Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Diseases and the Gut-Brain Axis: The Potential of Therapeutic Targeting of the Microbiome

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(11), P. 9577 - 9577

Published: May 31, 2023

The human gut microbiome contains the largest number of bacteria in body and has potential to greatly influence metabolism, not only locally but also systemically. There is an established link between a healthy, balanced, diverse overall health. When becomes unbalanced (dysbiosis) through dietary changes, medication use, lifestyle choices, environmental factors, ageing, this profound effect on our health linked many diseases, including metabolic inflammatory neurological diseases. While humans largely association dysbiosis with disease, animal models, causative can be demonstrated. brain particularly important maintaining health, strong neurodegenerative neurodevelopmental This suggests that microbiota composition used make early diagnosis diseases modifying microbiome-gut-brain axis might present therapeutic target for have proved intractable, aim altering trajectory such as Alzheimer's Parkinson's multiple sclerosis, autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity among others. other potentially reversible migraine, post-operative cognitive dysfunction, long COVID, which considered models therapy disease. role traditional methods microbiome, well newer, more novel treatments faecal transplants photobiomodulation, are discussed.

Language: Английский

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Potential Biomarkers and Treatment of Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease

Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 53(1), P. 181 - 188

Published: Jan. 5, 2025

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative of the central nervous system primarily affecting middle-aged and elderly individuals, significantly compromising their quality life. Neuroinflammation now recognized as key feature in pathogenesis PD. This study reviews recent advances identification potential biomarkers associated with neuroinflammation PD significance for therapeutic strategies. These findings suggest that inflammatory factors play pivotal role treatment, interventions involving anti-inflammatory drugs, physical exercise, dietary modifications have shown promising results mitigating progression.

Language: Английский

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A Review on Natural Antioxidants for Their Role in the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. 908 - 908

Published: June 21, 2023

The neurodegenerative condition known as Parkinson’s disease (PD) is brought on by the depletion of dopaminergic neurons in basal ganglia, which brain region that controls body movement. PD occurs due to many factors, from one acknowledged effects oxidative stress pathogenic pathways play a role development disease. Antioxidants, including flavonoids, vitamins E and C, polyphenolic substances, help reduce free radicals. Consequently, this lowers risk disorders long term. Although there currently no cure for illnesses, these conditions can be controlled. treatment lessens its symptoms, helps preserve patient’s quality life. Therefore, use naturally occurring antioxidants, such polyphenols, may obtained through food or nutritional supplements have variety positive effects, has emerged an appealing alternative management strategy. This article will examine extent knowledge about antioxidants well future directions research. Additionally, evaluation value neuroprotective agents provided.

Language: Английский

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The Molecular Mechanisms of the Relationship between Insulin Resistance and Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(16), P. 3585 - 3585

Published: Aug. 15, 2023

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a degenerative condition resulting from the loss of dopaminergic neurons. This neuronal leads to motor and non-motor neurological symptoms. Most PD cases are idiopathic, no cure available. Recently, it has been proposed that insulin resistance (IR) could be central factor in development. IR associated with neuropathological features like α-synuclein aggregation, loss, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy. These related impaired metabolism, death, aggravation Moreover, pharmacological options involve signaling improvement non-dopaminergic strategies have under drugs prevent metabolic pathways involved damage. All these approaches improve outcomes. Also, new biomarker identification may allow for an earlier diagnosis high-risk individuals. review describes main implicated development involving IR. presents several therapeutic directed at used treatment. The understanding molecular mechanisms neurodegenerative enhance diagnosis.

Language: Английский

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Healthy dietary patterns and the risk of individual chronic diseases in community-dwelling adults

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Oct. 23, 2023

It is unclear regarding associations of dietary patterns with a wide range chronic diseases and which score more predictive major diseases. Using the UK Biobank, we examine four individual healthy scores risk 48 Higher Alternate Mediterranean Diet associated lower 32 (all 8 cardiometabolic disorders, 3 out 10 types cancers, 7 psychological/neurological 5 6 digestive 9 14 other diseases). Healthy Eating Index-2010 Healthful Plant-based Index are inversely 29 23 diseases, respectively. A higher Anti-Empirical Dietary Inflammatory incidence two Our findings support guidelines for prevention most

Language: Английский

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A Comprehensive Approach to Parkinson’s Disease: Addressing Its Molecular, Clinical, and Therapeutic Aspects

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(13), P. 7183 - 7183

Published: June 29, 2024

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a gradually worsening neurodegenerative disorder affecting the nervous system, marked by slow progression and varied symptoms. It second most common disease, over six million people in world. Its multifactorial etiology includes environmental, genomic, epigenetic factors. Clinical symptoms consist of non-motor motor symptoms, with being classic presentation. Therapeutic approaches encompass pharmacological, non-pharmacological, surgical interventions. Traditional pharmacological treatment consists administering drugs (MAOIs, DA, levodopa), while emerging evidence explores potential antidiabetic agents for neuroprotection gene therapy attenuating parkinsonian Non-pharmacological treatments, such as exercise, calcium-rich diet, adequate vitamin D supplementation, aim to prevent complications. For those patients who have medically induced side effects and/or refractory surgery therapeutic option. Deep brain stimulation primary option, associated symptom improvement. Levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel infusion through percutaneous endoscopic gastrojejunostomy portable pump succeeded reducing "off" time, where occur, increasing "on" time. This article aims address general aspects PD provide comparative comprehensive review conventional latest advancements treatments PD. Nevertheless, further studies are required optimize suitable alternatives.

