The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
108(6), P. 1432 - 1441
Published: Dec. 13, 2022
Abstract
Context
Observational
studies
indicated
obesity
and
glutamatergic
dysfunction
as
potential
risk
factors
of
depression,
reported
disturbance
glutamine
metabolism
in
obese
state.
However,
it
remains
unclear
whether
the
interrelationships
between
obesity,
glutamine,
depression
are
causal.
Objective
We
conducted
2-sample
bidirectional
mendelian
randomization
(MR)
analyses
to
explore
causalities
circulating
levels,
specific
depressive
symptoms,
major
disorder
(MDD),
body
mass
index
(BMI).
Methods
Univariable
MR,
multivariable
MR
(MVMR),
linkage
disequilibrium
score
regression
(LDSR)
were
performed.
Results
Genetic
downregulation
was
causally
associated
with
MDD,
anhedonia,
tiredness,
depressed
mood
at
false
discovery
rate
(FDR)-controlled
significance
level
(estimate,
−0.036
∼
−0.013;
P
=
.005
.050).
Elevated
BMI
linked
lower
–0.103;
.037),
well
more
severe
mood,
anhedonia
0.017
0.050;
<
.001
.040).
In
MVMR
analysis,
related
dependently
levels.
Conversely,
showed
limited
evidence
supporting
causal
effects
on
levels
or
BMI,
except
a
association
tiredness
elevated
0.309;
.003).
LDSR
estimates
directionally
consistent
results.
Conclusion
The
present
study
that
higher
Both
depression.
Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
17
Published: March 1, 2023
Post-stroke
cognitive
impairment,
is
a
major
complication
of
stroke,
characterized
by
dysfunction,
which
directly
affects
the
quality
life.
impairment
highlights
causal
relationship
between
stroke
and
impairment.
The
pathological
damage
including
increased
release
excitatory
amino
acids,
oxidative
stress,
inflammatory
responses,
apoptosis,
changed
neurotrophic
factor
levels
gene
expression,
influence
synaptic
plasticity.
Synaptic
plasticity
refers
to
activity-dependent
changes
in
strength
connections
efficiency
transmission
at
pre-existing
synapses
can
be
divided
into
structural
functional
Changes
have
been
proven
play
important
roles
occurrence
treatment
post-stroke
Evidence
has
indicated
that
Chinese
herbal
drugs
effect
treating
In
this
review,
we
overview
on
plasticity,
analyze
summarize
commonly
used
whose
active
ingredient
or
extracts
regulate
This
review
will
provide
new
ideas
for
future
exploration
mechanism
compile
evidence
applying
treat
lay
foundation
development
novel
formulas
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
23(17), P. 9628 - 9628
Published: Aug. 25, 2022
Traumatic
brain
injury
(TBI)
is
associated
with
significant
cognitive
and
psychiatric
conditions.
Neuropsychiatric
symptoms
can
persist
for
years
following
injury,
causing
major
disruptions
in
patients’
lives.
In
this
review,
we
examine
the
role
of
glutamate
as
an
aftereffect
TBI
that
contributes
to
development
neuropsychiatric
We
hypothesize
causes
long-term
blood–brain
barrier
(BBB)
dysfunction
lasting
many
even
decades.
propose
BBB
central
factor
modulates
increased
after
ultimately
leads
neurodegenerative
processes
subsequent
manifestation
Here,
have
identified
factors
determine
upper
lower
levels
concentration
TBI.
Furthermore,
consider
treatments
integrity,
including
repairing
controlling
excess
glutamate,
potential
therapeutic
modalities
treatment
acute
chronic
conditions
symptoms.
By
specifically
focusing
on
BBB,
restoring
integrity
will
alleviate
neurotoxicity
related
neurological
sequelae.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(6), P. 5897 - 5897
Published: March 20, 2023
A
healthy
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB)
shields
the
brain
from
high
concentrations
of
blood
glutamate,
which
can
cause
neurotoxicity
and
neurodegeneration.
It
is
believed
that
traumatic
injury
(TBI)
causes
long-term
BBB
disruption,
subsequently
increasing
glutamate
in
blood,
addition
to
increased
resulting
neuronal
injury.
Here,
we
investigate
relationship
between
levels
context
permeability.
Rats
exposed
disruption
through
an
osmotic
model
or
TBI
treated
with
intravenous
saline
were
compared
control
rats
intact
saline.
After
administration,
cerebrospinal
fluid
tissue
analyzed.
The
results
showed
a
strong
correlation
groups
disruption.
We
conclude
protects
permeability
vital
component
regulating
brain.
These
findings
bring
new
approach
treating
consequences
other
diseases
where
central
mechanism
their
development.
Development and Psychopathology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 11
Published: Feb. 26, 2024
Research
on
serious
mental
disorders,
particularly
psychosis,
has
revealed
highly
variable
symptom
profiles
and
developmental
trajectories
prior
to
illness-onset.
As
Dante
Cicchetti
pointed
out
decades
before
the
term
"transdiagnostic"
was
widely
used,
pathways
psychopathology
emerge
in
a
system
involving
equifinality
multifinality.
Like
most
other
psychological
psychosis
is
associated
with
multiple
domains
of
risk
factors,
both
genetic
environmental,
there
are
many
transdiagnostic
that
can
lead
psychotic
syndromes.
In
this
article,
we
discuss
our
current
understanding
heterogeneity
etiology
its
implications
for
approaches
conceptualizing
research.
We
highlight
need
examining
factors
at
levels
increase
emphasis
as
key
etiologic
subtypes.
This
will
be
increasingly
feasible
now
large,
longitudinal
datasets
becoming
available
researchers
have
access
more
sophisticated
analytic
tools,
such
machine
learning,
which
identify
homogenous
subtypes
ultimate
goal
enhancing
options
treatment
preventive
intervention.
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(6), P. 901 - 901
Published: March 21, 2024
There
is
a
growing
body
of
evidence
that
suggests
connection
between
traumatic
brain
injury
(TBI)
and
subsequent
post-traumatic
stress
disorder
(PTSD).
While
the
exact
mechanism
unknown,
we
hypothesize
chronic
glutamate
neurotoxicity
may
play
role.
The
consumption
dietary
modifiable
factor
influencing
levels
in
blood
and,
therefore,
brain.
In
this
systematic
review,
explored
relationship
development
post-TBI
PTSD.
Of
1748
articles
identified,
44
met
inclusion
criteria
for
analysis
review.
We
observed
individuals
from
countries
with
diets
traditionally
high
had
greater
odds
developing
PTSD
after
TBI
(odds
ratio
=
15.2,
95%
confidence
interval
11.69
to
19.76,
p
<
0.01).
These
findings
support
hypothesis
chronically
elevated
concentrations
caused
by
intake
invoke
neurodegeneration
processes
could
ultimately
result
Further
studies
will
clarify
whether
lowering
via
diet
would
be
an
effective
strategy
preventing
or
treating
