Vitamin D and human health: evidence from Mendelian randomization studies

European Journal of Epidemiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 39(5), P. 467 - 490

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

Language: Английский

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The Power of Vitamin D: Is the Future in Precision Nutrition through Personalized Supplementation Plans?

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. 1176 - 1176

Published: April 15, 2024

In the last few decades, vitamin D has undeniably been one of most studied nutrients. Despite our ability to produce through sunlight exposure, its presence in several natural food sources and fortified foods, widespread availability as a dietary supplement, deficiency is serious public health problem, affecting nearly 50% global population. Low serum levels are being associated with increased susceptibility numerous conditions, including respiratory infections, mental health, autoimmune diseases, different cancer types. Although association between status well-established, exact beneficial effects still inconclusive indefinite, especially when considering prevention treatment conditions determination an appropriate dosage exert those various population groups. Therefore, further research needed. With constant improvements understanding individual variations metabolism requirements, future, precision nutrition personalized supplementation plans could prove beneficial.

Language: Английский

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Combination of vitamin D and photodynamic therapy enhances immune responses in murine models of squamous cell skin cancer

Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 45, P. 103983 - 103983

Published: Jan. 27, 2024

Improved treatment outcomes for non-melanoma skin cancers can be achieved if Vitamin D (Vit D) is used as a neoadjuvant prior to photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, the mechanisms this effect are unclear. Vit elevates protoporphyrin (PpIX) levels within tumor cells, but also exerts immune-modulatory effects. Here, two murine models, UVB-induced actinic keratoses (AK) and human squamous cell carcinoma (A431) xenografts, were analyze time course of local systemic immune responses after PDT ± D. Fluorescence immunohistochemistry tissues flow analysis (FACS) blood employed. In tissue, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) increased, infiltration neutrophils (Ly6G+), macrophages (F4/80+), dendritic cells (CD11c+) observed. most cases, alone or increased recruitment, + showed even greater recruitment Similarly T total (CD3+), cytotoxic (CD8+) regulatory (FoxP3+) T-cells was observed PDT, increase with combination. FACS revealed variety interesting changes in circulating levels. particular, decreased D, consistent migration into AK lesions. Levels expressing PD-1+ checkpoint receptor reduced AKs following potentially counteracting elevations seen alone. summary, ALA-PDT, treatments individual immunogenic effects, may advantageous combination improve efficacy management dermatology clinic.

Language: Английский

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Exploiting Vitamin D Receptor and Its Ligands to Target Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Head and Neck

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(5), P. 4675 - 4675

Published: Feb. 28, 2023

Vitamin D (VitD) and its receptor (VDR) have been intensively investigated in many cancers. As knowledge for head neck cancer (HNC) is limited, we the (pre)clinical therapeutic relevance of VDR/VitD-axis. We found that VDR was differentially expressed HNC tumors, correlating to patients' clinical parameters. Poorly differentiated tumors showed high Ki67 expression, whereas levels decreased from moderate well-differentiated tumors. The VitD serum were lowest patients with poorly cancers (4.1 ± 0.5 ng/mL), increasing (7.3 4.3 ng/mL) (13.2 3.4 Notably, females higher insufficiency compared males, poor differentiation tumor. To mechanistically uncover VDR/VitD's pathophysiological relevance, demonstrated induced nuclear-translocation (VitD < 100 nM) cells. RNA sequencing heat map analysis various nuclear receptors cisplatin-resistant versus sensitive cells including interaction partner retinoic acid (RXR). However, RXR expression not significantly correlated parameters, cotreatment ligand, acid, did enhance killing by cisplatin. Moreover, Chou-Talalay algorithm uncovered VitD/cisplatin combinations synergistically killed tumor also inhibited PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Importantly, these findings confirmed 3D-tumor-spheroid models mimicking microarchitecture. Here, already affected formation, which seen 2D-cultures. conclude novel VDR/VitD-targeted drug should be intensely explored HNC. Gender-specific VDR/VitD-effects may socioeconomic differences need considered during (supplementation)-therapies.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of Prostate Cancer Cells Survival and Their Therapeutic Targeting

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 2939 - 2939

Published: Feb. 2, 2023

Prostate cancer (PCa) is today the second most common in world, with almost 400,000 deaths annually. Multiple factors are involved etiology of PCa, such as older age, genetic mutations, ethnicity, diet, or inflammation. Modern treatment PCa involves radical surgical radiation therapy stages when tumor limited to prostate. When metastases develop, standard procedure androgen deprivation therapy, which aims reduce level circulating testosterone, achieved by medical castration. However, testosterone decreases castration level, cells adapt new conditions through different mechanisms, enable their unhindered growth and survival, despite therapy. New knowledge about biology so-called castration-resistant way it adapts will development drugs, whose goal prolong survival patients this stage disease, be discussed review.