Language: Английский

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Microbiota, Tryptophan and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptors as the Target Triad in Parkinson’s Disease—A Narrative Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(5), P. 2915 - 2915

Published: March 2, 2024

In the era of a steadily increasing lifespan, neurodegenerative diseases among elderly present significant therapeutic and socio-economic challenge. A properly balanced diet microbiome diversity have been receiving attention as targets for interventions in neurodegeneration. Microbiota may affect cognitive function, neuronal survival death, gut dysbiosis was identified Parkinson’s disease (PD). Tryptophan (Trp), an essential amino acid, is degraded by microbiota hosts numerous compounds with immune- neuromodulating properties. This broad narrative review presents data supporting concept that microbiota, Trp-kynurenine (KYN) pathway aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs) form triad involved PD. disturbed gut–brain axis allows bidirectional spread pro-inflammatory molecules α-synuclein, which contribute to development/progression disease. We suggest peripheral levels kynurenines AhR ligands are strongly linked Trp metabolism should be studied together composition microbiota. Such approach can clearly delineate sub-populations PD patients manifesting microbiota–Trp-KYN–brain triad, who would benefit from modifications metabolism. Analyses microbiome, Trp-KYN metabolites signaling shed light on mechanisms intestinal distress identify new diagnosis treatment early-stage Therapeutic based combination well-defined food regimen, probiotics seem potential require further experimental clinical research.

Language: Английский

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Dietary Interventions in Parkinson’s Disease

Journal of Parkinson s Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 1 - 16

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

Several dietary patterns and nutritional supplements have been linked to the development, progression, symptomatic treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Most evidence, at this point, is preliminary based largely on observational studies. Interventional studies are scarce, so evidence effectiveness remains inconclusive. Dietary interventions could, analogous exercise, potentially a beneficial effect symptoms as well progression should therefore be researched in high quality Further work also needed study whether interventions, when applied an at-risk population, any potential postpone onset manifest PD. In paper, we summarize all ongoing clinical trials We found 10 studies, aimed different intervention. These mostly exploratory nature or represent phase I II focusing safety, biological responses, effects. Taken together, conclude that research persons with PD still its early days. The results various expected generate new hypotheses will help shape agenda for future important topic.

Language: Английский

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The rise of Parkinson’s disease is a global challenge, but efforts to tackle this must begin at a national level: a protocol for national digital screening and “eat, move, sleep” lifestyle interventions to prevent or slow the rise of non-communicable diseases in Thailand

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: May 13, 2024

The rising prevalence of Parkinson’s disease (PD) globally presents a significant public health challenge for national healthcare systems, particularly in low-to-middle income countries, such as Thailand, which may have insufficient resources to meet these escalating needs. There are also many undiagnosed cases early-stage PD, period when therapeutic interventions would the most value and least cost. traditional “passive” approach, whereby clinicians wait patients with symptomatic PD seek treatment, is inadequate. Proactive, early identification will allow timely interventions, digital technologies can be scaled up diagnosis cases. risk survey (TCTR20231025005) aims evaluate population screening platform identify Thai population. Recognizing long prodromal phase target demographic people aged ≥ 40 years, approximately 20 years before usual emergence motor symptoms. Thailand has highly rated system an established universal program citizens, making it ideal deploying using technology. Designed by multidisciplinary group experts, comprises 20-item questionnaire about symptoms along objective tests eight markers: voice vowel, sentences, resting postural tremor, alternate finger tapping, “pinch-to-size” test, gait balance, performance recorded mobile application smartphone’s sensors. Machine learning tools use collected data subjects at developing, or signs of, PD. This article describes selection validation items markers, results showing chosen parameters analysis methods robust, reliable, reproducible. could serve model similar strategies other non-communicable diseases Thailand.

Language: Английский

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The Expanding Burden of Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Unmet Medical and Social Need

Aging and Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 0 - 0

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease and other dementias as well Parkinson's disease, are emerging profoundly significant challenges burdens to global health, a trend highlighted by the most recent Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 studies. This growing impact is closely linked demographic shift toward an aging population potential long-term repercussions COVID-19 pandemic, both which have intensified prevalence severity these conditions. In this review, we explore several critical aspects complex issue, including increasing burden neurodegenerative unmet medical social needs within current care systems, unique amplified posed strategies for enhancing healthcare policy practice. We underscore urgent need cohesive, multidisciplinary approaches across medical, research, domains effectively address thereby improving quality life patients their caregivers.

Language: Английский

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