The gut microbiome in Alzheimer’s disease: what we know and what remains to be explored

Molecular Neurodegeneration, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, results in a sustained decline cognition. There are currently few effective modifying therapies for AD, but insights into mechanisms that mediate onset and progression may lead to new, therapeutic strategies. Amyloid beta oligomers plaques, tau aggregates, neuroinflammation play critical role neurodegeneration impact clinical AD progression. The upstream modulators these pathological features have not been fully clarified, recent evidence indicates gut microbiome (GMB) an influence on therefore human patients. In this review, we summarize studies identified alterations GMB correlate with pathophysiology patients mouse models. Additionally, discuss findings manipulations models potential GMB-targeted therapeutics AD. Lastly, diet, sleep, exercise as modifiers relationship between conclude future directions recommendations further topic.

Language: Английский

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The role of probiotics and prebiotics in modulating of the gut-brain axis

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: July 26, 2023

Pro-and prebiotics have been indicated to modulate the gut-brain axis, which supportive impacts on central nervous systems, and decrease or control incidence of some mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, autism, Schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s. In this review, complex communications among microbiota, gut, brain, also recent scientific findings possible action mechanisms pro-and discussed. The results shown that can improve function system play an important role in prevention treatment brain disorders; however, order prove these effects conclusively firmly use compounds a therapeutic way, more studies are needed, especially human studies/clinical trials.

Language: Английский

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Role of Gut Microbiota in Neurological Disorders and Its Therapeutic Significance

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 1650 - 1650

Published: Feb. 19, 2023

In humans, the gut microbiota (GM) are known to play a significant role in metabolism of nutrients and drugs, immunomodulation, pathogen defense by inhabiting gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The GM gut–brain axis (GBA) has been documented for different regulatory mechanisms associated pathways it shows behaviors with individualized bacteria. addition, as susceptibility factor neurological disorders central nervous system (CNS), regulating disease progression being amenable intervention. Bidirectional transmission between brain occurs GBA, implying that performs neurocrine, endocrine, immune-mediated signaling pathways. regulates multiple supplementing them prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics, fecal transplantations, and/or antibiotics. A well-balanced diet is critically important establishing healthy GM, which can alter enteric (ENS) regulate disorders. Here, we have discussed function GBA from gut, neurology interacts various GM. Furthermore, highlighted recent advances future prospects may require addressing research concerns about

Language: Английский

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Efficacy of Probiotic Supplements on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Inflammatory Biomarkers, Oxidative Stress and Cognitive Function in Patients with Alzheimer’s Dementia: A 12-Week Randomized, Double-Blind Active-Controlled Study

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 16 - 16

Published: Dec. 20, 2023

The role of neurotrophic factors, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the pathogenesis Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been explored. Animal studies have reported positive effects probiotics on these factors. Some clinical also support potential improving cognitive function via gut-brain axis older adults. However, experimental evaluating efficacy targeting factors inflammatory biomarkers, particularly among AD patients, remain very limited. In this randomized, double-blinded, active-controlled trial, we used multi-strain probiotic supplements, including

Language: Английский

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ESPEN guideline on nutrition and hydration in dementia – Update 2024

Clinical Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43(6), P. 1599 - 1626

Published: May 8, 2024

Background & aims Dementia is accompanied by a variety of changes that result in an increased risk malnutrition and low-intake dehydration. This guideline update to give evidence-based recommendations for nutritional care persons with dementia order prevent treat these syndromes. Methods The previous version was reviewed expanded accordance the standard operating procedure ESPEN guidelines. Based on systematic search three databases, strength evidence appropriate literature graded use SIGN system. original were reformulated, new added, which all then underwent consensus process. Results 40 older developed agreed, seven at institutional level 33 individual level. As prerequisite good care, organizations caring are recommended employ sufficient qualified staff offer attractive food drinks choice functional appealing environment. Nutritional should be based written concept standardized procedures. At level, routine screening dehydration, assessment close monitoring unquestionable. Oral nutrition may supported eliminating potential causes adequate social nursing support (including assistance, utensils, training oral care). supplements improve status but not correct cognitive impairment or decline. Routine dementia-specific ONS, ketogenic diet, omega-3 fatty acid supplementation appetite stimulating agents recommended. Enteral parenteral hydration temporary options patients mild moderate dementia, severe terminal phase life. In stages disease, supporting drink intake maintaining improving requires individualized, comprehensive approach. Due lack studies, most practice points. Conclusion integral part management. Numerous interventions available implemented daily practice. Future high-quality studies needed clarify evidence.

