFD reveal its mechanism microbiota metabolites. Results showed that 12-week (0.1%, w/w) dietary supplementation could significantly reduce body weight gain, serum lipid level liver triglycerides obese mice. Notably, treatment elevated p-AMPKα PPARα proteins expression stimulated phosphorylation ACC1 inhibited protein FAS, PPARγ, CD36 mice liver. Further, also reorganized up-regulating proportion Muribaculaceae_unclassified, Bifidobacterium, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Alistipes, Bacteroides, down-regulating abundance Lactobacillus, Firmicutes_unclassified, Dubosiella Bilophila, Streptococcus HFD-induced Moreover, production microbial metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) feces increased. In addition, correlation analysis results obesity-ameliorating were highly levels SCFAs feces. Therefore, regulation metabolism may due variation raised SCFAs. These indicate play part potential nutraceutical ameliorating through gut-liver axis.

Language: Английский

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Lactobacillus paracasei CCFM1229 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus CCFM1228 Alleviated Depression- and Anxiety-Related Symptoms of Chronic Stress-Induced Depression in Mice by Regulating Xanthine Oxidase Activity in the Brain

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 1294 - 1294

Published: March 18, 2022

Depression is a common mood disorder that affects around 350 million people worldwide. We studied the effect of supplementation with Lactobacillus strains for treatment depression. Except control group (n = 8), C57BL/6J mice were treated during six weeks chronic unpredictable stress (depression group: n 9, intervention 7). L. paracasei CCFM1229 and rhamnosus CCFM1228 significantly reduced depressive behaviour in forced swimming test tail suspension test, anxiety open field marble burying light/dark box test. increased brain serotonin brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentrations, decreased serum corticosterone concentration, all which are closely associated relief symptoms. Furthermore, shown to regulate purine metabolism mice, as indicated by decreases xanthine oxidase activity an increase liver adenosine deaminase activity. Anxiety- depression-related indicators cerebral cortex. The anxiety- mouse model stress-induced depression, may be achieved regulating oxidase.

Language: Английский

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