Role of the intestinal microbiome and its therapeutic intervention in cardiovascular disorder

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

The gut microbiome is a heterogeneous population of microbes comprising viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Such essential for sustaining host equilibrium, its impact on human health can be altered by variety factors such as external variables, social behavior, age, nutrition, genetics. Gut microbes’ imbalances are related to chronic diseases including cancer, obesity, digestive disorders. Globally, recent findings show that intestinal have significant role in the formation cardiovascular disease (CVD), which still primary cause fatalities. Atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, inflammation, some inherited variables all risk variables. However, studies found correlations between metabolism, flora, dietary intake. Variations diversity changes their activity thought influence CVD etiology. Furthermore, microbiota acts an endocrine organ, producing bioactive metabolites TMA (trimethylamine)/TMAO (trimethylamine N-oxide), SCFA (short-chain fatty acids), bile acids, substantial wellness multiple mechanisms. purpose this overview compile current evidence highlighting intricate links microbiota, metabolites, development CVD. It focuses how dysbiosis promotes heart failure, atherosclerosis. This review explores normal physiology potential techniques targeting bacteria treatment using various microbial metabolites. also examines significance treatment, supplements, prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotic therapies, fecal transplantation, innovative approach management As result, metabolic pathways become increasingly attractive targets intervention.

Language: Английский

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Omega-3 fatty acids and the gut microbiome: a new frontier in cardiovascular disease prevention

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Language: Английский

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A scoping review evaluating the current state of gut microbiota and its metabolites in valvular heart disease physiopathology

European Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Abstract Background The human microbiome is crucial in regulating intestinal and systemic functions. While its role cardiovascular disease better understood, the link between microbiota valvular heart diseases (VHD) remains largely unexplored. Methods Peer‐reviewed studies on human, animal or cell models analysing gut profiles published up to April 2024 were included. Eligible used 16S rRNA shotgun sequencing, metabolite profiling by mass spectrometry, examined osteogenesis fibrosis signalling valve cells. findings qualitatively analysed, with data charted summarize study design, materials outcomes. Results Thirteen included review: five three vitro. Of nine calcific aortic stenosis (CAS), elevated trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO) levels linked an increased risk of events cohort studies, CAS patients showing higher Bacteroides plebeius , Enterobacteriaceae, Veillonella dispar Prevotella copri . In vivo, TMAO promoted fibrosis, while tryptophan derivatives stimulated osteogenic differentiation interleukin‐6 secretion interstitial Two rheumatic mitral found altered lower short‐chain fatty acid levels, suggesting potential impacts immune regulation. Barlow's revealed dogs congestive failure, reduced Paraprevotellaceae Actinomycetaceae dysbiosis involving Turicibacter E. coli Conclusions has been mainly identified as a prognostic marker VHD. Gut observed various forms VHD deserve further study.

Language: Английский

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A systematic review on nano-delivery systems enriched with aromatic compounds: Flavor, odor, and chemical quality perspectives in fish

Food Chemistry Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5, P. 100750 - 100750

Published: June 9, 2024

The distinct fishy odors found in fish products are mainly linked to the surrounding environment (eg, algae, water, and feed). These odor compounds can be intensified during processing storage as a result of lipid autoxidation, enzymatic reactions, degradation TMAO, Strecker degradation. For this purpose, area nanoapplication methods is attracting attention because their potential play crucial role maintaining quality properties fish, allowing inhibition formation unpleasant volatile through oxidation aroma precursors, such fatty acids. nanofibers NPs allow carrying fragrances flavors, resulting improved performance EOs or masking that generated oxidation. Furthermore, nanovesicles containing flavor from microalgae extend chemical decomposition with nanocoating methods. combination nanomaterials could one promising ways mask bitter taste off-odor delay spoilage future trends. In systematic review, applications nanotechnology recent papers published over last 10 years related were discussed.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbial metabolism in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias

Neurotherapeutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(6), P. e00470 - e00470

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Multiple studies over the last decade have established that Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) are associated with changes in gut microbiome. These alterations organismal composition result abundances of functions encoded by microbial community, including metabolic capabilities, which likely impact host mechanisms. Gut microbes access dietary components other molecules made produce metabolites can enter circulation cross blood-brain barrier (BBB). In recent years, several been or shown to influence pathways relevant ADRD pathology. include short chain fatty acids, secondary bile tryptophan derivatives (such as kynurenine, serotonin, tryptamine, indoles), trimethylamine/trimethylamine N-oxide. Notably, some these BBB various effects on brain, modulating release neurotransmitters neuronal function, inducing oxidative stress inflammation, impacting synaptic function. Microbial also central nervous system through immune, enteroendocrine, enteric pathways, perturbations turn function peripheral immune responses, well integrity, homeostasis neurogenesis, glial cell maturation activation. This review examines evidence supporting notion is influenced microbiota its metabolites. The potential therapeutic advantages for preventing treating discussed, highlighting their role developing new treatments.