Language: Английский

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Protection of Alzheimer’s disease progression by a human-origin probiotics cocktail

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Microbiome abnormalities (dysbiosis) significantly contribute to the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, therapeutic efficacy microbiome modulators in protecting against these ailments remains poorly studied. Herein, we tested a cocktail unique probiotics, including 5 Lactobacillus and Enterococcus strains isolated from infant gut with proven modulating capabilities. We aimed determine probiotics cocktail's ameliorating AD pathology humanized mouse model APP/PS1 strains. Remarkably, feeding mice 1 × 1011 CFU per day drinking water for 16 weeks reduced cognitive decline (measured by Morris Water Maze test) markers, such as Aβ aggregation, microglia activation, neuroinflammation, preserved blood-brain barrier (BBB) tight junctions. The beneficial effects were linked inflammatory microbiome, leading decreased permeability inflammation both systemic circulation brain. Although male female showed overall improvements cognition biological females did not exhibit specific markers related permeability, suggesting that underlying mechanisms may differ depending on sex. In conclusion, our results suggest this could serve prophylactic agent reduce pathology. This is achieved beneficially improving intestinal junction proteins, reducing BBB, decreasing gut, blood circulation, brain, ultimately mitigating decline.

Language: Английский

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Advancements in Oral Delivery Systems for Probiotics Based on Polysaccharides

Polymers, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 144 - 144

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Probiotics are an essential dietary supplement for intestinal flora balance, inhibition of pathogenic bacteria and immune regulation. However, probiotic inactivation during gastrointestinal transportation remains a big challenge oral administration. Hence, delivery systems (ODSs) based on polysaccharides have been constructed to protect probiotics from harsh environments. Cellulose, chitosan, alginate their derivates used form protective layer probiotics. This review summarizes the superiority application in forming layers Meanwhile, ODS processes including extrusion, emulsion spray drying also summarized. The preparation technique mechanism, microparticle formation process especially role serve overviewed. Lastly, need cell viability retention dehydration construction core-shell microparticles is emphasized this review.

Language: Английский

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Altered Gut Microbiota and Its Clinical Relevance in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease: Shanghai Aging Study and Shanghai Memory Study

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(19), P. 3959 - 3959

Published: Sept. 23, 2022

Altered gut microbiota has been reported in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Previous research suggested that specific bacterial species might be associated the decline of function. However, evidence was insufficient, results were inconsistent. To determine whether there is an alteration patients MCI AD to investigate its correlation clinical characteristics, fecal samples from 94 cognitively normal controls (NC), 125 participants MCI, 83 collected analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. The overall microbial compositions taxa compared. relevance analyzed. There no significant difference alpha beta diversity among three groups. Patients or had increased including Erysipelatoclostridiaceae, Erysipelotrichales, Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadales, Saccharimonadia, compared NC group (p < 0.05), which positively correlated APOE 4 carrier status Clinical Dementia Rating (correlation coefficient: 0.11~0.31, p negatively memory −0.19~−0.16, 0.01). Our supported hypothesis intestinal microorganisms change AD. closely manifestations, indicating potential role pathogenesis.

Language: Английский

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Probiotic Bifidobacterium longum BB68S Improves Cognitive Functions in Healthy Older Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 51 - 51

Published: Dec. 22, 2022

Probiotics could improve cognitive functions in patients with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, but the effects on function healthy older adults without impairment need further study. The purpose of this study was to investigate effect Bifidobacterium longum BB68S (BB68S) among impairment. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted 60 who were divided into probiotic or placebo groups and required consume either a sachet (BB68S, 5 × 1010 CFU/sachet) once daily for 8 weeks. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) used an inclusion screening tool screen elderly participants our study, Repeatable Battery Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) assess subjects before after intervention assessment tool. significantly improved subjects’ (total RBANS score increased by 18.89 points intervention, p < 0.0001), especially immediate memory, visuospatial/constructional, attention, delayed memory domains. relative abundances beneficial bacteria Lachnospira, Bifidobacterium, Dorea, Cellulosilyticum, while decreasing those related cognition impairment, Collinsella, Parabacteroides, Tyzzerella, Bilophila, unclassified_c_Negativicutes, Epulopiscium, Porphyromonas, Granulicatella. In conclusion, along having regulatory their gut microbiota. This supports probiotics strategy promote aging advances research.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum OLL2712 on Memory Function in Older Adults with Declining Memory: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(20), P. 4300 - 4300

Published: Oct. 14, 2022

The use of probiotics is expected to be an intervention in neurodegenerative conditions that cause dementia owing their ability modulate neuroinflammatory responses via the microbiome-gut–brain axis. Therefore, we selected Lactiplantibacillus plantarum OLL2712 (OLL2712), optimal anti-inflammatory lactic acid bacteria strain with high IL-10-inducing activity immune cells, and aimed verify its protective effects on memory function older adults. A 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed adults over age 65 years declining memory. participants consumed either powder containing heat-treated cells or placebo. Memory assessed using a computer-assisted cognitive test, Cognitrax. Daily dietary nutrient intake Brief-type Self-administered Diet History Questionnaire (BDHQ). composition gut microbiota analyzed by fecal DNA extraction 16S rDNA sequencing. Data from 78 who completed entire procedure were analyzed, significant improvements composite visual scores observed active group, after accounting for effect daily nutritional (p = 0.044 p 0.021, respectively). In addition, group had lower abundance ratio Lachnoclostridium, Monoglobus, Oscillibacter genera, which have been reported involved inflammation. present study suggests ingestion has against decline

Language: Английский

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