Language: Английский

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Role of Vitamin D in Head and Neck Cancer—Immune Function, Anti-Tumour Effect, and Its Impact on Patient Prognosis

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(11), P. 2592 - 2592

Published: May 31, 2023

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) describes a heterogeneous group of human neoplasms the head with high rates morbidity mortality, constituting about 3% all cancers ~1.5% cancer deaths. HNSCC constituted seventh most prevalent malignancy common in world 2020, according to multi-population observations conducted by GLOBOCAN group. Since approximately 60–70% patients present stage III/IV neoplastic disease, is still one leading causes death worldwide, an overall survival rate that too low, not exceeding 40–60% these patients. Despite application newer surgical techniques implementation modern combined oncological treatment, disease often follows fatal course due frequent nodal metastases local recurrences. The role micronutrients initiation, development, progression has been subject considerable research. Of particular interest vitamin D, pleiotropic biologically active fat-soluble family secosteroids (vitamin-D-like steroids), which constitutes key regulator bone, calcium, phosphate homeostasis, as well carcinogenesis further development various neoplasms. Considerable evidence suggests D plays cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, immunity, metabolism. A number basic science, clinical, epidemiological studies indicate multidirectional biological effects influences anti-cancer intracellular mechanisms risk, dietary supplements have prophylactic benefits. In 20th century, it was reported may play roles protection regulation normal phenotypes prevention adjunctive therapy neoplasms, including HNSCC, regulating mechanisms, control tumour expansion differentiation, apoptosis, intercellular interactions, angio- lymphogenesis, immune function, invasion. These regulatory properties mainly occur indirectly via epigenetic transcriptional changes function transcription factors, chromatin modifiers, non-coding RNA (ncRNAs), microRNAs (miRs) through protein-protein interactions signalling pathways. this way, calcitriol enhances communication biology, restores connection extracellular matrix, promotes epithelial phenotype; thus counteracts tumour-associated detachment from matrix inhibits formation metastases. Furthermore, confirmation receptor (VDR) many tissues confirmed physiopathological significance tumours. Recent quantitative associations between exposure incidence HNC, i.e., risk assessment included circulating calcidiol plasma/serum concentrations, intake, presence VDR gene polymorphism, genes involved metabolism pathway. Moreover, chemopreventive efficacy precancerous lesions their predictors survival, recurrence are also widely discussed. As such, be considered promising potential agent for developing innovative methods targeted therapy. proposed review discusses detail relationship HNSCC. It provides overview current literature, opinion-forming systematic reviews epidemiological, prospective, longitudinal, cross-sectional, interventional based on vitro animal models accessible PubMed/Medline/EMBASE/Cochrane Library databases. This article presents data line increasing clinical credibility.

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D and cancer

Advances in food and nutrition research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 92 - 159

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D in Cancer Prevention and Treatment: A Review of Epidemiological, Preclinical, and Cellular Studies

Cancers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(18), P. 3211 - 3211

Published: Sept. 20, 2024

Inhibition of human carcinomas has previously been linked to vitamin D due its effects on cancer cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and apoptosis induction. The anticancer activity confirmed by several studies, which have shown that increased incidence is associated with decreased dietary supplementation slows down the growth xenografted tumors in mice. Vitamin inhibits cells induction as well arresting at G0/G1 (or) G2/M phase cycle. Aim Key Scientific Concepts Review: purpose this article thoroughly review existing information discuss debate conclude whether could be used an agent prevent/treat cancers. empirical data demonstrated can also work absence receptors (VDRs), indicating presence multiple mechanisms action for sunshine vitamin. Polymorphism VDR known play a key role tumor metastasis drug resistance. Although there evidence both therapeutic cancer-preventive properties, numerous uncertainties concerns regarding use treatment still exist. These include (a) calcium levels individuals receiving doses suppress cells; (b) hyperglycemia certain D-treated study participants; (c) dearth showing preventive or benefits clinical trials; (d) very weak support from proof-of-principle studies; (e) inability alone treat advanced Addressing these concerns, more potent less toxic analogs created, are presently undergoing trial evaluation. To provide functions VDRs, provided details significant advancements functional analysis polymorphisms

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D Receptor and CYP450 Enzyme Dysregulation May Mediate Oral Cancer Responsiveness

Targets, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3(1), P. 6 - 6

Published: Feb. 8, 2025

Many health benefits are associated with Vitamin D (VitD), although deficiency is poor outcomes and the increased risk of cancer development. For example, many tissue-specific enzymes involved in VitD metabolism, mutations or deletions within receptor (VDR) genes known to increase by altering their functions bioavailability, less about these phenomena oral cancers. Using well-characterized, commercially available cell lines (OKF4, HGF-1, SCC4, SCC9, SCC15, SCC25, CAL27), mRNA expression P450 cytochrome metabolic qPCR revealed differential results. One line (SCC15) did not express either FOK1 polymorphism was also least affected VitD3 administration growth assays. In contrast, most cancers were missing one more hydrolase (CYP2R1 CYP24A1) hydrolate (CYP27A1 CYP27B1) enzymes. SCC25 both inhibited assays, while SCC4 hydroxylase VitD2. These associations between (or lack thereof) VitD2 responsiveness can be used identify molecular targets, which may lead effective screening tools for VitD-related, complementary alternative therapies.

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D, Public Health, and Personalized Nutrition

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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