Language: Английский

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Inflammation and Organic Cation Transporters Novel (OCTNs)

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 392 - 392

Published: March 25, 2024

Inflammation is a physiological condition characterized by complex interplay between different cells handled metabolites and specific inflammatory-related molecules. In some pathological situations, inflammation persists underlying worsening the state. Over years, two membrane transporters namely OCTN1 (SLC22A4) OCTN2 (SLC22A5) have been shown to play roles in inflammation. These form OCTN subfamily within larger SLC22 family. The link these proteins has proposed based on their chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma, Crohn’s disease (CD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Moreover, show ability mediate transport of several compounds including carnitine, carnitine derivatives, acetylcholine, ergothioneine, gut microbiota by-products, which specifically associated with for anti- or proinflammatory action. Therefore, absorption distribution molecules rely presence OCTN2, whose expression modulated cytokines transcription factors typically activated present review, we wish provide state art function regulation relationships focusing metabolic signature collected body districts gene polymorphisms related diseases.

Language: Английский

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Blood-Based Multiomics-Guided Detection of a Precancerous Pancreatic Tumor

OMICS A Journal of Integrative Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 28(4), P. 182 - 192

Published: April 1, 2024

Over a decade ago, longitudinal multiomics analysis was pioneered for early disease detection and individually tailored precision health interventions. However, high sample processing costs, expansive measurements along with complex data have made this approach to precision/personalized medicine impractical. Here we describe in case report, more practical that uses fewer measurements, annual sampling, faster decision making. We also show how offers promise detect an exceedingly rare potentially fatal condition before it fully manifests. Specifically, the present report monitoring (LMOM) helped precancerous pancreatic tumor led successful surgical intervention. The patient, enrolled blood-based LMOM since 2018, had dramatic changes June 2021 2022 metabolomics proteomics results prompted further clinical diagnostic testing cancer. Using abdominal magnetic resonance imaging, 2.6 cm lesion tail of patient's pancreas detected. fluid from aspiration biopsy 10,000 times normal carcinoembryonic antigen levels. After surgically resected, histopathological findings confirmed tumor. Postoperative omics indicated most metabolite protein levels returned 2018 This illustrates potentials blood medicine, new ways thinking medical innovation life-saving diagnosis Blood warrants future programmatic translational research goals cancer diagnoses treatments.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Gut Microbiota in the Onset and Progression of Obesity and Associated Comorbidities

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(22), P. 12321 - 12321

Published: Nov. 16, 2024

Obesity, a global public health problem, is constantly increasing, so the concerns in preventing and combating it are increasingly focused on intestinal microbiota. It was found that microbiota different lean people compared to obese individuals, but exact mechanisms by which energy homeostasis influenced still incompletely known. Numerous studies show involvement of certain bacterial species promoting obesity associated diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, cancer, etc. Our aim summarize main findings regarding influence several factors lifestyle changes, including diet bariatric surgery, diversity gut individuals. The second purpose this paper investigate potential effect various modulation techniques ameliorating its comorbidities. A literature search conducted using PubMed database, identifying articles published between 2019 2024. Most identified suggest generally with alterations microbiome decreased microbial diversity, an increased Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio, SCFAs levels. also indicate could represent novel strategy treating related metabolic diseases. Although some (e.g., inflammation or hormonal regulation) already considered powerful connection development, further research needed enhance knowledge particular topic.

Language: Английский

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Vertical Transfer of Maternal Gut Microbes to Offspring of Western Diet-Fed Dams Drives Reduced Levels of Tryptophan Metabolites and Postnatal Innate Immune Response

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(12), P. 1808 - 1808

Published: June 8, 2024

Maternal obesity and/or Western diet (WD) is associated with an increased risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in offspring, driven, part, by the dysregulation early life microbiome. Here, using a mouse model WD-induced maternal obesity, we demonstrate that exposure to disordered microbiome from WD-fed dams suppressed circulating levels endogenous ligands aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR; indole, indole-3-acetate) and TMAO (a product AHR-mediated transcription), as well hepatic expression Il10 (an AHR target), offspring at 3 weeks age. This signature was recapitulated fecal microbial transfer pregnant chow-fed germ-free (GF) lactating following parturition reduced abundance Lactobacillus GF offspring. Further, downregulated myeloid cells LPS-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) adult suggestive hypo-responsive, or tolerant, innate immune response. BMDMs mice lacking exhibited similar tolerogenic response, including diminished Il10. Overall, our study shows WD alters metabolites affect signaling, potentially contributing hypo-responsiveness progression MASLD, highlighting impact gut dysbiosis on metabolism. Further investigations are warranted elucidate complex interplay between diet, function, development neonatal tolerance potential therapeutic interventions targeting these pathways.

Language: Английский

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Intestinal Insights: The Gut Microbiome’s Role in Atherosclerotic Disease: A Narrative Review

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(11), P. 2341 - 2341

Published: Nov. 16, 2024

Recent advances have highlighted the gut microbiota as a significant contributor to development and progression of atherosclerosis, which is an inflammatory cardiovascular disease (CVD) characterized by plaque buildup within arterial walls. The microbiota, consisting diverse collection microorganisms, impacts host's metabolism, immune responses, lipid processing, all contribute atherosclerosis. This review explores complex mechanisms through dysbiosis promotes atherogenesis. We emphasize potential integrating modulation with traditional care, offering holistic approach managing Important pathways involve translocation microbial components, metabolism metabolites such trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), production short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that influence vascular health. Studies reveal distinct profiles in atherosclerosis patients, increased pathogenic bacteria (

Language: Английский

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